湖北三种地形下AQI特征及其与气象因子的关系

基于2015—2016年湖北省环境监测数据和气象资料,分析了3种地形下空气质量指数(AQI)特征及其与气象因子的关系。结果表明:湖北省年空气质量指数时空分布特征为山区低平原高,冬季高夏季低,日高峰值襄阳出现在中午,武汉和宜昌出现在23:00—24:00;与空气质量指数关系较显著的气象因子包括相对湿度、变温、变压、风、降水等,其中降水对污染物的沉降作用跟空气质量等级有关,污染程度越重,需要清洁空气的雨量越大,轻度以上污染时,需要中雨及以上降水才会产生有效清洁,当降水为微量(1mm以下)时,AQI反而会增长;受不同地形影响,不同城市污染天气输入路径不同,襄阳为北风、武汉西北风、宜昌多弱东风扰动,且襄阳大风速出现的频数较高,而宜昌以小风为主。     

基于多源时空大数据的区际迁徙人群多层次空间分布估算模型——以COVID-19疫情期间自武汉迁出人群为例

已有研究很少关注区际迁徙人群在不同尺度上空间分布的动态估算问题。COVID-19疫情爆发以来,坚决防止疫情扩散成为社会最紧迫的事情。在2020年1月23日武汉“封城”前夕,已有500多 万人离开了武汉,快速准确地推算这部分人群的去向,可以为防止疫情扩散和制定防疫决策提供科学依据。本文以此为例,基于开源腾讯位置请求大数据、百度迁徙大数据、土地覆盖数据等多源地理时空大数据,提出一种区际迁徙人群多层次空间分布动态估算模型,用于推算2020年除夕 （2020年1月24日）之前从武汉流入湖北省内各地的人群数量及其分布特征。结果显示：① 春节时段湖北省各地级市农村地 区人群增加数量占人群变化总量的比例平均达124.7%,从武汉市迁入各地级市的人群中至少51.3%流入农村地区;② 区县尺 度人群变化总量的空间分布呈现3个圈层结构：第一圈层为疫情核心区,包括武汉及其周边地区,以人群流出为主;第二圈层为 重点关注区,包括黄冈、黄石、仙桃、天门、潜江、随州、襄阳,以及孝感、荆门、荆州和咸宁的部分地区,以人群总量和农村地区人 群数量大幅增加为主;第三圈层为次级关注区,包括湖北西部宜昌、恩施、神农架和荆门部分地区,以人群小幅流入为主。最后,建议湖北省内,尤其是位于第二圈层内的区县,应高度关注农村地区人群的疫情防控。此研究成果在2~3天完成,显示大数据是可以快速地响应重大公共安全事件,为决策的制定提供一定支持的。     

宜昌峡口三叠系嘉陵江组油苗成因

在宜昌兴山下三叠统嘉陵江组灰岩晶洞和方解石脉中发现液体油苗。为查明其源岩,通过详细的野外剖面资料及密集采样,以有机碳含量0.5%为有效烃源岩下限,甄别出宜昌地区有三套有效烃源岩。通过烃源岩地球化学特征分析,发现萜烷、常规甾烷、甲藻甾烷等常规生物标志物的组成和分布趋于一致。高演化阶段的趋同性,已无法区分各套烃源岩,不能用于油源对比。但从三芳甾烷的组成和干酪根、氯仿沥青"A"稳定碳同位素组成特征,可以区分这三套烃源岩。油苗特征与上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组下部源岩相似,推测油苗来源于此源岩。     

贵州土壤环境污染现状及其防治建议

通过贵州省土壤环境污染情况的分析,表明我省土壤环境污染状况严重。规范人类生产生活行为,控制和消除土壤污染源,改善生态环境,保护国家和人民生命财产安全,加强土地资源的保护工作势在必行。     

云南个旧锡石硫化物矿床的岩相古地理条件研究

云南个旧锡石硫化物矿床是我国著名而又典型的锡多金属矿床,其产出主要受地层岩性、构造和岩浆活动三者的联合控制.从矿床沉积学的角度出发,以矿床(体)产出的地质特征,特别是以矿床(体)宿主岩的宏观、微观含矿性及近矿、远矿围岩的物理机械性质为研究内容,探讨了个旧锡石硫化物矿床产出的岩相古地理条件.作者认为研究此类矿床(体)宿主岩的岩相古地理条件如同研究同生层控矿床的岩相古地理条件一样具有重要意义.     

A 1.78 Ga large igneous province in the North China craton: The Xiong'er Volcanic Province and the North China dyke swarm

The 1.78 Ga Xiong'er Volcanic Province (XVP) and coeval North China giant mafic Dyke Swarm (NCDS) are the most important magmatic events occurring after the amalgamation of the North China craton (NCC). The XVP consists of 3–7 km of extrusive volcanics and some feeder dykes/sills located along the southern margin of the NCC and extending over an area > 0.06 M km². Compositions vary from basalt to rhyolite, but are predominantly intermediate in terms of silica content. There are also minor sedimentary intercalations and pyroclastic units. The sedimentary interlayers indicate an environment changing from continental-facies to oceanic-facies up-section. The XVP is characterized by fractional crystallization from an EM I type mantle source, and both continental arc (Andean-type) and rift environments have been proposed. The NCDS is widespread in the central NCC with an outcrop area > 0.1 M km², and are exposed at variable depths up to 20 km (deepest in the north). Dyke compositions vary from basalt to andesite and dacite, but are dominantly mafic, and comprise two series of magmatism. Previous studies revealed that the NCDS recorded assimilation and fractional crystallization of an EM I type magma source, with a minor DM contribution in the younger magmas. Both syn-collisional and intra-continental anorogenic environments have been proposed. Spatial and petrogenic correlations suggest a cogenetic relationship between the NCDS and XVP, and considered together, they define a Large Igneous Province (LIP) of > 0.1 M km² in area and > 0.1 M km³ in volume, which is also notable for its continuous compositional range from mafic to felsic (with no gap at intermediate compositions). The petrology is explained by a common magma source that undergoes a silica-poor and iron-enriched fractionation trend at depth followed by a silica-rich and iron-poor fractionation trend in shallow-level magma conduits (dykes) and surface lavas. A mantle plume is favored as the cause of this  1.78 Ga North China LIP.     

Mineralogical,petrological, and geochemical studies of the Limahe mafic–ultramatic intrusion and associated Ni–Cu sulfide ores,SW China

The Limahe Ni–Cu sulfide deposit is hosted by a small mafic–ultramafic intrusion (800 × 200 × 300 m) that is temporally associated with the voluminous Permian flood basalts in SW China. The objective of this study is to better understand the origin of the deposit in the context of regional magmatism which is important for the ongoing mineral exploration in the region. The Limahe intrusion is a multiphase intrusion with an ultramafic unit at the base and a mafic unit at the top. The two rock units have intrusive contacts and exhibit similar mantle-normalized trace element patterns and Sr–Nd isotopic compositions but significantly different cumulus mineralogy and major element compositions. The similarities suggest that they are related to a common parental liquid, whereas the differences point to magma differentiation by olivine crystallization at depth. Sulfide mineralization is restricted to the ultramafic unit. The abundances of sulfides in the ultramafic unit generally increase towards the basal contacts with sedimentary footwall. The δ ³⁴S values of sulfide minerals from the Limahe deposit are elevated, ranging from +2.4 to +5.4‰. These values suggest the involvement of external S with elevated δ ³⁴S values. The mantle-normalized platinum-group element (PGE) patterns of bulk sulfide ores are similar to those of picrites associated with flood basalts in the region. The abundances of PGE in the sulfide ores, however, are significantly lower than that of sulfide liquid expected to segregate from undepleted picrite magma. Cr-spinel and olivine are present in the Limahe ultramafic rocks as well as in the picrites. Mantle-normalized trace element patterns of the Limahe intrusion generally resemble those of the picrites. However, negative Nb–Ta anomalies, common features of contamination with the lower or middle crust, are present in the intrusion but absent in the picrites. Sr–Nd isotopes suggest that the Limahe intrusion experienced higher degrees of contamination with the upper crust than did the picrites. The results of this study permit us to suggest that the parental magma of the Limahe intrusion was derived from picritic magma by olivine fractionation and contamination in a staging chamber at mid-crustal levels. Depletion of PGE in the sulfide ores in the Limahe intrusion is likely due to previous sulfide segregation of the parental magmas in the staging chamber. Sulfide mineralization in the Limahe intrusion is related to second-stage sulfide segregation after the fractionated magmas acquired external S from pyrite-bearing country rocks during magma ascent to the Limahe chamber. The abrupt change in mineralogical and chemical compositions between the ultramafic unit and the overlying unit suggests that at least two separate pulses of magma were involved in the development of the Limahe intrusion. We propose that the Limahe intrusion was once a wider part of a dynamic conduit that fed magma to the overlying subvolcanic dykes/sills or lavas. The ultramafic unit formed by the first, relatively more primitive magma, and the mafic unit formed by the second, relatively more fractionated magma. Immiscible sulfide droplets that segregated from the first magma settled down with olivine crystals to form the sulfide-bearing, olivine-rich rocks in the base of the intrusion. The overlying residual liquids were then pushed out of the chamber by the second magma. Critical factors for the formation of an economic Ni–Cu sulfide deposit in such a small intrusion include the dynamic petrologic processes involved and the availability of external sulfur. The Limahe deposit reminds us that small, multiphase, mafic–ultramafic intrusions in the region should not be overlooked for the potential of economic Ni–Cu sulfide deposits.     

赣东北“金三角区”成矿带的划分及成矿模式

在对赣东北"金三角区"成矿带划分的基础上,分析总结了各重点成矿带的成矿模式.由于区内不同构造单元基底性质、深部构造和壳幔结构方面的差异,产生各地质单元中不同的矿床集结,如东乡-德兴成矿带以Cu,Au矿床为主,Pb,Zn,Ag矿床为次;信江南侧成矿带以Cu,Pb,Zn,Ag多金属矿床产出为主,Au矿床次之;而灵山-怀玉山成矿带则以Nb,Ta等稀有金属矿床为特点,其次为Pb,Zn,W,Sn等矿床.     

安徽县域城镇化空间集聚特征及其影响因素分析

针对当前县域尺度城镇化研究不足,以及传统数理统计模型无法描述城镇化空间集聚特征的薄弱点,从空间自相关视角来探讨县域尺度城镇化空间集聚特征。基于人口、经济、空间及社会4个维度构建县域城镇化体系,运用投影寻踪模型测度县域尺度城镇化,较科学地评价县域城镇化水平;采用空间自相关模型分析县域城镇化空间集聚,并解释其影响因素,实现了对县域城镇化空间集聚规律有效揭示。研究结果表明:安徽县域城镇化水平呈上升态势,存在"南高北低"区域分异;县域城镇化具有显著全局空间集聚,局部H-H区集聚"合-芜-马",L-L区集聚皖北地区;地理区位条件、交通网络改善、中心城市作用及发展政策倾向是影响安徽县域城镇化空间集聚主要因素。     

基于改进潜能模型的县域小学空间可达性研究——以湖北省仙桃市为例

空间可达性是评价教育设施布局合理性的重要指标,而潜能模型是度量教育设施空间可达性的重要方法。本文在引入学校服务能力因子的基础上,综合考虑学校服务能力等级影响和居民极限出行时间构建就学影响因子,对潜能模型加以改进。通过以湖北省仙桃市为典型县域单元的案例研究,结果表明：①村级居民点尺度,乡镇中心和高等级公路沿线居民点的小学空间可达性普遍较高,并按照一定的半径范围呈距离衰减过程,而乡镇毗邻地区居民点的小学空间可达性相对较差;②乡镇(街道)尺度,可达性较高的乡镇(街道)主要分布在沿G318的北部地区,且城乡间、主城区与城郊的小学空间可达性均存在一定差距;③改进潜能模型能合理地评价各农村居民聚落点和各乡镇的小学空间可达性,当摩擦系数β取值为2时,能更为准确地揭示农村居民所能获取的教育资源,为相关部门决策提供科学依据。