珠江三角洲北部晚第四纪孢粉植物群的古环境意义

采用孢粉分析的方法对珠江三角洲北部地区多个钻孔进行了古植被和古环境的研究。结果表明,该区晚更新世与全新世的孢粉组合存在明显区别,更新世时期以木本植物为主,而全新世表现为蕨类孢子和草本花粉的大幅度增加。该特征反映了更新世本区为河漫滩洼地沉积为主,局部受海侵影响,而全新世为海湾河口相沉积。根据木本植物花粉不同组分的含量变化以及某些气候敏感属种的出现,可以推论晚更新世亚间冰期的年平均气温比现今低2-4℃左右,盛冰期则低6℃以上,到全新世中期以后形成了与现代相似的明显受季风影响的常绿阔叶林。     

长江冲淡水的扩展及其营养盐的输运

本文根据长江口及其邻近海域硝酸盐和硅酸盐的平面分布特征,研究得出,除冬季外,长江冲淡水中的营养盐同时向两个方向输送,一、向北或东北输入南黄海西南部;二、向南或东南输入东海。据此提出“长江冲淡水双向扩展”的观点,即长江冲淡水先顺河口走向朝东南方向流动,到达口门处分成两部分（冬季除外）,一部分穿过杭州湾口及舟山群岛一带沿岸南下,或自长江口向东南方向扩展;另一部分则左转向北或东北,进入南黄海西南部。南、北两股冲淡水的水量大小及其比例,因不同季节而异。     

Seasonal Study of Methane and Nitrous Oxide in the Coastal Waters of the Southern Baltic Sea

Atmospheric and dissolved methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) were measured in the unique coastal ecosystem of theBoddenwaters, including the western Oder estuary, (southern Baltic Sea) during five campaigns between 1994 and 1997. The CH₄saturations, ranging from 105–15 500%, showed great spatial and temporal variability with maximum values in September and minimum values in December. The N₂O saturations were in the range of 91–312% with a maximum in March. Enhanced concentrations of both gases were observed only in the western Oder estuary near the mouth of the Peene River. Thus, we conclude that the distributions of CH₄and N₂O in the investigatedBoddenwaters are, directly or indirectly, linked to the Peene River runoff and not to the Oder River. Our estimate of the annual CH₄emissions from theBoddenwaters to the atmosphere indicates a significant contribution (c. 17%) to the overall CH₄emissions from the Baltic Sea. In contrast, theBoddenwaters represent only a small source for atmospheric N₂O.CH₄production rates estimated from sediment slurry experiments revealed a significant spatial variability and indicated that methanogenic activity was related to acetate consumption in the surface sediment layer. Sedimentary CH₄production might depend on different amounts of accumulation of organic material.     

商业平板式超滤膜包完整性检验：对海洋胶体生物地球化学研究的启示

The performance and integrity of a cassette cross-flow ultrafilter(Pellicon 2, Millipore) are examined with a suite of macromolecules of different molecular masses. The retention coefficient during the cross-flow ultrafiltration experiments increases with increasing molecular mass and reaches 90% with 10 kDa dextran in both milli-Q water and ultrafiltered seawater media. Based on a 90% retention coefficient, the molecular mass cut-off for the ultrafiltration membrane is defined at 10 kDa, which is ten times(1 kDa) that rated by the manufacturer. To further validate the accuracy of the laboratory calibration, the samples from the lower Zhujiang River and the Jiulong River Estuary are ultrafiltered with the cassette ultrafiltration membrane and the colloidal organic carbon abundances in these samples are quantified with the ultrafiltration permeation model based on time series permeation subsamples. The colloidal organic carbon abundances are 5.8%–21.1% in the Jiulong River Estuary and 5.6%–11.0% in the lower Zhujiang River. These are consistent with the reported values for both estuaries as well as with the colloidal organic carbon abundances in marine environments over the coastal and open oceans with 10 kDa cut-off membranes. Therefore, these field data support the laboratory calibration result and indicate the validity of the experimental and quantification procedure adopted. The discrepancy between the nominal molecular mass cut-off and the actual pore size of the ultrafiltration membrane should be of great concern for research in colloidal and nanoparticle biogeochemistry. Careful examination of the membrane integrity should be taken during ultrafiltration experiments in order to avoid misleading molecular mass cut-off information.     

淮河流域5～6月降水的年际及年代际变化

对淮河流域降水异常进行分析对于预测黄海绿潮具有重要意义。选取淮河流域10个站,长江流域15个站,通过对国家气象信息中心1951~2011年的逐月降水数据进行分析,研究淮河流域和长江流域5~6月平均降水异常。2000~2010年,淮河流域5~6月降水呈现增加趋势,与长江流域降水呈反位相变化。分别对淮河流域5~6月平均降水异常与印度洋偶极子指数(Dipole Mode Index,DMI),以及太平洋年代际振荡(the Pacific Decadal Oscillation,PDO)指数做相关性分析,结果表明:淮河流域5~6月平均降水异常与6个月前的DMI指数达到最大正相关,与20个月前的北太平洋(20°N以北)SST呈现明显的负相关,与PDO指数达到最大负相关。这表明,PDO、DMI指数对淮河流域5~6月降水异常的年代际、年际变化具有明显的指示作用。     

九龙江流域水葫芦打捞去除水体营养盐模型研究

水葫芦被收获时,水体中的营养盐也将包含在植物组织中而被去除.本研究首先通过野外实验和参考国内外有关文献,建立了九龙江流域水葫芦生长数学模型和持续生产模型,确定了模型的各有关参数:水葫芦生长容量K值为25.6 kg/m2、最大生长速率rmax为0.12d-1;水体中氮和磷的半饱和系数hN和hP值分别为0.2和0.03;水葫芦最低生长温度(mθin)为7℃,最适水温(oθpt)为30℃,最高生长温度(θmax)为40℃.随后采用所建立的模型计算了研究区水葫芦打捞的营养盐去除效果,研究区面积6 000m2的水体实施水葫芦打捞策略后,1a所能收获的水葫芦最大产量为9.18×105kg,去除的TP为214.4kg,TN为966.6kg.     

Diplophos rebainsi Krefft & Parin, 1972, an addition to the mesopelagic fish fauna of New Zealand (note)

Plankton samples taken in the south‐western Pacific Ocean and the Tasman Sea have provided, for the first time in these waters, a series of individuals of the gonostomatid Diplophos rebainsi. Observations are presented on some of the prejuvenile and adult features and on the seasonal distribution of prejuveniles off New Zealand.     

Breeding,settlement and survival of barnacles at artificially modified shore levels at Leigh,New Zealand

The breeding and settlement seasons of the intertidal barnacles Chamaesipho brunnea, C. columna and Elminius plicatus were determined, and experiments using cages on the shore to examine barnacle survival and growth rate at four levels were carried out at Leigh during 1964–66.

Chamaesipho brunnea bred in spring and summer; C. columna and E. plicatus bred throughout the year, but settled intermittently. When protected from predators and from overgrowth by algae, all three species survived at levels lower than normal. At higher levels C. columna, E. modestus, Balanus trigonus and Tetraclita purpuraseens survived for significant periods (C. brunnea occurs naturally higher on the shore than the highest experimental level).     

基于遥感光谱反射率反演黄河口海域Ⅱ类水体悬浮泥沙浓度模型

依据黄河口海域含沙水体野外实测光谱反射率为参考实验数据,结合水体表面光谱观测数据建立了经验回归模型,从而定量估测黄河口海域水体表层悬浮泥沙质量浓度,最终得出黄河口海域不同年份水体的悬浮泥沙质量浓度图,这对分析河口海岸带冲淤变化过程具有重要的意义。     

长江口水域波浪数值计算

利用高阶非线性抛物型缓坡方程对长江口水域的波浪传播变形作了推算,依据测站的资料分析数值模式中的底摩阻因子和风能输入因子对波浪传播的影响,进而确定其参数。针对不同导堤结构型式,分析了潜堤的波浪传递系数,最后对长江口二期整治工程完成后水域的波浪场作了推算。