1986—2019年黑龙江省松嫩平原表层土壤有机碳变化及固碳潜力估算

土壤有机碳(SOC)是评价土壤肥力和固碳能力的重要指标。因此,研究土壤有机碳的变化,对准确评价区域土壤固碳潜力,实现土壤资源的可持续利用具有重要的意义。利用黑龙江省第二次土壤普查数据和2019年实测土壤数据,运用GIS空间分析方法,分析了1986—2019年黑龙江省松嫩平原表层(0~20 cm)土壤有机碳密度(SOCD)的时空变化特征,运用土壤类型法估算了土壤有机碳储量,运用平衡法估算了土壤固碳潜力。结果表明:30多年来表层SOCD平均减少1.06 kg/m²,SOCD减少的地区主要分布在黑龙江省松嫩平原中部和东南部地区;表层SOC储量减少约143.99 Tg,SOC储量减少较多的土壤类型是草甸土、黑钙土和黑土,三者减少量占总SOC储量减少量的84.55%;当前黑龙江省松嫩平原表层土壤固碳潜力为-2.08 Tg,其中暗棕壤、白浆土、黑土为正潜力,其余土壤类型为负潜力。建议通过增施有机化肥、秸秆还田、推广免耕少耕等方法措施,以提高松嫩平原土壤固碳潜力。     

基于机器学习和多光谱遥感的银川平原土壤盐分预测

快速获取区域土壤盐渍化程度信息,对于盐渍化治理与生态环境保护具有重要意义。以银川平原为研究区,以盐分影响因子和盐分指数分别作为输入参数,建立支持向量机(SVM),BP神经网络(BPNN)和贝叶斯神经网络(BNN)3种土壤盐分预测模型,选取最佳模型进行研究区不同深度的土壤盐渍化预测。结果表明：(1)0～20 cm土壤盐分预测模型中基于影响因子变量组的BNN模型效果最佳,决定系数(R²)为0.618,均方根误差(RMSE)为2.986;20～40 cm土壤盐分预测模型中基于盐分指数变量组的BNN模型效果最佳,R²为0.651,RMSE为1.947;综合对比下,BNN模型的预测效果最好,可用于研究区土壤盐渍化预测。(2)银川平原主要是以非盐渍化和轻度盐渍化为主,0～20 cm土壤重度盐渍化及盐土共占总面积的11.59%,20～40 cm土壤重度盐渍化及盐土共占总面积的7.04%,20～40 cm土壤盐渍化程度较0～20 cm土壤盐渍化轻。     

人地关系视角下的乡村居民休闲空间变迁研究——以江汉平原为例

通过案例分析、文献检索、实地调研等方法,基于人地关系的基本理论,以江汉平原为例,探索乡村居民休闲空间的历史变迁和结构要素特征。结果表明:江汉平原乡村居民休闲空间经历4个变迁阶段。原始文明时期,乡村地域空间要素缺乏,原始部落中央广场形成休闲空间雏形,表现为空间开放特征;农耕文明时期,乡村地域空间要素基本形成,散落的乡村空间格局致使休闲空间相对分散,表现为空间区隔特征;工业文明时期,乡村地域空间要素逐渐成熟,乡村休闲空间被外来游客占据享用,表现为空间掠夺特征;生态文明时期,休闲空间要素稳定完善,人地和谐共生,人人共享休闲空间,表现为空间共融特征。     

Forthcoming papers

Abstract

The Hai River Basin (HRB) is a heavily irrigated region encompassing the North China Plain (NCP) in northeast China. In the last decades, continuous lowering of groundwater levels had been reported in the NCP. This study used data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and in situ measurements to quantify recent changes in groundwater storage from 2003 to 2012. The signal from GRACE observations highlight a sharp decline in the deep subsurface water stores (deep unsaturated zone and groundwater systems) up to a rate of 17.0 ± 4.3 mm year^-1 between 2003 and 2012 over the HRB, equal to a volumetric loss of 5.5 ± 1.4 km³ year^-1. This result shows good consistency with in situ observations of groundwater hydraulic heads compiled from monitoring bores, and emphasizes GRACE’s ability to monitor large-scale groundwater storage variations. Results from GRACE also provide an independent assessment of the effectiveness of water saving programmes that have been implemented by the government so far. Our study indicates that groundwater overdrawal is still prevalent and the dominant factor for the persistent loss in groundwater storage over the HRB/NCP; the current groundwater consumption pattern is far beyond the natural recharge ability in groundwater system.

Editor D. Koutsoyiannis; Associate editor T. Wagener     

三江平原典型土地利用类型土壤呼吸强度对温度的敏感性

采用实验室恒温培养方法对三江平原3种不同土地利用类型开发后的沼泽土和草甸土进行了温度敏感性研究。研究结果表明,在50c、15℃、250C和35℃4种不同温度条件下,各土壤类型的土壤呼吸速率均随温度的升高而增大。在同一温度条件下．3种土壤呼吸强度由弱到强依次是：草甸土一旱地〈草甸土一水田〈沼泽土一人工林。指数模型和乘幂模型均可以较好地描述沼泽土和草甸土土壤呼吸与温度之间的关系,土壤呼吸强度随温度的升高呈指数或乘幂上升。3种土壤的Q14。值呈现出随温度升高而降低的趋势,表明土壤呼吸在较低温度下的温度敏感性更高。对未添加植物残体的纯土壤组和添加了植物残体的对照组进行对比研究,发现添加植物残体后土壤呼吸强度大大增强,因此野外实际的土壤呼吸强度要比通常室内实验中去除植物残体后所测定的土壤呼吸强度更高。     

成都平原区地源热泵系统适宜性分区评价

成都平原区位于四川省盆地中部,享有“天府之国”的美誉.近年来,响应国家节能、环保的号召,地源热泵中央空调系统在成都平原区有着较快的发展,但对区内的地源热泵系统热能交换形式缺少适宜性的分区,在选择系统热能交换形式上缺少依据.根据成都平原区地源热泵系统热能交换形式对其适宜性进行初步划分,以供成都平原区热泵系统热能交换形式选择提供依据     

汶川地震后成都平原地面塌陷特征及对策

汶川地震后两年,成都平原多个县区出现地面塌陷。就地质环境而言,成都平原不具备自然地下空洞引发大型地面塌陷的地质条件。现有地面塌陷均为人为地下空洞在自然或人为因素下引发。汶川地震缩短了产生地面塌陷的时间,致使成都平原在地震后两年内较高频率发生小规模地面塌陷。     

Study on ecological and economic effects of land and water resources allocation in Sanjiang Plain

The pattern of groundwater usage and industrial development in the Sanjiang Plain remains a concern of Chinese government. In accordance with the Water Conservancy Planning of the Sanjiang Plain, this paper presents a Sanjiang Plain resources allocation model which is established to be used in controlling water, land, ecology and economy in consideration of 50%-level and 75%-level years, planting structure adjustment, industry development by 2020, and different transit water exploitation schemes. Lingo10 global optimization has been adopted in solving the model. The results show that by 2020 the output of three industries will increase to a certain degree, the grain yields will satisfy state demand, and regional service value will decrease dramatically. Such results provide theoretical basis and practical significance for instructing the development and exploitation of the Sanjiang Plain.     

Dynamic influence of Holocene characteristics on vadose water in typical region of central North China Plain

In the typical region of central North China Plain, vadose sediments are Holocene sediment strata. With samples from field drillings, the study analyzes the sedimentary characteristics of vadose zone. The study takes the content of silty sand as the basis for sedimentary environment analysis, and the content of clay and sand as the sensitive indicator for sedimentary characteristics. Combining palynology analysis, the study divides vadose zone from top to bottom into diluvia oxbow lacustrine sediments, lacustrine sediments, lacustrine and swamp sediments, weak palaeohydrodynamic lacustrine sediments and alluvial sediments. Based on the sedimentary characteristics of Holocene strata, it analyzes the changes across depth of vadose zone water potential and matrix potential, obtaining the influence of vadose zone sedimentary characteristics on the migration of water in typical region of central North China Plain.