Holocene overbank deposition in the drainage basin of Lake Khanka

Overbank deposits in the Komissarovka River valley consist of alternating silt, clay silt, sand, and soils produced by lacustrine, alluvial, and aeolian deposition and by soil formation. Silt and sand layers in the lower part of the section correlate with the events of Early Holocene transgression and Middle Holocene regression of Lake Khanka. Deposition in the lowermost reaches of the Komissarovka River provides a faithful record of local Holocene landscapes controlled by level changes in Lake Khanka.     

华北平原冬麦田土壤CH4的吸收特征研究

利用静态箱/气相色谱(GC)法,对华北平原冬小麦拔节—成熟期间麦田土壤CH4气体通量进行了测定,得出华北平原典型冬麦田土壤是大气CH4的弱吸收汇。试验期间土壤CH4通量存在明显的季节变化和日变化,麦田拔节—成熟期间土壤CH4通量日平均值为-18.3μg.m-2.h-1,波动范围为-4.3~-24.4μg.m-2.h-1;在土壤CH4通量的日变化中,观测到麦田土壤在午间和夜间都有一个吸收峰,峰值出现的时间因生育期不同而有所不同。试验期间CH4通量日平均值与土壤温度关系不明显,而与土壤水分呈负相关(α=0.01);日变化中土壤CH4通量与地表温度的相关性较差,而与5 cm地温相关密切。麦田拔节—成熟期间土壤CH4通量日平均值随NH4 -N施用量的增加呈递减规律,农田秸秆还田后不利于土壤对CH4的吸收。     

Influence of leaf water potential on diurnal changes in CO2 and water vapour fluxes

Mass and energy fluxes between the atmosphere and vegetation are driven by meteorological variables, and controlled by plant water status, which may change more markedly diurnally than soil water. We tested the hypothesis that integration of dynamic changes in leaf water potential may improve the simulation of CO₂ and water fluxes over a wheat canopy. Simulation of leaf water potential was integrated into a comprehensive model (the ChinaAgrosys) of heat, water and CO₂ fluxes and crop growth. Photosynthesis from individual leaves was integrated to the canopy by taking into consideration the attenuation of radiation when penetrating the canopy. Transpiration was calculated with the Shuttleworth-Wallace model in which canopy resistance was taken as a link between energy balance and physiological regulation. A revised version of the Ball-Woodrow-Berry stomatal model was applied to produce a new canopy resistance model, which was validated against measured CO₂ and water vapour fluxes over winter wheat fields in Yucheng (36°57′ N, 116°36′ E, 28 m above sea level) in the North China Plain during 1997, 2001 and 2004. Leaf water potential played an important role in causing stomatal conductance to fall at midday, which caused diurnal changes in photosynthesis and transpiration. Changes in soil water potential were less important. Inclusion of the dynamics of leaf water potential can improve the precision of the simulation of CO₂ and water vapour fluxes, especially in the afternoon under water stress conditions.     

Discussion of Some Problems in the Research into the Seismotectonics of Strong Earthquakes on the North China Plain

The tectonic characteristics and research problems of five earthquakes with M≥7.0 on the North China Plain over the last 300 years are addressed in the paper, including the cognition that there were no ground fractures in the 1966 Xingtai earthquake, the question caused by the thrust activity of the seismic fault of the Tangshan Earthquake and the discussion of the seismotectonic environment of the 1830 Cixian earthquake and the 1937 Heze earthquake. The author thinks that the main reason for the problems in research of strong earthquake tectonics in the region is that the status of activity of the main tectonics during the Late Quaternary are unknown. This affects the founding of discrimination criteria for seismotectonics of strong earthquakes on the North China Plain. Discriminating the Holocene active faults from the large number of faults is the most effective method for seismic hazard assessment in the area in future.     

安达曼弧与缅甸、云南强震相关性研究

研究区包括安达曼弧、缅甸平原和云南地区三个部分。对安达曼弧7级以上地震与缅甸、云南7级和6.8级地震的群体与个体的相关特征进行了研究,发现安达曼弧、缅甸平原M≥7.0地震与云南M≥6.8地震在群体上有一定相关性,但并非一一相关。云南有4个地震活跃期,但安达曼弧与缅甸平原却只有3个,缺失第3活跃期。研究区强震活动从板缘向板内逐渐减弱,三个地区最大震级分别为8.7级、7.8级和7.7级。安达曼弧与缅甸、云南7级地震的个体相关概率分别为33%和27%,平均30%左右,缅甸与云南的个体相关概率为43%。最后对云南的地震趋势进行了预测。     

华北平原冀中坳陷东部SFQ1钻孔磁性地层年代学及其地质意义

可靠的地层年代标尺对于研究华北平原晚上新世以来沉积物记录的沉积环境演化、新构造运动及古气候演化具有重要意义.本文通过测定冀中坳陷东部的SFQ1钻孔岩芯古地磁,建立高分辨率磁性地层年代框架,并探讨其地质意义.结果表明:SFQ1孔中更新统底界埋深为71.0 m(布容期B/松山期M界线),下更新统底界埋深为197.8 m(松...     

20世纪50-70年代的围湖垦殖与江汉平原湖泊湿地演化

利用相关资料并借助RS/GIS方法对20世纪50-70年代的大规模围垦情况进行了初步分析。结果表明:20世纪50年代、60年代、70年代、80年代0.1km2以上的湖泊总量分别是1309个、611个、612个、838个,湖泊总面积分别是8503.7km2、5467.5km2、2934.3km2、2977.3km2。湖泊数量和面积减少与围湖垦殖关系密切,江汉湖区平均面积变化率为65.0%,围垦具有明显的区域差异特征。围湖垦殖与江汉平原湿地演化关系密切,围湖垦殖降低了江汉平原湿地演化的可持续性。     

黄淮海平原气候变化及其对耕地生产潜力的影响

利用1991年和2000年黄淮海平原气象台站的历史观测资料,分析该地区气温、降水的变化趋势,并利用农业生态地带(AEZ)模型估算黄淮海平原各农业生态区的耕地生产潜力。通过分析气温、降水与耕地生产潜力的关系,评价气候变化对耕地生产潜力的影响。研究发现,黄淮海平原耕地生产潜力与降水量、气温呈显著正相关。对各农业生态区的回归分析表明,如果气温或降水量提高10%,耕地生产潜力将分别提高3.2%与0.3%。该研究对制订应对气候变化、保护耕地与提高耕地生产潜力方面的决策具有参考价值。     

基于SPI模型的江汉平原旱涝分布及其变化规律的研究

近年,江汉平原受旱涝灾害影响日趋严重。利用监利水文站1954~2010年的月降水资料并结合SPI模型对江汉平原的旱涝分布及其变化规律做了典型性分析和研究。结果表明:运用SPI模型分析得到的监利地区多时间尺度的旱涝分布及其变化规律与实际基本相符,即该地区旱涝灾害频繁且呈交替发生。将SPI模型应用于旱涝分布及其变化规律的研究具有很好的实用性。