石羊河流域生态危机的综合治理探讨

综合治理石羊河流域生态危机的思路是:①用一定生活水平下的人均耕地面积阈值和最佳防护效益森林覆盖率理论,确定的耕地面积和配套的防护林体系。②用生物群落类、湿地类及流域经济社会类3大用水阈值组成的生态用水阈值进行水资源配置或调控。调控过程中紧紧抓住人口的环境容量这个关键,用人口环境容量调控和耦合生产及经济规模基础上,通过调控流域内可利用水资源承载力各分量的方式,对水资源配置进行优化,达到遏制生态危机,促进生态和经济可持续发展的目的。     

饵料粒度对玉筋鱼摄食、生长和生态转换效率的影响

在实验室大型玻璃钢水槽中,流水条件下投喂两种不同颗粒大小的卤虫,采用Eggers模型比较了黄海、渤海主要中上层小型鱼类玉筋鱼的摄食、生长和生态转换效率等生态能量学特征.结果表明:投喂颗粒小的幼体卤虫的排空率比投喂颗粒大的成体卤虫的大,分别为0.2136,0.1887.摄食小颗粒幼体卤虫的玉筋鱼的摄食率、生长率和生态转换效率分别为22.53g/(100g·d)(湿质量)或60.14kJ/(100g·d),3.63g/(100g·d)(湿质量)或14.86kJ/(100g·d),16.12%(以湿质量计)或24.70%(以能量计);而摄食大颗粒成体卤虫的玉筋鱼的摄食率、生长率和生态转换效率分别为27.54g/(100g·d)(湿质量)或51.69kJ/(100g·d),4.77g/(100g·d)(湿质量)或19.50(kJ/100g·d),17.31%(以湿质量计)或37.69%(以能量计).摄食成体卤虫的湿重比摄食幼体卤虫的多,而摄食幼体卤虫所含能量比成体卤虫的高;从玉筋鱼的生长情况来看,成体卤虫投喂的效果明显优于幼体卤虫,不管是用湿重还是用能含量来表示,摄食成体卤虫的生长都比摄食幼体的快,摄食成体的生态转化效率也都比摄食幼体的要高.     

许氏帆蚌耗氧率和排氨率研究

采用生态生理学方法研究了水温和体质量对许氏帆蚌(Hyriopsis schlegelii)耗氧率和排氨率的影响,为育珠蚌养殖生理生态学提供基础资料。用生化培养箱控制水温,winkler碘量法、纳氏试剂比色法测定耗氧率和排氨率。结果表明,在实验温度(9~30℃)条件下,许氏帆蚌的耗氧率为2.504~6.76mg/(kg.h),排氨率为1.963~5.689mg/(kg.h),其中耗氧率和排氨率在27℃达到最高值,30℃均开始下降。在适宜的温度范围内,许氏帆蚌的耗氧率和排氨率均与温度成正比,而与体质量呈负相关。     

四种淡水贝的摄食率和耗氧率的实验研究

研究了4种淡水贝褶纹冠蚌、背角无齿蚌、河蚬、铜锈环棱螺的摄食率和耗氧率.摄食率的测定采用血球计数板直接计数法,耗氧率的测定采用winkler碘量法.结果表明:温度对4种贝摄食率均有显著影响,在一定的适宜温度范围内,摄食率随温度的升高而加大,到一定温度时达到最大值;以单一藻类为食时,铜锈环棱螺的摄食率最大,4种贝对栅藻和微囊藻均无选择性,其摄食率无显著性差异;当以混合藻类为食时,褶纹冠蚌、背角无齿蚌和河蚬的摄食率均大于以单一藻类为食时的摄食率,而铜锈环棱螺对微囊藻的摄食则受到了抑制.用双曲线模型OC=DO/(K1 K2×DO)评估贝类对低溶氧环境的适应能力,结果表明,铜锈环棱螺的控氧能力较强.     

半潜平台锚泊辅助动力定位时域模拟研究

随着海洋油气资源开发逐渐走向深海,浮式结构物的定位能力越来越受到人们的重视。锚的泊辅助动力定位系统是将锚泊定位和动力定位相结合的一种新型海上定位系统。它具有安全性高、定位能力强、消耗功率小的特点。本文以某深水半潜式钻井平台为例,通过建立锚泊辅助动力定位时域模拟程序,分析平台在工作海况下的定位精度和功率消耗,并与相应海况下的动力定位进行比较。分析结果表明,该时域模拟程序能较为准确的地反映实际平台的定位情况。与动力定位相比,锚泊辅助动力定位能够取得更好的定位精度和较小的功率消耗,是更理想的定位方式。     

香蒲、灯心草人工湿地的研究─Ⅱ.净化污水的空间

应用测定流水中溶氧量的方法,测定了长薄鳅的耗氧率,耗氧量及窒息点．试验表明：长薄鳅的耗氧率（Ｙ’）随鱼体重（Ｗ,ｇ）的增加而增大,其关系式分别为：Ｙ’＝１８６．５７６Ｗ（－０．２０４３）,Ｙ＝０．１８６Ｗ（０．７９６２）．温度对长薄鳅的耗氧率有影响,在１３－３０Ｃ范围内,耗氧率随水温升高而逐渐增大．耗氧率的温度敏感区域是１３－２３Ｃ和２８－３０Ｃ,而在２３－２８Ｃ范围内变化幅度较小,标准代谢量变化     

四子王旗冬季采暖期和采暖强度的变化分析

利用四子王旗1971—2015年(10月至次年4月)日平均气温资料,通过线性趋势分析方法、度日法和MannKendall方法,分析近45a四子王旗采暖强度、采暖期长度、采暖初日和采暖终日变化特征,根据《民用建筑采暖通风与空气调节设计规范》(GB50019—2003)的规定确定了理论采暖的初日和终日。分析结果表明:近45a来,四子王旗冬季采暖初日在推迟,终日无明显变化;采暖强度呈显著减少趋势,变化速率为-77.04%;采暖期长度呈现下降趋势,但是下降趋势不显著。     

夏季南大洋普里兹湾有机质耗氧及营养盐再生过程模拟研究

在中国第22次南极科学考察期间,通过南大洋普里兹湾150 m上表层水柱采集的浮游植物的现场培养实验,研究了湾内陆架区Ⅲ-11站与埃默里冰架边缘区IS-2站浮游植物颗粒物的降解过程,估算了实验条件下研究海域浮游植物碎屑耗氧速率以及营养盐的生成速率.结果表明:在实验初期DO含量变化明显,随时间呈显著下降趋势,而营养盐含量则...     

A Localization Algorithm Using a Mobile Anchor Node Based on Region Determination in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

At present, most underwater positioning algorithms improve the positioning accuracy by increasing the number of anchor nodes which resulting in the increasing energy consumption. To solve this problem, the paper proposes a localization algorithm assisted by mobile anchor node and based on region determination(LMRD), which not only improves the positioning accuracy of nodes positioning but also reduces the energy consumption. This algorithm is divided into two stages: region determination stage and location positioning stage. In the region determination stage, the target region is divided into several sub-regions by the region division strategy with the smallest overlap rate which can reduce the number of virtual anchor nodes and lock the target node to a sub-region, and then through the planning of mobile nodes to optimize the travel path, reduce the moving distance, and reduce system energy consumption. In the location positioning stage, the target node location can be calculated using the HILBERT path planning and trilateration. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the positioning accuracy when the energy consumption is reduced.     

Effects of Temperature and Salinity on Oxygen Consumption and Ammonium Excretion Rate of ♀ Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂ E. lanceolatus Juveniles

The impact of water temperature(24, 27, 30 and 33℃) and salinity(15, 20, 25, 30 and 33) on oxygen consumption(OCR) and ammonium excretion rate(AER) of ♀ Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ×♂ E. lanceolatus hybrid grouper juveniles(9.39 ± 0.07 g) were investigated under the fed and un-fed conditions. The results showed that the OCR and AER were significantly(P < 0.05) affected by temperature and salinity under both fed and un-fed conditions. When temperature was 24–33℃, the OCR and AER of fed hybrid grouper juveniles were 85.68%–129.52% and 125.78%–287.63%, respectively, higher than those of un-fed hybrid grouper juveniles. The O/N ratio, protein use(P_u), Q₁₀(respiration) and Q₁₀(excretion) of fed hybrid grouper juveniles were 14.43–24.01, 28.35% – 48.48%, 1.69 and 3.01, respectively. The O/N ratio, P_u, Q₁₀(respiration), Q₁₀(excretion) of un-fed hybrid grouper juveniles were 20.39 – 31.79, 22.16% – 34.34%, 1.23 and 1.17, respectively. When salinity was 15–33, the OCR and AER of fed hybrid grouper juveniles increased by 87.42% – 116.85% and 215.38% – 353.57%, respectively, over those of un-fed hybrid grouper juveniles. The O/N ratio and P_u of fed hybrid grouper juveniles were 14.48 – 17.78, 39.36% – 49.43%, respectively. The O/N ratio and Pu of un-fed hybrid grouper juveniles were 20.39 – 31.79 and 22.16% – 34.34%, respectively. The specific dynamic action(SDA) of hybrid grouper juveniles was mainly related to protein metabolism. The results had a guiding significance to the large-scale intensive aquaculture of hybrid grouper juveniles.