Housing Foreclosure as A Geographically Contingent Event: Columbus Ohio 2003–2007

This article seeks to better understand geographic manifestations of housing foreclosure, moving beyond the usual portrayal that highlights, e.g., race/ethnicity and income. We depart from the usual analytical strategy which centers on factors that subsume high proportions of variance. Instead, this is the starting point for considering constellations and idiosyncratic but formative characteristics—contingencies—that further understanding of, e.g., why two households with identical attributes experience different outcomes. Empirical focus is on Columbus Ohio, 2003–2007. Regression analysis identifies central tendencies, followed by regression tree procedures that reveal variable combinations which alter correlational expectations. Unique areas are examined by neighborhood reconnaissance, exploratory data analysis, interviews, and archival research. Relevant factors include race/ethnicity and socio-economic characteristics. Beyond that, differing variable combinations lead to different outcomes, as do processes such as neighborhood life cycle, institutional actions/involvement, and year of home purchase/construction relative to housing de/inflation and mortgage market characteristics.     

“Phasic” metropolitan settlers: a phase-based model for the distribution of households in US metropolitan regions

In this article, we develop a model for explaining spatial patterns in the distribution of households across metropolitan regions in the United States. First, we use housing consumption and residential mobility theories to construct a hypothetical probability distribution function for the consumption of housing services across three phases of household life span. We then hypothesize a second probability distribution function for the offering of housing services based on the distance from city center(s) at the metropolitan scale. Intersecting the two hypothetical probability functions, we develop a phase-based model for the distribution of households in US metropolitan regions. We argue that phase one households (young adults) are more likely to reside in central city locations, whereas phase two and three households are more likely to select suburban locations, due to their respective housing consumption behaviors. We provide empirical validation of our theoretical model with the data from the 2010 US Census for 35 large metropolitan regions.     

Making Space: Residential Trajectories in Hong Kong

Hong Kong is a city with very high densities and low per capita space standards, given its wealth. Most people live in very small apartments in high-rise buildings. Drawing on a survey of more than 2,000 interviewees, this study explores household mobility and changes in consumption of residential space in Hong Kong. Space standards have increased for most households, although increases are small in absolute terms. Distinct from much of the international experience, changes in space consumption of movers appear to be driven mostly by the fundamental limits of household living arrangements under the tight space standards of Hong Kong. Household circumstances and the life-cycle effect also play a role. However, the aggregate level of space consumption is influenced by economic, social, and ecological factors more than the immediate circumstances of individual households.     

CALCIUM,MAGNESIUM AND POTASSIUM USE EFFICIENCY OF TROPICAL RAINFORESTS

A useful index of nutrient use efficiency (NUE) is the relationship between litterfall mass and the quantity of a nutrient returned to the ground by litterfall and by aqueous leaching from aboveground vegetative surfaces. Using previously published data, Ca, Mg and K use by tropical rainforests in widely separated geographic localities were considered in relation to the availability of these nutrient elements in the soil. Significant inverse relationships were found between Ca use efficiency and soil Ca availability (P < 0.001), and between Mg use efficiency and soil Mg availability (P < 0.01). The relationship was not found to be statistically significant for K (P > 0.1). The predicted inverse relationship between tropical rainforest NUE and soil fertility is evidently not consistent for all nutrient elements.     

中国旅游能源消耗与旅游经济增长的关联机制研究——基于空间面板数据模型

基于地理权重矩阵和经济权重矩阵,运用空间面板数据模型,探讨了2002～2010年中国30个省域旅游能源消耗与旅游经济增长的关联作用机制.研究结果表明：两种空间权重下,中国旅游能源消耗与旅游经济增长均呈现显著的正向空间相关性;旅游能源消耗不仅推动当地旅游经济的增长,还通过空间和经济传导机制对邻近区域的旅游经济产生正向的溢出效应;中国省域旅游能源消耗对旅游经济增长影响中,相对地理位置的影响大于经济差距的影响.     

西部地区的经济发展模式与碳排放量增长关系的实证研究

随着“西部大开发”战略的深入实施,西部地区已经成为我国经济发展最快的区域,然而西部经济的快速增长已经造成了碳排放量的犬幅增加,严重影响了我国节能减排目标的实现。为了有效地控制西部地区碳排放量的急速增加,我们必须全面分析引致西部碳排放量增加的主要因素。本文在已有研究的基础上,从西部地区产业转型和消费升级的视角出发,利用1991—2009年的省际面板数据对西部地区的经济发展模式与碳排放量增长之间的相关关系及其传导机制进行了实证检验。检验结果表明：自进入上世纪90年代以来,西部地区的经济发展与碳排放量增长之间存在显著的正相关关系,而且在西部大开发战略实施以后,这种关系更加显著。同时,检验还发现西部地区的消费升级和产业转型对碳排放量增加产生重要影响,其中三次产业间结构变动的影响系数达到16．4,二次产业内部采掘业和重工业比重上升的影响系数达到14．3,人均居住支出和人均交通支出的影响系数也分别达到5．6和6．5,而传统的人口规模、收入规模则对西部地区碳排放量的影响微弱。影响系数仅为0．73和0．86。因此在制定西部地区“十二五”节能减排战略时,需要更多的从消费升级和产业转型的视角出发。     

全球化背景下广州城市文化消费空间重构——以星巴克为例

在地理学“文化和空间转向”背景下,城市社会文化的关注渐渐成为城市研究和文化地理学研究中的热点.文中选择以茶楼为代表的传统茶文化消费和以星巴克为代表的新兴咖啡文化消费空间的冲突与变化为视角,结合问卷调查和深度访谈对以星巴克为代表的外来消费文化现象进行分析,从文化行为与心态层面归纳总结广州城市文化消费空间的重构及其内在机制.研究表明:在全球化影响下,星巴克咖啡消费空间的兴起,在广州培育了以中产阶级和学生为主的一批忠实的消费群体,对传统茶文化空间产生一定的冲击,伴随的是消费者“符号化”消费心理的膨胀及追求生活第     

Review on carbon emissions,energy consumption and low-carbon economy in China from a perspective of global climate change

Accompanying the rapid growth of China’s population and economy, energy consumption and carbon emission increased significantly from 1978 to 2012. China is now the largest energy consumer and CO₂ emitter of the world, leading to much interest in researches on the nexus between energy consumption, carbon emissions and low-carbon economy. This article presents the domestic Chinese studies on this hotpot issue, and we obtain the following findings. First, most research fields involve geography, ecology and resource economics, and research contents contained some analysis of current situation, factors decomposition, predictive analysis and the introduction of methods and models. Second, there exists an inverted “U-shaped” curve connection between carbon emission, energy consumption and economic development. Energy consumption in China will be in a low-speed growth after 2035 and it is expected to peak between 6.19–12.13 billion TCE in 2050. China’s carbon emissions are expected to peak in 2035, or during 2020 to 2045, and the optimal range of carbon emissions is between 2.4–3.3 PgC/year (1 PgC=1 billion tons C) in 2050. Third, future research should be focused on global carbon trading, regional carbon flows, reforming the current energy structure, reducing energy consumption and innovating the low-carbon economic theory, as well as establishing a comprehensive theoretical system of energy consumption, carbon emissions and low-carbon economy.     

荒漠绿洲区间作和密植对作物产量和水分利用效率的影响

针对间作种植模式下密植潜力薄弱、水资源不足、生产实践中难以同步提高产量和水分利用效率(WUE)的问题,在河西荒漠绿洲区通过大田试验研究了4个(5.25、6.00、6.75、7.50万株·hm^-2)玉米密度水平下玉米间作豌豆群体的产量和水分利用效率,以期为构建禾豆间作在密植条件下的高效节水技术提供理论依据。结果表明:玉米间作豌豆的土地当量比(LER)平均达到1.16,且LER随玉米密度的增大而增大。单位面积间作玉米的产量平均达到了相应单作的74.87%;随玉米密度的增大,作物产量的最大值均出现在高密度(6.75、7.50万株·hm^-2)处理中。间作0~120 cm土层平均土壤含水量平均低于单作玉米1.60%,但平均高于单作豌豆6.70%;两年内单作玉米和间作0~120 cm土层平均土壤含水量均在高密度(7.50万株·hm^-2)处理时最大。由于土壤贮水量、降雨量、灌水等诸多因素的影响,间作较单作增加了耗水量(ET),上述间作的ET比单作高19.23%~23.66%。与单作WUE加权平均相比较,间作的WUE分别高于单作11.08%、13.32%、18.86%和28.06%;不同玉米密度处理中,密度3(6.75万株·hm^-2)的WUE表现出了优势。因此,在河西荒漠绿洲区,同步提高作物产量和水分利用效率的有效措施之一是间作和密植条件。