中国城镇居民国内旅游消费模式

以往学术文献主要探讨旅游消费行为的局部特征,而本文旨在基于中国社会经济和文化背景下对旅游消费模式进行整体性探究,试图发现中国城镇居民国内旅游的普遍规律。本研究于2010年1月至3月对全国15个城镇的2500名居民进行了抽样调查,藉由前期质性研究提取的核心变量提炼出我国城镇居民国内旅游消费的基本模式。研究表明:(1)我国城镇居民参加国内旅游的消费模式有三种,分别为积极主动型、中间型和消极被动型;(2)这三种基本国内旅游消费模式在其旅游消费行为方面存在显著的分异现象和规律;(3)这三种基本旅游消费模式的旅游者在人口统计特征方面存在显著的差异;(4)旅游动机、旅游涉入、目的地选择因素的重视程度、对各类景观的兴趣程度等具有显著正相关。     

长三角地区旅游业能源消耗的CO2排放测度研究

旅游业与气候环境变化息息相关,低碳旅游是旅游业对气候变化的积极响应,也是低碳经济的延伸,将会给全球旅游业带来深远影响。但目前国内大部分有关低碳旅游的研究仍停留在定性阶段,尤其是旅游业碳排放的测度研究仍比较薄弱。本文在深入分析和总结国内外已有研究的基础上,以能源消耗平衡表为依据,借鉴"旅游消费剥离系数"概念,构建出符合我国目前统计口径的旅游业碳排放测度方法。并以长江三角洲地区为研究范围,对江苏、浙江和上海三地旅游业碳排放进行测度和对比分析。研究表明:目前在长三角地区,旅游业碳排放总量持续攀升,并与旅游业总收入成正相关。其中旅游交通仓储和邮电业碳排放在旅游业碳排放总量中占主导地位,而旅游餐饮、住宿和购物过程中的碳排放也不容忽视。旅游收入增长与旅游低碳化发展的矛盾仍然十分突出,迫切需要转变旅游业发展方式。     

1998-2008年中国农作物化肥消费的时空分异(英文)

The agricultural and land policies in China are always focused on protecting its food supply and security because of the country’s large population and improved diets.The crop production guide ’Take Grain as the Key Link’ prompted peasants to plant grain on most of the agricultural land,leading to the majority of fertilizer being used in grain crops for many years in China.This situation has changed dramatically in recent years.Based on data pertaining to provincial crops sown area and fertilizer use per unit area in 1998 and 2008,the temporal and spatial variations of China’s fertilizer consumption by crops were analyzed at the provincial level,and the results are presented here.(1) Fertilizer consumption in China grew strongly in the last decade,while the growth was mainly attributable to the increase of fertilizer con-sumption by horticultural crops.The fertilizer consumption of grain crops dropped from 71.0% in 1998 to 57.8% in 2008.Thus,it is concluded that the emphasis of fertilizer consumption is shifting toward horticultural crops.(2) There were marked differences in the growth rates of fertilizer consumption from the regional point of view.The national average growth rate of fertilizer consumption was 31.9% during 1998-2008.The western and northeastern parts of the country came close to the national average,while the eastern part was lower,with an average of 13.0%,and central China was much higher(50.8%).The increase of fertilizer consumption in central and west China was higher than the other zones,which already ac-counted for 77.9% of the national total.Thus,it is concluded that the consumption emphasis of chemical fertilizer shifts toward the central and western regions.(3) The decline of fertilizer consumption by grain crops was largely due to the decrease in sown area compared with the increase by vegetable crops attributable to the enlarging sown area;the increase by orchard crops was affected by both expanding the sown area and fertilizer use per unit area.     

中国能源消费“零增长”何时到来

本文总结了发达国家能源消费“零增长”区域经济社会及能源消费指标的特征, 结合中国实际, 运用人均能源消费“S”形规律, 综合各部门未来能源需求趋势的判断, 全面预测了中国未来25年的能源需求。指出中国能源消费“零增长”将在2030-2035年间到来, “零增长”点的能源需求总量将达43.6亿吨油当量, 人均能源消费量2.98吨油当量。     

我国区域性矿产资源需求差异与趋势分析

本文测算了我国各地区的粗钢消费量, 计算了长三角、珠三角、环渤海以及我国中、东、西部三种矿产资源消费总量以及人均消费量, 对比分析了各地区以及发达国家在同一人均GDP水平下的三种矿产资源消费差异, 分析了各地区能源、水泥、粗钢的消费趋势。研究表明, 东部地区粗钢、水泥的人均消费即将到达峰值, 而能源消费峰值的到达还需要10年时间; 中、西部地区粗钢、水泥消费峰值将在10年内到达, 能源消费峰值的到达仍需15年时间。     

乌苏里江唇鲳耗氧率和窒息点的初步研究

进行不同温度和不同规格人工养殖的乌苏里江唇（Hemibarbus labeo）耗氧量（MO2）、耗氧率（WO2）和窒息点（SO2）的初步测定。结果表明：水温16-28℃范围内,随着水温的升高,耗氧率、耗氧量和窒息点都表现出增大的变化趋势。温度和耗氧率的回归方程：1龄鱼体重11 g的为WO2=0.0142T-0.0863（R2=0.9617）,2龄鱼体重60 g的为WO2=0.0138T-0.1121（R^2=0.97）;温度和窒息点的回归方程：1龄鱼体重8 g的为SO2=0.0298T-0.1891（R^2=0.977 8）,2龄鱼体重40 g的为SO2=0.048 8T-0.402 5（R^2=0.999 7）。体重20-100 g范围内,水温25℃时,随着体重规格的增大,耗氧量逐渐升高,耗氧率逐渐减小。体重和耗氧率的回归方程为WO2=0.7825W-0.2898（R2=0.947 4）,体重和耗氧量的回归方程为MO2=0.7837W0.7097（R^2=0.991 6）。唇鱼的昼夜耗氧率（水温25℃,体重72 g）有一定的变化趋势,早间4-10时耗氧率较高,平均在0.332±0.046 mg/（g.h）,午间11-19时中等,在0.287±0.030 mg/（g.h）,晚间20-3时较低,在0.251±0.029 mg/（g.h）。     

海河流域平原浅层地下水消耗与可持续利用

通过对海河流域平原区地下水储量消耗过程、空间分布及机理研究,揭示了区内地下水系统与相邻层圈之间水分通量因人为活动影响而发生剧变的规律,并在现状开采与补给条件下警告性预测了地下水资源可持续利用前景.     

孕镶金刚石圆锯片的功耗

从理论和实践上研究孕镶金刚石圆锯片的单位体积破碎功与金刚石的粒径，浓度及工作间隙等因素的关系，研究认为，工作间隙较大者功耗较小。     

A study to explain the emission of nitric oxide from a marsh soil

In the period 18–21 September 1989, soil NO emission was studied at Halvergate Marshes, Norfolk (U.K.) within the framework of the BIATEX-LOVENOX joint field experiment. Using a dynamic chamber technique, 186 measurements at four plots were performed showing a net NO flux of 7.2–14.6×10^–12 kgN m^–2 s^–1. Soil samples from a soil profile (1.0 m) at a representative site and from the uppermost layer (0.1 m) of each of the four plots were sent to the laboratory for (a) detailed physical and chemical soil analysis, (b) determination of NO production rates, NO uptake rate constants, and NO compensation mixing ratios, and (c) characterization of the microbial processes involved. A diffusive model (Galbally and Johansson, 1989) was applied to the laboratory results to infer NO fluxes of the individual soil samples. When we compared these fluxes with those measured in the field, we found agreement within a factor 2–4. Furthermore, laboratory studies showed, that NO was produced and consumed only in the upper soil layer (0–0.1 m depth) and that the NO production and consumption activities observed in the Halvergate marsh soil were most probably due to the anaerobic metabolism of denitrifying bacteria operating in anaerobic microniches within the generally aerobic soil.     

新疆能源工业发展战略初探

能源是人类赖以生存和社会经济发展的物质基础与重要支柱。能源利用的每一次突破，都会把人类社会推向更高的发展阶段。抓住我国能源战略西移的大好机遇，依托得天独厚的能源资源，确立并实施新疆能源工业发展战略，是促进全疆国民经济快速、高效、健康、持续发展的重要保证.