骨架矿物—粘土矿物碱耗协同效应研究

选择了克拉玛依油田二中区Ｔ２ｋ１砂砾岩储层中的六种储层矿物,石英,正长石,微斜长石,Ｃａ－蒙脱石,高岭石,伊利石。在不同的条件下研究了这六种矿物的碱耗量,还研究骨架矿物与粘土矿物按照一定的质量配比而成的复配矿物的碱耗量,探讨了矿物碱耗的协同效应,结果表明单矿物的碱耗序列为,蒙脱石（Ｓ）〉高岭石（Ｋ）〉伊利石（Ｉ）〉微斜长石（Ｍ）〉石英（Ｑ）〉正长石（Ｊ）,复配物的碱耗总体上受粘土矿物控制,尤其是蒙     

基于DMSP/OLS稳定夜间灯光数据的中国1995-2008年电力消费量时空动态研究(英文)

Electric power consumption (EPC) is one of the basic indices for evaluating electric power use. Obtaining timely and accurate data on the spatiotemporal dynamics of EPC is crucial for understanding and practical deployment of electric power resources. In this study, an EPC model was developed using stable nighttime lights time-series data from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Operational Linescan System (DMSP/OLS). The model was used to reconstruct the spatial patterns of EPC in Chinese Mainland at the county level from 1995 to 2008. In addition, the spatiotemporal dynamics of EPC were analyzed, and the fol-lowing conclusions were drawn. (1) The EPC model reliably represented the spatiotemporal dynamics of EPC in Chinese Mainland with approximately 70% accuracy. (2) The EPC in most regions of Chinese Mainland was at low to moderate levels, with marked temporal and spatial variations; of high-level EPC, 58.26% was concentrated in eastern China. Six urban agglomerations (Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan region, Shanghai-Nanjing-Hangzhou region, Pearl River Delta, Shandong Peninsula, middle-south of Liaoning Province, and Sichuan Basin) accounted for 10.69% of the total area of Chinese Mainland but consumed 39.23% of the electricity. (3) The EPC of most regions in Chinese Mainland increased from 1995 to 2008, and 64% of the mainland area showed a significant increase in EPC. Moderate increases in EPC were found in 61.62% of eastern China and 80.65% of central China from 1995 to 2008, whereas 75.69% of western China showed no significant increase in EPC. Meanwhile, 77.27%, 89.35%, and 66.72% of the Shanghai-Nanjing-Hangzhou region, Pearl River Delta, and Shandong Peninsula, respectively, showed high-speed increases in EPC. Moderate increases in EPC occurred in 71.12% and 72.13% of the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan region and middle-south of Liaoning Province, respectively, while no significant increase occurred in 56.34% of the Sichuan Basin.     

由分段供水向全天候供水的可行性研究 --以赵各庄矿为例

根 据 开 滦 集 团 赵 各 庄 矿 业 公 司 水 文 地 质 情 况 和 居 民 用 水 的 现 状 ,提 出 全 天 供 水 的 新 观 念 ,即 将 全 年 需 集 中强 排 的 水量 变 为 人 们日 常 生 活 的用 水 量 ,既 解 决 了 分 时 间 段 供 水 给 职 工 生 活 造 成 的 不 便 ,提 高 了 人 们 的 生 活 质 量 ,又 合理 的 利用 了水 资 源,而且 还可 以 降低 奥灰 水 对安 全生 产 的威 胁。     

当前固体矿产勘查评价中几个问题的探讨

建议:一、将资源/储量核实报告中消耗的资源量不赋予资源/储量类别,用消耗二字拼音的首字母"XH"来代替;但应说明消耗的是原"报告"中什么类别的资源/储量及本次工作各类资源/储量的变化情况。二、地质报告中"矿体"的划分应根据成矿时有用矿物聚积体的赋存状态来划分,而不是以现在的存在方式来划分;三、勘查线剖面的终点应标注在倾斜方向或按左东右西的原则标注在方位角小的端点处,方位为正北时取360°。     

甘肃陇中黄土高原农业灌溉耗水系数监测试验研究

选择甘肃省临洮县洮惠渠灌区为试验研究区,通过直接观读、自动监测等技术手段,获取试验灌区的引水量、退水量、土壤墒情、降水量及蒸发量等水文基础数据。以水文监测基础数据为依据,采用引排差法、水分平衡法等相结合的方法,开展了农业灌溉耗水系数试验研究。初步试验结果表明:试验灌区灌溉期平均耗水系数为0. 730,典型地块灌溉期平均耗水系数为0. 671,2016年试验灌区降水量较常年偏少13. 0%~26. 3%,总体上属轻度干旱年份。该研究成果可为甘肃陇中黄土高原区水资源管理提供技术支撑。     

西北四省(区)2000年的水资源足迹

水资源足迹是如实反映人类对水资源消费利用的新概念,能深刻揭示社会经济系统对水资源的消费,为干旱缺水地区水资源科学管理提供了一个新视角.提出了水资源足迹的概念和衡量方法,引进了虚拟水概念,简要介绍了产品虚拟水计算方法,并以新疆、青海、甘肃和陕西为例,计算分析了2000年各省水资源足迹.结果表明,2000年西北四省(区)总的水足迹是为613.3×108m3,人均水足迹为712.3m3·人-1·a-1和1952L·人-1·d-1,高于统计的水资源利用量.以虚拟水概念为基础的水资源足迹更真实地衡量了社会经济系统对水资源的消费利用状况,为解决区域水资源短缺和创新水资源管理体制提供了新思路,产品形式的虚拟水贸易是平衡水资源赤字、维持区域水安全的有效工具.     

基于能源消费的中国不同产业空间的碳足迹分析

Using energy consumption and land use data of each region of China in 2007,this paper established carbon emission and carbon footprint model based on energy consumption,and estimated the carbon emission amount of fossil energy and rural biomass energy of dif-ferent regions of China in 2007.Through matching the energy consumption items with indus-trial spaces,this paper divided industrial spaces into five types:agricultural space,living & industrial-commercial space,transportation industrial space,fishery and water conservancy space,and other industrial space.Then the author analyzed the carbon emission intensity and carbon footprint of each industrial space.Finally,advices of decreasing industrial carbon footprint and optimizing industrial space pattern were put forward.The main conclusions are as following:(1) Total amount of carbon emission from energy consumption of China in 2007 was about 1.65 GtC,in which the proportion of carbon emission from fossil energy was 89%.(2) Carbon emission intensity of industrial space of China in 2007 was 1.98 t/hm2,in which,carbon emission intensity of living & industrial-commercial space and of transportation in-dustrial space was 55.16 t/hm2 and 49.65 t/hm2 respectively,they were high-carbon-emission industrial spaces among others.(3) Carbon footprint caused by industrial activities of China in 2007 was 522.34 106 hm2,which brought about ecological deficit of 28.69 106 hm2,which means that the productive lands were not sufficient to compensate for carbon footprint of industrial activities,and the compensating rate was 94.5%.As to the regional carbon footprint,several regions have ecological profit while others have not.In general,the present ecologi-cal deficit caused by industrial activities was small in 2007.(4) Per unit area carbon footprint of industrial space in China was about 0.63 hm2/hm2 in 2007,in which that of living & indus-trial-commercial space was the highest (17.5 hm2/hm2).The per unit area carbon footprint of different industrial spaces all presented a declining trend from east to west of China.     

中国化肥利用率的区域分异

据全国各县近10年的化肥施用量和粮食产量数据，并从不同年份单位播种面积粮食产量和肥料施用量的变化，求出相应不施肥产量和通过施肥可能达到的最高产量，并以上述结果为基础计算出该地区化肥利用率，研究结果表明：当前我国化肥施用的地区差异明显，施用量较集中范围是180－270kg/hm^2和90－180kg/hm^2，部分地区的化肥施用已经过量；单位化肥的粮食产出率主要集中在10－30kg/kg，化肥利用率大多集中在15％－35％，且与化肥施用量有关，按地区统计，高施肥量区化肥施用明显过量，平均达339kg/hm^2，是全国平均用量（262kg/hm^2)的1．29倍，中施肥量区单位面积化肥平均施用量为252kg/hm^2，略低于全国平均水平，低施肥量区则仅为178kg/hm^2，是全国平均的67．8％，我国单位化肥的生产效率及化肥利用率均以低施肥量区最高，分别为17．5kg/kg和39．8％，中施肥量区为13．7和36。     

Impact of the shrinking winter wheat sown area on agricultural water consumption in the Hebei Plain简

This study firstly analyzed the shrinkage of winter wheat and the changes of crop- ping systems in the Hebei Plain from 1998 to 2010 based on the agricultural statistic data of 11 cities and meteorological data, including daily temperature, precipitation, water vapor, wind speed and minimum relative humidity data from 22 meteorological stations, and then calcu- lated the water deficit and irrigation water resources required by different cropping systems, as well as the irrigation water resources conserved as a result of cropping system changes, using crop coefficient method and every ten-day effective precipitation estimation method. The results are as follows. 1） The sown areas of winter wheat in the 11 cities in the Hebei Plain all shrunk during the study period. The shrinkage rate was 16.07% and the total shrinkage area amounted to 49.62×10^4 ha. The shrinkage was most serious in the Bei- jing-Tianjin-Tangshan metropolitan agglomerate, with a shrinkage rate of 47.23%. 2） The precipitation fill rate of winter wheat was only 20%-30%, while those of spring maize and summer maize both exceeded 50%. The irrigation water resources demanded by the winter wheat-summer maize double cropping system ranged from 400 mm to 530 mm, while those demanded by the spring maize single cropping system ranged only from 160 mm to 210 ram. 3） The water resources conserved as a result of the winter wheat sown area shrinkage during the study period were about 15.96×10^8 m^3/a, accounting for 27.85% of those provided for Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei by the first phase of the Mid-Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project.     

兰州大学(盘旋路校区)2003年生态足迹调查分析

人均消费产品的数量是计算区域人均生态足迹关键和基础的一步。通过实地问卷调查，运用自下而上法收集资料，计算小尺度生态足迹。兰州大学(盘旋路校区)2003年的生态足迹计算结果为：人均生态足迹0．892hm^2，男、女生的人均生态足迹分别为0．976hm^2和0．788hm^2。这些数据与全国或者西部的人均生态足迹相比明显偏低，但总生态足迹为4119．3hm^2，是校园面积的73．7倍。因此，应合理利用自然资源，减少学生的生态足迹，真正做到可持续发展。