河西走廊地区路基阴阳坡效应及合理高度分析

河西走廊是丝绸之路的咽喉,区域内季节冻土路基的稳定性对亚欧大陆运输通道有重要影响。以张掖地区季节冻土路基为例,基于传热学及弹塑性变形理论探讨了路基在阴阳坡效应下的地温和变形分布;通过比较路基最大冻结深度到地下水位的距离与毛细水最大上升高度,得到河西走廊地区路基合理高度的确定方法及拟合公式,来表示其与地下水位以及年平均气温的相互关系。结果表明：张掖地区路基阴阳坡效应明显,阴坡冻结时间比阳坡长2个月;1月阴阳坡的温差最大,达到3℃;2月,路基的竖向最大位移达到26 mm,横向位移差达到6 mm;路基合理高度随年平均气温的升高而逐渐降低,随地下水位的增加而逐渐变大,其随年平均气温的变化幅度小于地下水。该研究可定性分析路基合理高度与年平均气温、地下水位的关系,为河西走廊地区定量计算路基高度提供理论参考。     

河西走廊内陆河流域农户地下水使用的影响因素分析

在农业与生态系统用水相矛盾的干旱内陆区,地下水过度开采导致生态环境急剧恶化。以往对地下水的管理,以政府直接控制地下水使用为主,但效果并不十分理想,或管理成本较大。因此,寻求间接调控地下水使用的措施成为更好的选择。以河西走廊的石羊河、黑河和疏勒河流域为例,以农户问卷调查数据为依据,探究影响农户使用地下水的关键因素,以寻求通过制定更有针对性的政策来影响农户节约并高效利用地下水,最终达到农户自下而上自发节水的效果。分析结果发现：农户对地下水的使用在不同阶段有不同的特征,但均强烈地依赖于地表水供给,地表水供给每增加1个轮次,单位公顷耕地地表水用量会增加237.3 m³,相应会减少795.2 m³的地下水,整体上平均减少504.1 m³的总用水量,地下水占灌溉总用水的比例也会下降3.7%。此外,地下水的使用还与家庭经营规模、经营模式、地下水供给条件及经营者偏好等因素密切相关。因此,政府应根据流域内地表水与地下水的综合条件和特点,结合农业生产特征和农户偏好,因地制宜制定政府主导的管理政策与农户自我调节能力有效结合的开发治理制度和方案,切实实现区域水资源节约与高效利用双重目标。     

Integrated assessment model of water resources constraint intensity on urbanization in arid area

Water has become a key restricting factor of the urbanization process in developing arid areas. Based on qualitative and quantitative methods, we constructed an integrated indicator system to assess the status of water resources and urbanization system in arid area, and established an AHP model reformed by entropy technology to evaluate the temporal and spatial variations of water resources constraint intensity on urbanization. This model is applied to the Hexi Corridor, a typical arid area in NW China. Results show that, water resources constraint intensity on urbanization in the Hexi Corridor is bigger in the east and smaller in the west. It has changed from the less strong constraint type into the strong constraint type from 1985 to 2005, yet it decreased appreciably in recent years. At present, most areas in the Hexi Corridor belong to the less strong or strong constraint type. Through rational adjustment of water resources and urbanization system, the Hexi Corridor can still promote water resources sustainable utilization and accelerate the urbanization process. This study suggests that the integrated assessment model of water resources constraint intensity on urbanization is an effective method to analyze the conflicts between water resources and urbanization system in arid area.     

Petrology, Geochemistry and Zircon U-Pb Geochronology of the Xiangshan Group in the Eastern Hexi Corridor Belt: Implications for Provenance and Tectonic Evolution

The eastern Hexi Corridor Belt (HCB) is located in the transitional belt among the Alxa Block, the Qilian Orogenic Belt and the North China Block. Because of its unique tectonic location, the tectonic setting, provenance, and even the age of the sedimentary strata in the eastern HCB during the Early Paleozoic remain controversial. This study analyzes the provenance of the poorly studied Xiangshan Group, discusses its age of development and tectonic setting in the eastern HCB using a combination of petrological, geochemical and LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon dating methods. Based on the youngest age peaks and the fossil evidence, we suggest that the Xiangshan Group is Middle Cambrian to Late Ordovician in age. The complexity of the geochemical characteristics and associated diagrams suggests that the early stage of the Xiangshan Group developed in a passive continental margin environment, late in the back-arc basin of the eastern HCB. Based on the sandstone detrital composition, whole-rock geochemistry and detrital zircon ages, we conclude that the Xiangshan Group had an early provenance that was mainly from the Qilian Block and a late provenance from the Qilian Block and the western Alxa Block. The eastern HCB and its northern and southern blocks have similar palaeontology, lithology and basement age characteristics to the South China Block. This indicates that the eastern HCB might not have formed in the intra-continental aulacogen of the North China Block during the Early Paleozoic but has a close affinity to eastern Gondwana.     

Late Mesozoic-Cenozoic Exhumation of the Northern Hexi Corridor: Constrained by Apatite Fission Track Ages of the Longshoushan

The apatite fission track (AFT) ages and thermal modeling of the Longshoushan and deformation along the northern Hexi Corridor on the northern side of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau show that the Longshoushan along the northern corridor had experienced important multi-stage exhumations during the Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic. The AFT ages of 7 samples range from 31.9 Ma to 111.8 Ma. Thermal modeling of the AFT ages of the samples shows that the Longshoushan experienced significant exhumation during the Late Cretaceous to the Early Cenozoic (~130–25 Ma). The Late Cretaceous exhumation of the Longshoushan may have resulted from the continuous compression between the Lhasa and Qiangtang blocks and the flat slab subduction of the Neo-Tethys oceanic plate, which affected wide regions across the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. During the Early Cenozoic, the Longshoushan still experienced exhumation, but this process was caused by the Indian-Eurasian collision. Since this time, the Longshoushan was in a stable stage for approximately 20 Ma and experienced erosion. Since ~5 Ma, obvious tectonic deformation occurred along the entire northern Hexi Corridor, which has also been reported from the peripheral regions of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, especially in the Qilianshan and northeastern margin of the plateau. The AFT ages and the Late Cenozoic deformation of the northern Hexi Corridor all indicate that the present northern boundary of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is situated along the northern Hexi Corridor.     

武威地电台映震能力讨论

本文研究了武威地电台周围１５０ｋｍ范围内发生的景泰６．２、门源６．４、天祝西４．７、旦马５．６、雅布赖４．７级地震和共和７．０级地震（△＝２７０ｋｍ）该台地电阻率（ρｓ）变化，结果显示：对于前４次地震，该台ＥＷ道测值出现１０＾－１－１０＾－２量级的ρｓ短临异常，共和和雅布赖地震前后观测到１０＾－１量级的ρｓ短期下降异常。作者研究认为，ρｓ异常可以是该台ＥＷ道探测范围内介质不完整，孕震后期震源力学过     

Stories of space and subjectivity in planning the Multimedia Super Corridor

The Malaysian government has embarked on an ambitious refashioning of the nation called Vision 2020 in pursuit of its goal of becoming a ‘developed country’. A pivotal component of this ‘vision’ is the planning and provision of information technology (IT) infrastructure in a multi-billion dollar urban mega-project called the Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC). The purpose of my paper is twofold. First, I situate an official planning document for the MSC entitled Physical Design Guidelines for the Multimedia Super Corridor in the activity of transnational planning practice. Second, I argue that a thematic series of organizing planning concepts and practices can be identified in this document. These concepts and practices work in two ways: first, by representing highly positioned notions of sub-urban, middle-class urban design conventional in specific North American cities as universally applicable to, and desirable for, the broader national development goals the MSC is intended to lead; second, by creating a ‘total image’ for the MSC that suggests an apparently seamless relationship between the MSC and the proper citizens for it at every imaginable scale. One important effect of these plans is the material transformation of a rural landscape of and for production into an urban landscape of and for consumption. This transformation raises the question of who can belong to the ‘nation’ being (re)imagined via the MSC.     

气候变暖对河西走廊棉花生长的影响

Based on the 1983-2002 cotton biological records and surface meteorological observations at Dunhuang agrometeolorogical station, impact of climate warming on cotton (Gossypium arboreum L.) in the Hexi oases in the arid Northwest China was studied. Results show that the growing season of cotton moved up in spring while postponed in autumn due to the climate warming from 1983 to 2002, thus prolonging the growing period of cotton in the Hexi Corridor area, which contributed to the increase in cotton's yield in the Hexi oases.     

中巴经济走廊泥石流活动性分析 ——以中巴公路奥布段为例

中巴经济走廊内的中巴公路奥布段泥石流频发且类型复杂,严重影响着安全出行和贸易流通。在对中巴公路奥布段沿线泥石流沟谷纵剖面形态分析的基础上,揭示其形态指数特征和活动程度,并从区域地形、地质和气象等因素方面探讨了泥石流的活动性差异成因及危害性。研究发现：公路沿线泥石流类型主要包括冰川型和降雨型两种,冰川型泥石流为27条,降雨型为26条。冰川型泥石流活动性强烈,形态指数N ≥ 1的沟谷占冰川型沟谷总数的81%,多数沟谷形态呈下凹状;降雨型泥石流活动性相对较弱,形态指数N ≥ 1的沟谷占其总数的50%,沟谷形态多呈上凸状。研究区大落差地形、不同物源供给和充沛水源条件等对泥石流的发育和活动具有重要影响,也是不同类型泥石流活动性差异的控制因素。研究结果可为研究区泥石流预测和防治提供指导,也可为中巴经济走廊区内交通工程选线和泥石流防治提供参考。     

2004－2014年河西走廊荒漠化草地生态系统服务价值估算

草地是干旱、半干旱区面积占优势的生态系统,在时间尺度上对其进行生态系统服务价值评估是判断区域生态系统处于改善或退化的主要途径。基于野外调查和遥感分类解译划分的河西走廊荒漠化草地基础数据,首次建立了河西走廊不同类型、不同程度荒漠化草地生态系统服务价值计算和修正方案,评估了第三次（2004年）、第四次（2009年）和第五次（2014年）荒漠化监测期河西走廊荒漠化草地生态系统服务价值动态变化及服务价值结构。结果表明：（1）2004—2014年间河西走廊草地荒漠化呈现轻微逆转趋势,荒漠化草地面积由519.7万 hm²减少至357.7万 hm²;（2）10年间河西走廊荒漠化草地生态系统服务总价值以损失为主,损失量达209亿元;（3）河西走廊荒漠化草地生态系统服务总价值在时空分布、荒漠化类型和程度方面存在显著差异;（4）河西走廊荒漠化草地生态系统服务倾向于气候调节、净化环境和水文调节功能。