中国内陆河西五市对外出口的路径演化：类型、过程、特征及驱动机制

中国多数内陆城市常年处于出口产品空间“边缘区”,如何打破原有路径依赖,真正打造“对外开放新高地”,对于区域产业结构转型与升级具有重要意义。本文利用2000—2016年中国海关产品贸易数据和企业、政府实地调研数据,通过动态二元边际分解和产业转型升级水平测度,对中国内陆城市河西五市对外出口路径演化过程及机制进行了探讨。结果表明：① 河西五市对外出口路径大致可以被划分为两类。第一,酒泉、武威和张掖三市正处于从对外出口的初始路径创造到路径分化的探索阶段,且开始尝试由出口产品空间“边缘区”向“核心区”跳跃。第二,嘉峪关和金昌两市经过对外出口初始路径创造、深化阶段已进入对外出口路径锁定-需路径突破的新阶段,但依旧处于出口产品空间“边缘区”。② 河西五市两大类路径主要受政策主导,并在技术创新、贸易壁垒、信息网络和交通网络共同驱动下进行演化,这与东部地区存在显著差别。③ 河西地区两类路径的演化机制存在差异。受宏观历史政策的影响,酒泉、武威和张掖三市早期对外出口路径演化滞后,但自2000年以来,在一系列的政策作用下,对外出口路径演化开始趋于分化;而嘉峪关和金昌虽然早期积累了大量技术和人才优势,路径演化较快,但受企业惯性影响,后期陷入“刚性专业化”陷阱。研究结果有助于中国内陆欠发达城市探寻对外贸易路径突破的有效途径。     

Culturable bacterial diversity in hypolithic and peripheral soils in the west of the Hexi Corridor desert and its influencing factors

Microbes inhabiting the desert respond sensitively to environmental changes and may be an indicator for changes in the desert ecosystem.Hypolithic microbial communities in the desert play a vital role in ecosystem processes such as soil formation and organic matter accumulation.This study investigated and compared the culturable bacterial community structure and diversity in hypolithic and peripheral soils,and the interaction between bacteria and environmental factors.The bacteria were isolated using four different kinds of media and identified by 16S rRNA gene-sequence analysis.The numbers of culturable bacteria in the hypolithic and peripheral soils ranged from 3.0×104 to 3.6×105 CFU/g and from 6.5×104 to 5.3×105 CFU/g,respectively,indicating that the bacteria number in peripheral soil was higher than that in hypolithic soil.A total of 98 species belonging to 34 genera were identified,among which Arthrobacter,Bacillus,and Streptomyces were found dominantly and widely distributed.The community of culturable bacteria had obvious sample specificity,and the diversity in hypolithic soil was higher than that in peripheral soil.On the regional scale,the distribution of culturable bacteria and the environmental factors showed regular changes.On the local scale,the high heterogeneity of the hypolithic environment determined the specificity of the number and species of culturable bacteria.     

Vulnerability and adaptation of an oasis social–ecological system affected by glacier change in an arid region of northwestern China

The Hexi Inland River Basin in an arid region of northwestern China was chosen as the study area for this research. The authors define the vulnerability of an oasis social-ecological system to glacier change; select 16 indicators from natural and socioeconomic systems according to exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity; and construct a vulnerability-assessment indicator system aimed at an inland river basin in the arid region of Northwestern China. Vulnerability of the oasis socialecological system affected by glacier change in the study area is evaluated by Spatial Principal Component Analysis(SPCA) under the circumstance of glacier change. The key factors affecting the vulnerability are analyzed. The vulnerability of the oasis social-ecological system in the Hexi Inland River Basin affected by glacier change is of more than medium grade, accounting for about 48.0% of the total number of counties in the study area. In terms of the spatial pattern of the vulnerability, the oasis economic belt is the most vulnerable. With the rapid development of the area's society and economy, the exposure of the system to glacial changes is significantly increased; and an increase in glacial meltwater is not enough to overcome the impact of increased exposure, which is the main reason for the high vulnerability. Based on the result of the vulnerability analysis and combined with the present industrial structure in the Hexi Inland River Basin, near-,medium-, and long-term adaptation initiatives are put forward in the article.     

河西地区地表感热特征分析

利用河西地区13个测站的资料和金塔试验资料,通过聚类分析和小波分析等研究方法,分析了河西地区地表感热的变化特征,结果表明:河西地区13个站感热输送的最大值一般出现在5月或6月,最小值出现在12月。3~4月份普遍急剧增大,在10~11月急剧减少。近50年间,河西地区大部分台站春季感热输送呈上升趋势,夏季呈明显的下降趋势。春季感热通量的主要显著性周期为3年。河西地区中部春季感热变化与风速、地气温差变化的相关关系都比较好,在河西西部春季感热变化与风速的相关关系较好,而在河西东部春季感热变化与地气温差的相关关系较好。     

河西走廊近40 a气候生产潜力特征研究

 根据河西走廊20个气象台站1971—2006年4—9月温度和降水资料,采用Thornthwaite Memorial模型计算气候生产潜力,使用Mann-Kendall检验、EOF经验正交函数、敏感性分析等研究其时空变化特征。分析表明,河西走廊农业气候资源与地理分布显著相关,东南部明显优于西北部。气候变化显著趋暖,气候生产潜力减少趋势明显,减少中心向西偏移,严重限制了西部农业发展。气候生产潜力对温度响应东部比西部明显,特别是祁连山东段增暖增益显著;对降水响应西部比东部明显,尤其是西部及临近沙漠边缘地带干旱区增湿增益显著; 暖湿效应使气候生产潜力普遍增加。在农业集中区降水对气候生产潜力影响比温度显著,从根本上看降水是研究区域农业增产的首要因素。     

河西走廊带与澳大利亚的亲缘性 ——来自牛首山中寒武统碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素的证据

在河西走廊带东端牛首山地区中寒武统的沉积岩中开展碎屑锆石原位LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年和Hf同位素研究。结果表明,所采样品U-Pb年龄谱存在3个峰值：0.6~0.8Ga(峰值为669Ma)、1.0~1.3Ga(峰值为1173Ma)、1.6~1.8Ga(峰值为1710Ma),明显区别于河西走廊带寒武系之上地层中的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄谱。碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄谱和Hf同位素特征表明, 典型的格林威尔期的物质和峰值为1710Ma的碎屑物质可能源于澳大利亚西南部,与现有的古生物学和古地磁学研究结果相吻合;中奥陶世随着北祁连洋的进一步扩张及其古地理位置的变化,碎屑物质的源区也随之变化,河西走廊带开始出现0.8~1.0Ga晋宁期的碎屑物质;晚奥陶世后由于祁连山的造山隆起、剥蚀、风化,河西走廊带记录了该地区0.4~0.5Ga的碎屑物质。     

WATER RESOURCE IN QILIAN MOUNTAINOUS REGION AND ITS INFLUENCE ON ECO－ENVIRONMENT OF HEXI CORRIDOR

ＷＡＴＥＲＲＥＳＯＵＲＣＥＩＮＱＩＬＩＡＮＭＯＵＮＴＡＩＮＯＵＳＲＥＧＩＯＮＡＮＤＩＴＳＩＮＦＬＵＥＮＣＥＯＮＥＣＯ－ＥＮＶＩＲＯＮＭＥＮＴＯＦＨＥＸＩＣＯＲＲＩＤＯＲ￥ＣｈｅｎＣｈａｎｇｙｕ（ＭｅｔｅｏｒｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＢｕｒｅａｕｏｆＧａｎｓｕＰ...     

中巴经济走廊泥石流活动性分析 ——以中巴公路奥布段为例

中巴经济走廊内的中巴公路奥布段泥石流频发且类型复杂,严重影响着安全出行和贸易流通。在对中巴公路奥布段沿线泥石流沟谷纵剖面形态分析的基础上,揭示其形态指数特征和活动程度,并从区域地形、地质和气象等因素方面探讨了泥石流的活动性差异成因及危害性。研究发现：公路沿线泥石流类型主要包括冰川型和降雨型两种,冰川型泥石流为27条,降雨型为26条。冰川型泥石流活动性强烈,形态指数N ≥ 1的沟谷占冰川型沟谷总数的81%,多数沟谷形态呈下凹状;降雨型泥石流活动性相对较弱,形态指数N ≥ 1的沟谷占其总数的50%,沟谷形态多呈上凸状。研究区大落差地形、不同物源供给和充沛水源条件等对泥石流的发育和活动具有重要影响,也是不同类型泥石流活动性差异的控制因素。研究结果可为研究区泥石流预测和防治提供指导,也可为中巴经济走廊区内交通工程选线和泥石流防治提供参考。     

甘肃河西地区2000-2019年水土资源耦合协调特征

以甘肃河西地区为研究区,采用耦合协调度模型和农业水土资源匹配系数法分别对河西五市和河西走廊三大内陆河中游地区水土耦合协调情况进行量化研究,并以此为基础通过灰色关联度法分析水土资源耦合协调度影响因素.结果表明:(1)2000-2019年,河西五市水土资源耦合协调度整体提升了 64.65％,由濒临失调转换为初级协调,呈现不...     

1957—2006年河西走廊中部气候变化对水资源的影响

利用河西走廊中部1957—2006年6个气象站的气候资料,对气温、降水的变化特征以及由此引起的水资源的变化进行统计分析.结果表明:年平均气温整体以0.40℃.(10a)-1的速率上升,气温偏高主要是在冬季,春、夏季变化幅度不大.降水量的变化以2.81mm.(10a)-1的速度在递增,1980年代末至1990年代前期降水量出现下降,1990年代后期又开始缓慢增加.气温升高、降水量的增加、蒸发量的减少,意味着该地区气候由暖干向暖湿转变.水资源总量、河川径流量呈缓慢上升趋势,与降水量的变化具有一致性.