浙江省新昌县下山村滑坡地质特征与稳定性评价

本文研究了浙江省新昌县下山村滑坡区地质环境条件,介绍了滑坡地质灾害体的地质结构、形成特征。认为该区地质环境复杂,雨量充沛,地形呈阶梯状;岩层以5个旋回的软硬相间为主,覆盖层为第四纪松散层;滑坡体赋存松散岩类孔隙水和基岩孔隙-裂隙水,滑坡区岩土体遇水后工程地质性质变差,其抗滑、抗软化能力较差。滑坡表现为后缘切层、中-前缘顺层型。文章从滑坡成因类型的形成条件、变形破坏机制和诱发滑坡体失稳的主要因素方面,对滑坡的稳定性作出了基本评价,对其发展变化作出了趋势性预测。认为该滑坡体物质结构复杂,分7（大）层,滑坡有多个滑移带,主滑移面（带）2个,滑坡体厚达60m,降雨是诱发滑坡体失稳的主要原因,该滑坡目前仍以蠕滑为主。     

Inherent vulnerability of agricultural communities in Himalaya: A village-level hotspot analysis in the Uttarakhand state of India

Mountain regions are characterized by complex biophysical and marginal socio-economic conditions that contribute to the vulnerability of agricultural communities. Owing to the extremely heterogeneous conditions in mountains, it becomes imperative to understand the spatial distribution of vulnerability at fine-scale. This study assesses the inherent vulnerability of agricultural communities at village level for the entire state of Uttarakhand. Inherent vulnerability, conceptualized as an internal property of agriculture dependent communities, is measured as a function of sensitivity and adaptive capacity. Data on 36 indicators, reflecting the social and ecological dimensions of sensitivity and adaptive capacity, was collected from secondary sources for 15,285 villages. Each indicator was weighed according to its importance in determining vulnerability using Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) and finally aggregated to map the spatial distribution of inherent vulnerability under five classes. To enable more effective adaptation planning, identification of vulnerability hotspots was done using local Moran's I. Our analysis reveals that majority of the villages have very low (36.1%) and low (19.6%) adaptive capacity characterized by the poor developmental and high agricultural constraints. Overall the state observes high vulnerability (0.66 ± 0.15), with about 23.6% and 24.7% villages classified under very high and high vulnerability class respectively. The spatial pattern of inherent vulnerability shows significant altitudinal gradient with most of the vulnerability hotspots villages located in middle altitudinal zone. The outcomes of the study assist the policy interventions in prioritizing allocation of resources to enhance the capacities of agricultural communities inhabiting the identified inherent vulnerability hotspots.     

基于多主体参与的村庄整治规划过程优化——以宁夏西吉县洞洞村为例

新农村建设掀起新一轮村庄整治规划高潮,但很多村庄规划仍延续"自上而下"模式,政府和规划师享有更大的话语权,村民和村集体往往处于"失语"状态。以生态移民为目的,宁夏西吉县洞洞村"被动式"移民安置带有典型的"自上而下"式的特点。通过对洞洞村移民安置产生问题的反思、对事件中各参与主体的利益关联和利益诉求分析,探讨基于多主体参与的村庄整治规划过程优化的可能性。从各参与主体利益协调的视角出发,搭建共同参与规划决策的实现平台——驻村规划小组,使各利益主体共同参与到村庄整治规划工作的各个流程,构建一种以农村和农民为主体、多主体共同参与的"自下而上"式规划决策的过程优化机制。     

邻里空间演化的个体化现象研究—以广州华侨聚居区为例

基于华侨新村建筑形态演变研究,通过质性研究访谈,对在全球化和政治变革影响下广州华侨聚居区——华侨新村个体化现象出现的原因及机制进行分析,发现高围墙所揭示的不仅是物质空间上的边界和隔离,同时是居民交往空间上的边界和隔离的隐喻。由于城市管理模式变革,社区内异质性增高,社区中上阶层对其他的居民的认同感和信任感低,并且在绅士化的冲击下,以老归侨和单位制居民为主的旧情感性关系正在瓦解,新的认知性关系无法建立,实体社区功能弱化,个体化现象在华侨新村内日益普遍。     

湘黔桂交界区贵州省从江县黎家坡南华系剖面新观察——一条良好的南华大冰期沉积记录剖面

从江县黎家坡南华系剖面位于黔桂交界处,交通尚便,是一条地层发育良好、厚度巨大、沉积连续、层序完整、顶底界线清楚的剖面。内部岩石地层单位由下至上依次为:长安组、富禄组和黎家坡组,其划分标志清楚,易于识别和掌握,并可进行区域对比。在剖面上,南华系与下伏青白口系下江群隆里组和上覆震旦系陡山沱组均为整合接触。该剖面较完整而连续地记录了该区南华大冰期(包括长安冰期、富禄间冰期和南沱冰期)的沉积演化史,是研究雪球事件的良好场所之一。     

我国乡镇企业用地管理存在问题及对策探析

我国乡镇企业经过改革开放30多年来的发展已经到了一个重要转折期,当前我国乡镇企业用地中存在的效率低下、布局分散等问题,影响到乡镇企业的健康发展和农村土地利用秩序,只有适时调整和坚持正确的乡镇企业用地管理对策方向,才能有利于乡镇企业的健康可持续发展。通过实地调查与统计分析研究,提出了适应我国农村经济转型发展的乡镇企业用地管理的3个对策方向:(1)加强对乡镇企业用地布局的空间管制;(2)引入市场机制来促进企业用地的集约化;(3)建立城乡土地统一管理体制。     

生态敏感旅游地和旅游者互动影响与协调——以梅里雪山雨崩村为例

从旅游地可持续发展的角度出发探讨了具有典型意义的生态敏感区域梅里雪山雨崩村的旅游地—旅游者互动影响,结果表明,雨崩旅游地对进入雨崩的游客在交通方式偏好,消费方式及停留时间,文化的约束等方面都产生了一定影响;而旅游者的进入则对当地的经济收益、环境生态问题和传统文化的传承产生了影响。基于此,提出通过政府做出科学合理的旅游地发展决策与规划、依托并发挥当地宗教文化特有的约束力以及加强景区管理部门对游客的生态教育等措施,达到旅游地与旅游者的良性协调共生。     

SUSPENDING VILLAGE" A MODEL OF NEW DEVELOPMENT AREA IN THE NINGXIA HUI AUTONOMOUS REGION OF CHINA

The southern part of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in China was infamous for its poverty and serious soil erosion caused by over population. In order to alleviate poverty and backwardness, a plan was worked out: to remove 200,000 people to the north plain by developing newly irrigated land during the period of 1983-1992. The plan has been in operation for eight and half years to date. About 200,000 people have been removed from the poor southern part to the newly developed area, and 800,000 mu (1/ 15 ha) of desert land has been cultivated. Most of the migrants have been lifted out of poverty and the people's life in the south is being improved. During the immigration process, a model, called "Suspending Village", has been developed. In the article, the whole process of the development and the strategies are discussed.     

陕西华县泉护村遗址发现的全新世猛禽类及其意义

记述了1997年在陕西华县泉护村遗址发掘过程中首次在这里发现的全新世猛禽类标本,通过分类学的对比研究,这些标本被鉴定为苍鹰左尺骨、雕右跗跖骨和雕鸮右跗跖骨。这在先前陕西境内其他一些遗址中猛禽类的发现记载是少有的。它为研究泉护村遗址的古环境、古气候变化和推测遗址中出现的以猛禽类为题材的陶鸮鼎、隼形陶饰、陶器上出现的彩绘鸟纹提供了实物参考,并成为进一步了解全新世时期古人生活特点的依据。     

典范对应分析在重金属污染区土壤性质及土壤酶活性关系中的应用——以阳朔县思的村为例

运用典范对应分析（Canonical Correspondence Analysis,CCA）对广西阳朔思的村铅锌矿尾砂坝坍塌后的污染农田土壤酶活性、土壤性质进行研究。结果表明：pH值、全铅和全锌是影响土壤其他因子（碱解氮、有机碳、速效磷、阳离子交换量、蔗糖酶、脲酶和碱性磷酸酶）的重要因素。该区污染土壤尽管经过当地农民长达逾40 a的耕种,但土壤有机质、阳离子交换量、速效磷和碱解氮质量分数仍处于较低的水平,彼此之间的相关系数与其在CCA排序图中的夹角变化规律一致。土壤碱性磷酸酶活性与全锌质量分数呈正相关,因而在CCA排序图中,土壤碱性磷酸酶活性与全锌质量分数的夹角较小。尽管铅-锌污染物与蔗糖酶和脲酶的相关性不显著,但铅-锌污染物的存在造成蔗糖酶和脲酶活性的降低,因而在CCA排序图中,土壤中的铅-锌污染物与蔗糖酶和脲酶基本处于相反的两端,从而弥补相关分析结果信息量不足的弊端。鉴于CCA排序图能够直观展示土壤酶对重金属污染物的敏感强度以及土壤有机碳与养分循环物质之间的相互关系,因此可作为探索土壤因子内在联系的重要工具。