新疆东天山中生代金属成矿动力学背景研究

中生代是东天山地壳演化过程中一个重要的构造转换阶段,形成了两期金属矿床：印支期和燕山期矿床。笔者论述了东天山印支期、燕山期成矿特征和地球动力学背景,认为印支期矿床形成主要与塔里木以北地区由南向北的挤压和推覆作用而产生的大规模韧性剪切变形与岩浆活动有关,部分矿床（钒钛磁铁矿）与早侏罗纪新疆地区普遍发育的板内伸展作用有关;燕山期矿床形成主要与蒙古一鄂霍茨克洋向南北两侧俯冲而发生的岩浆侵位有关。这个结论对新疆东部找矿具有重要的指导意义。     

Seasonally Hypersaline Estuaries in Mediterranean-climate Regions

Data collected in three Californian estuaries indicate that hypersaline conditions exist during the dry summers typical of a Mediterranean climate. The generalised seasonal and longitudinal hydrographic structures are described and explained. It is argued that this seasonal hypersalinity is common and that it represents a major class of estuaries. The observed accumulation of salt indicates surprisingly long residence times in small basins which have free exchange with the ocean. This semi-isolation of the inner basin leads to a large build-up or severe depletion of nutrients, pollutants and plankton in these systems. Of concern are the trends to increase pollutant loading in the same systems that are experiencing an increase in residence times owing to freshwater extraction in the watershed.     

STRATEGY OF MAIZE′S CONCENTRATING TO ADVANTAGE AREAS IN JILIN PROVINCE

WiththedevelopmentofagricultureandChina'sentryintoWTO,thesituationofsupplyanddemandinmaizemarkethaschangedgreatly.Facingtherelativesurplusofmaizeandtheformationofbuyer'smarket,weshouldfullydeveloprelativeadvantages,carryouttheunevenstrategyofsupportingthesuperior inmaizeproduction andcultivateadvantagedareasofmaize.Theabovestrategicmeasurescanrapidlyim-provetheinternationally competitiveabilityandpro-ductivityofmaizeinJilinProvince,getoutofthea-griculturalpredicamentandmaketheagriculturalde-…     

海南岛“0810”特大暴雨物理量诊断及多普勒特征分析

应用常规观测、海口多普勒回波及NCEP1×1°再分析等资料,对2008年10月12～15日海南特大暴雨成因进行诊断分析,并揭示了暴雨过程中的多普勒回波特征。结果表明：导致海南岛产生强降水的主要原因是热带低压移动缓慢和弱冷空气的低层入侵;当冷暖空气交绥,大气温湿结构发生突变,θse面陡立造成对流系统斜压发展,激发位势不稳定能量释放。正差动假相当位温平流意味着低层暖湿空气的平流大于高层,加强了层结对流不稳定发展;在斜压扰动作用下,对流层中层正差动涡度平流和低压东侧的暖平流破坏了海南岛的准地转平衡,动力强迫和热力强迫共同作用激发了次级环流,导致暴雨区上空的垂直运动的发展,促使暴雨增强。充沛的水汽输送及水汽的强烈辐合,为暴雨发生的有利水汽条件。多普勒径向速度揭示了暴雨区低层冷平流高层暖平流、风向风速的垂直切变大的垂直结构以及持续性的强烈辐合等等特征,回波停滞和＂列车效应＂使降水增幅,降水回波的性质差异,可造成强降水区域分布的不同。     

基于数值模拟和统计拟合分析华北冬季一次大范围重污染过程的形成机理

基于WRF/Chem（Weather Research Forecasting/Chemistry）模式对2015年11月25日至12月2日我国北方一次大范围PM2.5（空气动力学当量直径小于等于2.5 μm的颗粒物,即细颗粒物）重污染过程进行了模拟。与观测资料对比表明,模式能够较好地模拟出PM2.5浓度及气象因素的变化趋势,结果适用于此次污染事件的机理分析。动力、热力条件及化学转化等因素对此次强污染事件形成的机理分析表明,动力因子主要通过表面风和垂直风切变的减弱对此次污染事件造成影响,边界层逆温等热力因子促进了大气稳定性的增强,不利于污染物扩散。依据PM2.5组成成分变化分析可知,硝酸盐、硫酸盐和有机碳在此次事件中含量增加,说明机动车汽车尾气和燃煤排放所致的二次气溶胶生成对PM2.5污染加剧起重要贡献。多元线性回归分析和多因子相对贡献率量化解析结果表明,热力因子在此次污染过程中起主要作用,方差贡献率为52%,动力因子次之,方差贡献率为34%,而化学转化方差贡献率约为14%,说明气象条件,尤其是热力条件是引起此次污染事件的主要原因。     

江西2012年5月12日大暴雨过程水汽输送分析

利用NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料、常规气象观测资料和WRF中尺度数值模式,对2012年5月12日江西出现的大暴雨天气水汽输送的过程进行分析。结果表明,从大尺度分析,此次暴雨过程的水汽输送特征并不典型,比湿、水汽通量、水汽通量散度、整层水汽输送等均不能满足江西出现暴雨时应该达到的水汽条件;但模拟的中小尺度水汽指数能够满足江西发生暴雨的水汽条件。此次暴雨过程的水汽主要来自南海地区。暴雨出现的区域与整层水汽大值区的水平梯度最大处相吻合。当整层水汽输送值较小时,水汽输送主要集中在中低层,但当整层水汽输送值较大时,水汽输送的高度高度超过500 hPa高度层,仅分析500 hPa高度层以下的水汽输送对暴雨预报会造成一定的误差。     

Continuous Measurement of Number Concentrations and Elemental Composition of Aerosol Particles for a Dust Storm Event in Beijing

A continuous measurement of number size distributions and chemical composition of aerosol particles was conducted in Beijing in a dust storm event during 21-26 March 2001. The number concentration of coarse particles （ 〉2μm） increased more significantly than fine particles （ 〈2μm） during the dust storm due to dust weather, while the anthropogenic aerosols collected during the non-dust-storm period tended to be associated with fine particles. Elemental compositions were analyzed by using proton-induced X-ray emission （PIXE）. The results show that 20 elements in the dust storm were much higher than in the non-dust-storm period. The calculated soil dust concentration during the dust storm was, on average, 251.8μg m^-3, while it was only 52.1μg m^-3 on non-dust-storm days. The enrichment factors for Mg, A1, P, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, C1, Cu, Pb, and Zn show small variations between the dust storm and the non-dust-storm period, while those for Ca, Ni and Cr in the dust storm were much lower than those in the non-dust-storm period due to significant local emission sources. A high concentration and enrichment factor for S were observed during the dust storm, which implies that the dust particles were contaminated by aerosol particles from anthropogenic emissions during the long-range transport. A statistical analysis shows that the elemental composition of particles collected during the dust storm in Beijing were better correlated with those of desert soil colleted from desert regions in Inner Mongolia. Air mass back-trajectory analysis further confirmed that this dust storm event could be identified as streaks of dust plumes originating from Inner Mongolia.     

基于水体光学分类的鄱阳湖悬沙浓度反演方法研究

鄱阳湖是我国重要的湿地生态系统,对调节流域的水沙变化有着重要作用。由于鄱阳湖湖区面积广,内部差异大,单一的悬浮泥沙反演模型不足以准确反演出湖区的悬浮泥沙浓度。以实测的反射光谱数据、泥沙浓度数据为基础,提出一种基于分类后的反演模型,即根据实测数据的光谱形态特征分类出5种典型的水体类型。在此基础上,将分类后的各类水体分别建立各自合适的反演模型进行反演。结果表明基于水体分类的经验模型反演达到满意效果,平均绝对误差为0.00217g/L,平均相对误差为3.022%。基于分类后的经验反演模型适用于鄱阳湖悬沙浓度分布的监测研究,有助于更加宏观、准确的掌握鄱阳湖泥沙浓度的空间分布和变化,为保持鄱阳湖资源的可持续开发与利用提供决策依据。     

扎龙湿地芦苇沼泽对农田排水中氮、磷净化效果的模拟研究

农田排水已经成为扎龙湿地水环境污染的重要来源之一.采集扎龙湿地芦苇(Phragmites australis)沼泽区土壤和植物样品,开展为期18天的室内模拟试验,以进水中氨氮(NH4+-N)含量为基准,设计了6组实验,研究芦苇沼泽对不同氮、磷含量农田排水中主要污染物的去除效果,及进水在沼泽中的不同停留时间对湿地去污效果...     

转炉钢渣对两种对虾幼虾的急性毒性效应

初步研究了一定粒径的转炉钢渣对日本对虾（Penaeus japonicus）幼虾和中国明对虾（fenneropenaeus chinensis）幼虾的急性毒性效应。实验结果显示，当钢渣质量浓度为1.8g／L时，日本对虾幼虾96h的最高死亡率为33．33％；随着钢渣质量浓度的增加，死亡率增高；当钢渣质量浓度为18g／L时，其96h的最大死亡率达到了75％。相对于日本对虾幼虾，钢渣质量浓度为18g／L时中国明对虾幼虾96h的最高死亡率只有36．67％。运用直线内插法求出钢渣对日本对虾幼虾96h半致死浓度为1．62g／L，钢渣对日本对虾的安全浓度为0．162g／L，而在实验条件下中国明对虾幼虾的半致死浓度要明显高于日本对虾幼虾。