The satellite towns of metropolis guangzhou: Evolution,inherent links with the central city and tendencies —a case study of renhe town

This paper focuses on three interrelated aspects of the relationship between the satellite towns (Renhe Town) and the central city of metropolis Guangzhou. The attention is initially paid to the evolution of the satellite towns. Those towns are recognized as industrial ones although different types could be identified since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949. Then the analysis is turned to the inherent links between Renhe and the central city. Although Renhe has absorbed some decentralized industries, the achievements of constructing satellite towns are not considered satisfactory. This is because the decentralized industries have not given an impetus to the economic growth of Renhe, the town has no close links with the central city in the aspects of finance, employment, economy and technology due to the limitation of the traditional administrative institution, and the decentralized workers are commuters taking the mother city as the sleeping place. Thirdly the problems associated with the construction of satellite towns are examined. Guangzhou is experiencing the major restructuring of industrial structure and therefore it is necessary to decentralize some industries to satellite towns. However, the limits from the central city and the satellite towns are influencing industrial decentralization and construction of satellite towns. The solutions and prospects are finally put forward. This paper was funded by the Canadian International Development Agency.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Books reviewed in this article: The Mexican Colonial Copper Industry. Elinore M. Barrett . The Control Revolution: Technological and Economic Origins of the Information Society . James R. Beniger . Land Degradation and Society . Piers M. Blaikie And Harold C. Brookfield , Eds . La carte, mode d'emploi. Roger Brunet . France: les dynamiques du territoire . Roger Brunet AND Jacques Sallois , EDS. At the Crossroads—The Mineral Problems of the United States . Eugene N. Cameron . A Census of One Billion People , Papers for International Seminar on China's 1982 Population Census. Li Chengrui , ED. Les Milieux “Naturels” du Globe . Jean Demangeot . The Geophysiology of Amazonia: Vegetation and Climate Interactions : Robert E. Dickinson , ED. Tenn-Tom Country . James F. Doster And David C. Weaver . Family Farming in Europe and America . Boguslaw Galeski And Eugene Wilkening , EDS. The Geography of Urban Transportation . Susan Hanson , Ed. Combating Desertification in Developing Countries . J. K. Jain , ED. Cartography in France—1660–1848. Science, Engineering and Statecraft . Josef W. Konvitz . Distribution of Distances in Pregeographical Space . Hans Kuiper . Physical Geography Lab Manual: A New Experimental Approach . Neal G. Lineback And John M. Harlin . Physical Geography: A Landscape Appreciation , 2nd ed. Tom L. Mc Knight . The Desert Is No Lady: Southwestern Landscapes in Women's Writing and Art . Vera Norwood And Janice Monk , EDS. France: A Geographical, Social, and Economic Survey . Philippe Pinchemel , translated, by D. Elkins and T. H. Elkins. Gene Banks and the World's Food . Donald L. Plucknett , Nigel J. H. Smith , J. T. Williams , And N. Murthi Anishetty . Latin American Development: Geographical Perspectives . David Preston , Ed. Making Sense of Development: An Introduction to Classical and Contemporary Theories of Development and Their Application to Southeast Asia . P. W. Preston . The History of the Countryside. Oliver Rackham . The Third World in Perspective . H. A. Reitsma AND J. M. G. Kleinpenning . The Industrial Geography of Australia . David C. Rich . The Recruiting Game , 2nd Ed., revised. John F. Rooney , JR. A Cultural Geography of North American Indians . Thomas E. Ross AND Tyrel G. Moore , EDS. Eastern Europe . Dean S. Rugg . Human Territoriality: Its Theory and History . Cambridge Studies in Historical Geography: 7. Robert David Sack . Experimental Fluvial Geomorphology . Stanley A. Schumm , M. Paul Mosley , AND William E. Weaver . The New Urban Landscape . David Schuyler . Atlas of American Women . Barbara Gimla Shortridge . Impacts of Hazardous Technology: The Psycho-Social Effects of Restarting TMI-1 . John Sorensen , Jon Soderstrom , Emily Copenhaver , Sam Carnes AND Robert Bolin . Modern Physical Geography , 3rd Ed., (Third Edition). Arthur N. Strahler AND Alan H. Strahler . India: Economic Resource Base and Contemporary Political Patterns . B. L. Sukhwal .     

南疆典型城市环境质量与风向特征分析

利用1981—2015年气象观测资料,选择阿克苏市、喀什市、和田市、阿图什市4市作为样本,分析了南疆典型城市的气候基本特征,并探讨了它们的风向特征;结合2016年相应城市空气污染物SO2、NO2、PM10、CO、O3、PM2.5环境监测日报数据,分析了典型城市环境质量特征。结果表明:(1)4个城市年降水少、蒸发量大,日照时数长,浮尘、扬沙频发,属于典型的"沙漠-绿洲"生态脆弱城市。(2)4个城市的空气质量较差,首要污染物是PM10,其次是PM2.5。(3)根据风向资料,绘制4个城市的风向频率玫瑰图和污染系数玫瑰图,综合考虑阿克苏城市环境功能区划分时工业区应选在WSW方向;喀什市工业区应选在NNE方向;阿图什市工业区应选在NNW方向,其次是S方向;和田市工业区可选在NNE方向。(4)南疆四市在城市开发过程中应建设多层次的绿化结构,充分利用地域特点,发展绿色经济,提高城市的生态承载力。4个城市进行工业园区布局时,应从大局出发,做好宏观的科学的统筹规划。     

气候因素对度假地型第二居所需求的影响 ——基于云南腾冲与西双版纳的比较研究

宜人气候是人们购置度假地型第二居所的重要影响因素,可分为避暑型和避寒型2种类型,但现有研究鲜有关注不同气候类型对度假地型第二居所需求的影响。文章以腾冲和西双版纳景洪为例,通过对比雅居乐集团布局两地的旅居地产项目发展差异,指出西双版纳的度假地型第二居所需求大于腾冲。进一步运用质性方法剖析需求差异化的原因,得出以下结论：异质宜人气候是吸引人们购置两地度假地型第二居所的主要因素,气候资源的非移动性和空间异质性导致了不同度假地第二居所的发展差异。就发展度假地型第二居所而言,在国内避寒型气候的竞争力优于避暑型气候。原因在于,国内避寒型气候属稀缺资源,具有垄断性特征;而避暑型气候资源较为丰富,是一种相对遍在性资源,具有可替代性。     

城市大型体育场馆区域布局及其规划应对方略 ——以上海、广州、武汉、乌鲁木齐市为例

通过实地调查上海、广州、武汉、乌鲁木齐4座城市的15座体育场馆,并在结合相关专家访谈的基础上,分析了大型体育场馆区域的产生、空间特征和功能布局,重点探讨了存在的主要问题,包括：场馆区域布局设计与区域条件不相适应,建筑设施之间的空间联系不足,区域整体空间局促,建筑设施的功能布局失调,交通流线布局设计有待改进,与外部空间环境缺乏紧密的联系。借鉴国外场馆区域布局设计经验,提出从多样性和整体性方面,合理规划场馆区域的功能布局;从开放和融合的视角,协调中心与周边区域的发展关系;以人性化和层次化手段,优化区域内的交通流线。     

广州市商业型健身房空间分布及其影响因素

以百度地图网页上采集的POI数据和第六次人口普查数据为基础,借助ArcGIS 10.2和Geoda软件,通过核密度分析、方向分布分析、缓冲区分析、近邻分析和空间自相关等方法,对广州市商业型健身房的空间分布特征进行研究,结果表明：广州市商业型健身房在空间分布上呈现“中心圈层＋外围组团”结构,存在空间集聚现象以及沿城市干道和地铁站分布指向性不明显而呈现临近住宅小区分布指向性。在广州市商业型健身房空间分布的影响因素方面,经过模型比较,选择空间滞后模型对其进行定量分析,结果表明：人口规模与受教育水平对广州市商业型健身房的空间布局影响显著,而区位因素和社区环境影响力较小。     

Are all cities with similar urban form or not? Redefining cities with ubiquitous points of interest and evaluating them with indicators at city and block levels in China

Urban forms reflect spatial structures of cities, which have been consciously and dramatically changing in China. Fast urbanisation may lead to similar urban forms due to similar habits and strategies of city planning. However, whether urban forms in China are identical or significantly different has not been empirically investigated. In this paper, urban forms are investigated based on two spatial units: city and block. The boundaries of natural cities in terms of the density of human settlements and activities are delineated with the concept of ‘redefined city’ using points of interests (POIs), and blocks are determined by road networks. Urban forms are characterised by city-block two-level spatial morphologies. Further, redefined cities are classified into four hierarchies to examine the effects of different city development stages on urban forms. The spatial morphology is explained by urbanisation variables to understand the effects. Results show that the urban forms are spatially clustered from the perspective of city-block two-level morphologies. Urban forms tend to be similar within the same hierarchies, but significantly varied among different hierarchies, which is closely related to the development stages. Additionally, the spatial dimensional indicators of urbanisation could explain 41% of the spatial morphology of redefined cities.     

Understanding spatial structures and organizational patterns of city networks in China: A highway passenger flow perspective

The use of multi-perspective and multi-scalar city networks has gradually developed into a range of critical approaches to understand spatial interactions and linkages. In particular, road linkages represent key characteristics of spatial dependence and distance decay, and are of great significance in depicting spatial relationships at the regional scale. Therefore, based on highway passenger flow data between prefecture-level administrative units, this paper attempted to identify the functional structures and regional impacts of city networks in China, and to further explore the spatial organization patterns of the existing functional regions, aiming to deepen our understanding of city network structures and to provide new cognitive perspectives for ongoing research. The research results lead to four key conclusions. First, city networks that are based on highway flows exhibit strong spatial dependence and hierarchical characteristics, to a large extent spatially coupled with the distributions of major megaregions in China. These phenomena are a reflection of spatial relationships at regional scales as well as core-periphery structure. Second, 19 communities that belong to an important type of spatial configuration are identified through community detection algorithm, and we suggest they are correspondingly urban economic regions within urban China. Their spatial metaphors include the administrative region economy, spatial spillover effects of megaregions, and core-periphery structure. Third, each community possesses a specific city network system and exhibits strong spatial dependence and various spatial organization patterns. Regional patterns have emerged as the result of multi-level, dynamic, and networked characteristics. Fourth, adopting a morphology-based perspective, the regional city network systems can be basically divided into monocentric, dual-nuclei, polycentric, and low-level equilibration spatial structures, while most are developing monocentrically.     

基于多源探测资料的一次广州局地强对流垂直结构分析

基于X波段相控阵雷达、S波段双偏振雷达、微波辐射计、风廓线雷达、毫米波云雷达等多源高时空分辨率新型遥感探测资料,对广州后汛期一次局地强对流过程的大气热力、动力及云物理结构变化特征进行了综合分析。结果表明：(1)强对流前8小时前,局地LI、CAPE、SI等对流参数就达到并远远超过了短时强降水的阈值;临近降水大气层结仍向不稳定发展,水汽条件向有利的方向发展;(2)午后局地风形成辐合,上升气流加强,近地层出现弱垂直风切变和低空急流脉动,对强对流的发生发展有一定的指示意义;(3) CINRAD/SA-D雷达CR、DBZM HT、TOPS、VIL等变化与强降水和地面大风的发展有很好的对应关系,同时低层风场观测到阵风锋特征;XPAR-D雷达更高时空分辨率的探测可清晰显示对流发展旺盛阶段的Z_DR弧、K_DP柱、Z_DR柱、V型缺口等特征,为判断雷暴云团的发展程度和预警提供重要信息。     

GWR模型在土壤重金属高光谱预测中的应用

目前土壤重金属高光谱反演模型大多忽视了重金属与光谱变量间相关关系的空间异质性,这与实际情况不相吻合,而地理权重回归（GWR）模型能有效地揭示变量间关系的空间异质性。本文以福州市土壤重金属Cd、Cu、Pb、Cr、Zn、Ni为对象,构建土壤重金属预测的GWR高光谱模型,并将预测结果与普通最小二乘法回归（OLS）结果进行比较分析,探讨GWR模型在土壤重金属高光谱预测中的适用性及局限性。结果表明：① GWR模型在土壤重金属高光谱预测中适用与否取决于重金属对光谱变量影响的空间异质性程度：对于Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb等对光谱变量影响空间异质性大的元素,其GWR预测精度较OLS提高明显,表现为GWR模型的调节R²较OLS模型有了明显提高,分别为OLS模型的2.69倍、2.01倍、1.87倍和1.53倍;而AIC值以及残差平方和较OLS模型却明显降低,AIC值减少量均大于3个单位,残差平方和则仅分别为OLS模型的25.33%、30.09%、47.22%和86.84%;对于Cd和Ni等对光谱变量影响空间异质性小的元素,相较于OLS模型,GWR模型的调节R²分别提高了0.015和0.007,残差平方和分别减少了5.97%和4.18%,但AIC值却分别增加了2.737和2.762,GWR预测效果改善不明显;② 光谱变换可以有效增强土壤重金属的光谱特征,其中以光谱的倒数变换效果最好,而且该变换及其微分形式可以很好地提高模型的预测效果;③ GWR模型的应用前提是变量间关系的空间非平稳性,适合在与土壤光谱变量间关系具有显著空间异质性的重金属高光谱预测中推广。