绿潮暴发对浮游动物群落结构影响研究

本调查于2016年和2017年的5月、8月,对日照近岸海域浒苔暴发区进行了4个航次的浮游动物断面调查。4个航次中,2016年和2017年5月航次获得的种类数要明显低于同年8月航次,而平均丰度和湿重生物量均高于同年8月航次。造成这种情况的原因可能是调查海域8月浒苔暴发结束,浒苔的消亡过程会大量消耗营养盐,导致水体中营养盐含量下降,进而影响到其他浮游植物和浮游动物的生长。应用PRIMER软件中的单变量分析得到群落种数(S)、丰富度(d)、香农-威纳指数(Shannon-Weaner index)(H′)和均匀度(J),从多样性指数分析可以看出,5月航次的生物多样性均劣于同年8月航次。不同年度相同季节航次中出现的优势种极其相似,而不同季节航次出现的优势种则大不相同。     

COSMO-SkyMed颜色变换强度RC法南京建设用地变化检测

基于非局部滤波的SAR强度RC合成变化检测法对小图斑、线型地物等动态监测灵敏,且对数据获取无时空基线要求,在多云多雨城市地表要素变化检测中具备潜力。本文研究以多时相SAR强度RC合成图为数据源,提出一种基于色彩空间变换的变化图斑半自动提取方法,即通过色彩空间转换、训练样本选取、监督分类影像分割、变化区域提取4步骤,可实现基于SAR强度图的城市建设用地动态监测与图斑高效更新。选取南京河西新城与江北新区为示范,以最优参数配置（3特征向量与10样本类别）进行试验,实现了优于88%的建设用地查准率指标。     

博尔塔拉蒙古自治州植被覆盖度估算

针对传统植被覆盖度估算方法只能估算高密度覆盖的绿色光合植被的问题,该文提出了一种可进行绿色光合植被、非绿色光合植被和裸地覆盖度估算的方法,选取博尔塔拉蒙古自治州2010年和2016年的LandsatTM/OLI影像,通过构建NDVI-DFI特征空间提取端元特征值,运用像元三分模型估算,并与像元二分模型估算结果和实地采样估算结果对比。结果表明:像元三分模型估算与实际情况相符,且精度较好。2016年博州地区植被覆盖度较2010年增长显著,生态环境得到明显改善。像元三分模型能够较好地估算光合/非光合植被覆盖度,提高遥感获取植被信息的能力,为科学评估生态环境质量提供参考。     

Cartographic Design and the Space–Time Cube

This paper reports on the results of an empirical evaluation that aimed to define the effectiveness and efficiency of different visual variables in depicting the Space–Time Cube’s (STC) content. Existing STC applications demonstrate that the most used visual variables are size and colour hue. Less is known, however, about their usability metrics. The research sets design criteria for STC contents, such as space–time paths, based on the cartographic design theory. The visual variables colour hue, colour value, colour saturation, size and orientation have been applied in two different use case studies. Besides, to support the three-dimensional visual environment, depth cues such as shading and transparency were considered too. User tests have been executed based on real-world problems with particular attention for the visualization strategy and data complexity. The outcomes revealed the most efficient and effective visual variables to represent data of various complexities in the STC.     

Cartographic Symbol Design Considerations for the Space–Time Cube

The cartographic representation of geographic phenomena in the space–time cube comes with special challenges and opportunities when compared with two-dimensional maps. While the added dimension allows the display of attributes that vary with time, it is difficult to display rapidly varying temporal data given the limited display height. In this study, we adapt 2D cyclic point symbols to construct 3D surfaces designed along a helical path for the space–time cube. We demonstrate how these complex?3D helical surfaces can display detailed data, including data reported daily over 100 years and data reported in four-hour intervals over a year. To create the point symbols, each value is plotted along the curve of a helix, with each turn of the helix representing one year or week, respectively. The model is modified by varying the radii from the time axis to all points using the attribute value, in these cases maximum daily temperature and four-hourly ridership, and then creating a triangulated surface from the resulting points. Using techniques common to terrain representation, we apply hue and saturation to the surface based on attribute values, and lightness based on relief shading. Multiple surfaces can be displayed in a space–time cube with a consistent time interval facing the viewer, and the surfaces or viewer perspective can be rotated to display synchronized variations. We see this method as one example of how cartographic design can refine or enhance operations in the space–time cube.     

一种顾及精细层级的室内拓扑模型

针对室内精细化管理的需求,提出了一种顾及精细层级的室内拓扑模型。该模型首先将室内空间构件分为“主体对象-连通对象-虚拟对象”三种类型;接着以主体对象为基准,在垂直方向上又将室内空间划分为“楼栋-楼层-房间-设备”4个级别,并抽象出虚拟对象实现对对象的二次划分;然后针对同级别对象和跨级别对象建立了拓扑组织规则;最后结合三维引擎Cesium.js对模型进行了管理可视化验证。结果表明,该数据模型能够有效地满足精细场景的数据管理需求。     

GNSS安全——网络空间安全的新战场

网络安全是当代网络社会面临的重要问题.全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)是网络空间的重要组成部分,GNSS提供的时空信息不仅是万物互联实现所需的时空参考基准,其本身也是网络传输的重要数据内容之一.易损性是引起GNSS安全性风险的重要因素,GNSS受干扰影响可失去定位授时能力或产生虚假信息,造成GNSS安全性风险并进而影响整个网络空间的安全.应从思想认识,系统建设,技术发展,法律法规等方面入手应对GNSS造成的网络安全性风险.     

Re-examining urban region and inferring regional function based on spatial–temporal interaction

Urban system is shaped by the interactions between different regions and regions planned by the government, then reshaped by human activities and residents’ needs. Understanding the changes of regional structure and dynamics of city function based on the residents’ movement demand are important to evaluate and adjust the planning and management of urban services and internal structures. This paper constructed a probabilistic factor model on the basis of probabilistic latent semantic analysis and tensor decomposition, for purpose of understanding the higher order interactive population mobility and its impact on urban structure changes. First, a four-dimensional tensor of time (T)?×?week (W)?×?origin (O)?×?destination (D) was constructed to identify the day-to-day activities in three time modes and weekly regularity of weekday/weekend pattern. Then we reclassified the urban regions based on the space clustering formed by the space factor matrix and core tensor. Finally, we further analysed the space–time interaction on different time scales to deduce the actual function and connection strength of each region. Our research shows that the application of individual-based spatial–temporal data in human mobility and space–time interaction study can help to analyse urban spatial structure and understand the actual regional function from a new perspective.     

火星资源赋存状况及其原位利用技术研究进展与展望

太空资源的勘探及利用是深空探测的重要目的之一。火星是人类最容易到达和资源利用最为迫切的行星,对火星资源进行勘查和原位利用是未来火星载人探测及基地建设需要解决的重要问题。本文对火星大气资源、水资源、土壤与岩石矿物资源、风能与太阳能资源等可利用资源的类型及赋存状况进行了分析,制作了火星资源的全球分布图,并从资源分布的角度提出了未来火星资源探测及火星基地建设的首选区域。同时,本文也总结了火星原位资源利用技术的研究进展及问题,认为未来需要从以下几个方面开展进一步研究：加强火星资源的针对性勘查与评估;开发新的资源利用模式与技术;建立资源利用成本的综合评估模型;完善资源开发与利用相关的法律法规。     

基于城市规划的城市地下空间开发适宜性评价探讨

随着城市化进程的持续推进,城市地下空间开发利用的重要性日益凸显。但各城市地下空间资源开发存在盲目性,未能与城市规划要求充分对接,亟须构建面向城市地下空间开发的适宜性评价体系。本文阐述了城市规划与地下空间开发间的关系,提出在城市规划指导下进行地下空间开发的重要性。针对不同的城市类型,需要采取针对性的探测技术,评价地质、环境、资源和技术经济等方面,并根据评价结果划分开发适宜性等级。研究认为,在城市规划指导下,运用开发适宜性评价体系,可以实现地下空间的有序可持续利用。