地磁台站建设中磁测异常现象分析

地磁台建设磁性跟踪测试工作很重要,通过对跟踪磁测中发现的一个异常现象的分析,计算了不同重量、距离的铁磁性物质对磁房建筑场地磁场的影响,讨论了排除施工现场磁性干扰的一些办法,并得出各种重量铁磁性物质与磁房建筑物的安全距离,还讨论了地磁台部分建筑材料的选择问题。     

福建地壳运动观测网络观测成果初步分析

利用最新GAMIT软件,对福建省地壳运动观测网络的厦门、福州、泉州、龙岩、南平5个GPS基准站2004年3月1日至2005年3月6日的观测资料在ITRF2000全球坐标系统框架下,使用IGS精密星历数据及其核心观测站的坐标和运动速率为控制参数进行了统一解算,并利用GLOBK软件进行联合平差,得到了5个测站的观测精度。结果表明,福建地区形变南强北弱、东强西弱,且该地区随中国大陆较均匀地向SE（SEE）方向运动。     

珊溪水库地震台阵建设

为更好地对珊溪水库地震震群进行监测和分析,浙江省地震局自2006年开始建设珊溪水库地震台阵.介绍了该环形小孔径台阵的勘选和建设过程,并结合2次地震震群活动的监测数据,展示了该台阵对地区性地震活动监测的效果.     

黎平双江电站水库暴雨洪水设计

该文选用参证站资料的方法,对黎平县双江电站水库1954—2021年近68 a来逐年最大日降水量采用PearsonⅢ型研究方法和贵州省暴雨洪水计算公式进行研究。结果表明：黎平双江电站水库年最大日降水量年变化呈上升趋势,2010年以后上升趋势较显著。暴雨洪水设计以H_1d=119.29 mm、C_v=0.47、C_s/C_v=3.5作为研究成果,防洪标准按50 a一遇的暴雨洪水设计成果为P=2.0%,日最大降水量=277 mm、洪峰流量=2509 m³·s^-1;洪水校核按500 a一遇的暴雨洪水设计成果为P=0.2%,日最大降水量=391 mm、洪峰流量=3905 m³·s^-1;消能防冲设计标准按30 a一遇的设计成果为P=3.3%,日最大降水量=252 mm、洪峰流量=2209 m³·s^-1。研究成果对黎平双江电站水库预防灾害性强降水、安全渡汛和水库优化调度、提高产能具有十分重要...     

利用GPS拖体在万山区域测量平均海面技术研究

Wanshan area has been chosen to be the specified field to calibrate and validate(Cal/Val) the HY-2 altimeter and its follow-on satellites. In March 2018, an experiment has been conducted to determine the sea surface height(SSH) under the HY-2 A ground track(Pass No. 203). A GPS towing-body(GPS-TB) was designed to measure the SSH covering an area of about 6 km×28 km wide centered on the HY-2 A altimeter satellite ground track. Three GPS reference stations, one tide gauge and a GPS buoy were placed in the research area, in order to process and resolve the kinematic solution and check the precision of the GPS-TB respectively. All the GPS data were calculated by the GAMIT/GLOBK software and TRACK module. The sea surface was determined by the GPS-TB solution and the tide gauge placed on Zhiwan Island. Then the sea surface of this area was interpolated by Arc GIS10.2 with ordinary Kriging method. The results showed that the precision of the GPS-TB is about 1.10 cm compared with the tide gauge placed nearby, which has an equivalent precision with the GPS buoy. The interpolated sea surface has a bias of –1.5–4.0 cm with standard deviation of 0.2–2.4 cm compared with the checking line. The gradient of the measured sea surface is about 1.62 cm/km along the HY-2 orbit which shows a good agreement compared with the CLS11 mean sea surface(MSS). In the Cal/Val of satellites, the sea surface between the tide gauge/GPS buoy and the footprint of altimeter can be improved by this work.     

金沙江美姑河牛牛坝水电站库区泥石流对工程影响分析

金沙江美姑河牛牛坝水电站库区泥石流沟分布面积广、发生频率高;调查表明库区现有不同类型泥石流沟31条,其中属于高度危险的泥石流沟4条,中度危险的泥石流沟15条;这些泥石流不会造成严重的堵河问题。在施工期泥石流对水电站工程的影响突出,特别是靠近库首的泥石流对工程的安全构成威胁。水库蓄水后,库区泥石流对水电站工程影响有所降低,但位于大坝下游区的泥石流对水电站正常运行仍有较大的影响。     

野外科学观测研究台站（网络）和科学数据中心建设发展

中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所成立80年来,十分重视野外台站（网络）和科学数据中心的建设,取得了辉煌成就。研究所建立了4个野外观测研究网络,引领了中国生态系统研究网络的建设与发展;成立了2个国家级科学数据中心,1个中国科学院数据中心,1个数据出版系统并于2016年加入了世界数据系统;拥有2个国家级野外观测研究站,1个中国科学院野外研究站,形成了独具特色的野外观测研究平台和数据共享服务平台。本文回顾了中国生态系统研究网络、国家生态系统观测研究网络、中国通量观测研究网络、中国物候观测网和禹城站、拉萨站、千烟洲站以及地球系统科学数据中心、生态科学数据中心、资源环境科学数据中心和全球变化科学研究数据出版系统的发展历程。地理资源所台站（网络）从无到有,不断发展壮大,引领了中国野外观测研究事业的发展,支撑了地理学、生态学等重要科学成果产出,科技支撑能力和示范能力大幅提升,有力支撑了华北平原、青藏高原以及南方山地丘陵区的生态文明建设;成为中国地球系统科学、野外台站、资源环境等学科和领域最大的科学数据汇聚中心,数据共享服务成效显著,在国内外具有广泛影响力。在未来发展中,地理资源所将充分发挥野外台站（网络）综合中心作用,强化生态系统、碳水通量、物候等观测研究网络的能力建设,稳步提升野外观测研究站条件保障能力和科学数据中心的数据汇聚能力、分析挖掘能力以及共享服务能力,持续推动和引领中国科学数据的共享,在科学研究和支撑国家需求等方面做出更大贡献。     

Prediction of the calcium carbonate budget in a sedimentary basin: A “source-to-sink” approach applied to Great Salt Lake,Utah, USA

Most source-to-sink studies typically focus on the dynamics of clastic sediments and consider erosion, transport and deposition of sediment particles as the sole contributors. Although often neglected, dissolved solids produced by weathering processes contribute significantly in the sedimentary dynamics of basins, supporting chemical and/or biological precipitation. Calcium ions are usually a major dissolved constituent of water drained through the watershed and may facilitate the precipitation of calcium carbonate when supersaturating conditions are reached. The high mobility of Ca²⁺ ions may cause outflow from an open system and consequently loss. In contrast, in closed basins, all dissolved (i.e. non-volatile) inputs converge at the lowest point of the basin. The endoreic Great Salt Lake basin constitutes an excellent natural laboratory to study the dynamics of calcium on a basin scale, from the erosion and transport through the watershed to the sink, including sedimentation in lake's waterbody. The current investigation focused on the Holocene epoch. Despite successive lake level fluctuations (amplitude around 10 m), the average water level seems to have not been affected by any significant long-term change (i.e. no increasing or decreasing trend, but fairly stable across the Holocene). Weathering of calcium-rich minerals in the watershed mobilizes Ca²⁺ ions that are transported by surface streams and subsurface flow to the Great Salt Lake (GSL). Monitoring data of these flows was corrected for recent anthropogenic activity (river management) and combined with direct precipitation (i.e. rain and snow) and atmospheric dust income into the lake, allowing estimating the amount of calcium delivered to the GSL. These values were then extrapolated through the Holocene period and compared to the estimated amount of calcium stored in GSL water column, porewater and sediments (using hydrochemical, mapping, coring and petrophysical estimates). The similar estimate of calcium delivered (4.88 Gt) and calcium stored (3.94 Gt) is consistent with the premise of the source-to-sink approach: a mass balance between eroded and transported compounds and the sinks. The amount of calcium deposited in the basin can therefore be predicted indirectly from the different inputs, which can be assessed with more confidence. When monitoring is unavailable (e.g. in the fossil record), the geodynamic context, the average lithology of the watershed and the bioclimatic classification of an endoreic basin are alternative properties that may be used to estimate the inputs. We show that this approach is sufficiently accurate to predict the amount of calcium captured in a basin and can be extended to the whole fossil record and inform on the storage of calcium.     

海面与海底地磁日变化差异及其对海洋磁力测量的影响

给出了海面与海底地磁日变化的计算公式,仿真分析了海面与海底地磁日变化差异,探讨了其对海洋磁力测量地磁日变改正的影响。结果表明:对于不同的地磁日变,海面与海底的地磁日变存在着较大的差异,且其随着地磁倾角的变化而变化,对磁测有一定的影响。为此,远海区海洋磁力测量中,建议联合采用地面日变站和海底日变站来减小或消除海面与海底地磁日变差异对磁测的影响,提高地磁日变改正的精度。     

移动GIS技术在土地变更调查中的应用

介绍了GPS定位的高精度和PDA的便于携带、功能强大的特点,将二者集成用于土地变更调查。探讨了移动GIS应用于土地变更调查的技术方法,移动GIS的系统结构及其开发实践。