基于ArcGis 绘制天津乡镇级地震速报分布图

针对数字化地图的特点,在ArcGis 地理信息系统软件的功能分析的基础上,探讨利用Arc-Gis软件进行天津乡镇级速报分布图绘制时的一些方法与技巧。     

粤西福湖岭加里东混合岩-花岗岩形成温度研究

钦-杭结合带南段广泛发育加里东期的混合岩和混合花岗岩。研究这些混合岩和混合花岗岩形成的P-T条件,不但有助于了解加里东造山阶段本区地壳内部的温度特征,对于花岗岩浆形成以及大陆流变等理论问题的研究也有重要意义。本文讨论的福湖岭剖面位于钦-杭结合带南端,为一海边岩壁,其上出露分带清晰的加里东期混合岩-混合花岗岩,自上而下依次为斑点状混合岩、条纹状混合岩、窄条带状混合岩、宽条带状混合岩及混合花岗岩。作者在野外对剖面上不同类型的岩石进行了影像采样,在计算机上对采集影像样品进行处理,在统一阀值下转换成代表浅色体(熔体)和暗色体(未熔岩石或熔渣)的黑白影像,并统计浅色体的含量百分比(熔体比)。将由此得到的各类岩石熔融比数据投到用Winkler and von Platen(1961)的硬砂岩熔融实验数据构成的温度-熔体比曲线图上,获知该剖面混合岩的形成温度在630~705℃之间,原岩的熔断温度("脏"花岗岩浆生成温度)为705℃,岩石熔融时(439~445Ma)剖面的埋深大体处于当时地表以下7km左右。本文结合福湖岭剖面地质研究和岩石熔融实验数据建立的"熔融温度计",为混合岩-混合花岗岩形成温度的测定提供了一种新方法,不仅适用于福湖岭,也可用于其它地区。     

储层非均质性影响空气泡沫驱注入效果研究——以鄂尔多斯盆地甘谷驿油田长6油层组为例

空气泡沫驱是重要三采技术,为了了解该技术适用储层类型,笔者等通过文献调研、机理分析、室内实验及油藏生产动态数据分析研究其注入效果与储层非均质性关系,结果表明：该技术通过泡沫体系产生阻力提高波及系数,泡沫中包含的表面活性剂降低界面张力提高驱油效率,泡沫特性“遇油消泡,遇水不变”可有效调剖堵水并改善流度比,非均质性强的储层具有大小不一的孔喉、较大的孔喉比和较强的贾敏效应,使上述增加波及系数、驱油及堵水效果更强,从而在水驱基础上可以进一步大幅提高采收率。实验和生产动态资料都说明,储层非均质性越强,表现为渗透率级差较大,增产和堵水效果越好,因此空气泡沫驱适用于储层非均质性较强的储层。该研究成果为空气泡沫驱的推广提供借鉴。     

湘东丘陵区4种林地深层土壤溶解性有机碳的数量和光谱特征

选取湘东丘陵4种典型母质发育的林地土壤,挖掘土壤剖面并分层采集土壤样品至母质层/母岩,研究深层土壤有机碳（SOC）和溶解性有机碳（DOC）的数量和分布规律,采用紫外-可见光谱技术分析深层土壤DOC的宏观化学结构特征。结果表明,土壤DOC含量（2.33~185.26 mg·kg^-1）在板岩红壤和酸性紫色土剖面上某些深层土层出现升高现象。DOC/SOC除第四纪红土红壤在浅层表土最高（1.5%）外,其他3种土壤均在60~80 cm深层土层达到最高峰值（1.0%~2.5%）。SOC数量是控制不同母质土壤DOC数量的重要因素。但光谱分析显示,随着土壤剖面的加深,DOC的宏观化学组成、结构趋于复杂,化学稳定性升高。尽管一些深层土层中DOC/SOC升高,但其DOC化学结构更为复杂,评价深层土壤SOC和DOC稳定性还应考虑其化学结构特性。     

Near-optimal control of a wave energy device in irregular waves with deterministic-model driven incident wave prediction

This paper investigates wave-by-wave control of a wave energy converter using incident wave prediction based on up-wave surface elevation measurement. The goal of control is to approach the hydrodynamically optimum velocity leading to optimum power absorption. This work aims to study the gains in energy conversion from a deterministic wave propagation model that accounts for a range of group velocities in deriving the prediction. The up-wave measurement distance is assumed to be small enough to allow a deterministic propagation model, and further, both wave propagation and device response are assumed to be linear. For deep water conditions and long-crested waves, the propagation process is also described using an impulse response function (e.g. [1]). Approximate low and high frequency limits for realistic band-limited spectra are used to compute the corresponding group velocity limits. The prediction time into the future is based on the device impulse response function needed for the evaluation of the control force. The up-wave distance and the duration of measurement are then determined using the group velocity limits above.A 2-body axisymmetric heaving device is considered, for which power capture is through the relative heave oscillation between the two co-axial bodies. The power take-off is assumed to be linear and ideal as well as capable of applying the necessary resistive and reactive load components on the relative heave oscillation. The predicted wave profile is used along with device impulse response functions to compute the actuator force components at each instant. Calculations are carried out in irregular waves generated using a number of uni-modal wave spectra over a range of energy periods and significant wave heights. Results are compared with previous studies based on the use of instantaneous up-wave wave-profile measurements, both without and with oscillation constraints imposed. Considerable improvements in power capture are observed with the present approach over the range of wave conditions studied.     

地基GPS低高度角观测反演大气折射率廓线的模拟仿真

用价值函数的最优估计方法,发展了地基GPS弯曲角和相位观测联合反演大气折射率廓线的算法. 在价值函数中提出了一个比较合理的权系统;通过四参数形式的折射率模型,采用变分同化技术,反演出大气折射率廓线. 模拟结果显示,地基GPS观测反演得到的低层大气折射率廓线与真值吻合较好,并可以应用到大气波导的探测.     

RESEARCH ON NEOGENE-QUATERNARY STRATIGRAPHIC STRUCTURE AND SHALLOW TECTONIC FEATURES IN THE NORTH SECTION OF DAXING FAULT ZONE BASED ON SHALLOW SEISMIC REFLECTION PROFILING

The Daxing Fault is an important buried fault in the Beijing sub-plain, which is also the boundary fault of the structural unit between Langgu sub-sag and Daxing sub-uplift. So far, there is a lack of data on the shallow tectonic features of the Daxing Fault, especially for the key structural part of its northern section where it joins with the Xiadian Fault. In this paper, the fine stratigraphic classifications and shallow tectonic features of the northern section in the main Daxing Fault are explored by using three NW-trending shallow seismic reflection profiles. These profiles pass through the Daxing earthquake(M6¾)area in 1057AD and the northern section of the main Daxing Fault. The results show that seven strong reflection layers(T₀₁—T₀₃, T_Q and T₁₁—T₁₃)are recognized in the strata of Neogene and Quaternary beneath the investigated area. The largest depth of strong reflection layer(T₁₃)is about 550~850ms, which is interpreted as an important surface of unconformity between Neogene and Paleogene or basement rock. The remaining reflection layers, such as T₀₁ and T_Q, are interpreted as internal interfaces in Neogene to Quaternary strata. There are different rupture surfaces and slip as well as obviously different structural features of the Daxing Fault revealed in three shallow seismic reflection profiles. The two profiles(2-7 and 2-8)show obvious rupture surfaces, which are the expression of Daxing Fault in shallow strata. Along the profile(2-6), which is located at the end of the Daxing fault structure, a triangle deformation zone or bending fracture can be identified, implying that the Daxing Fault is manifested as bending deformation instead of rupture surfaces at its end section. This unique structural feature can be explained by a shearing motion at the end of extensional normal fault. Therefore, the Daxing Fault exhibits obviously different tectonic features of deformation or displacement at different structural locations. The attitude and displacement of the fault at the shallow part are also different to some extent. From the southwest section to the northeast section of the fault, the dip angle gradually becomes gentler(80°~60°), the upper breakpoint becomes deeper(160~600m), and the fault displacement in Neogene to Quaternary strata decreases(80~0m). Three shallow seismic reflection profiles also reveal that the Daxing Fault is a normal fault during Neogene to early Quaternary, and the deformation or displacement caused by the activity of the fault reaches the reflection layer T₀₂. This depth is equivalent to the sedimentary strata of late Early-Pleistocene. Therefore, the geometry and morphology of the Daxing Fault also reveal that the early normal fault activity has continued into the Early Pleistocene, but the evidence of activity is not obvious since the late Pleistocene. The earthquakes occurring along the Daxing Fault, such as Daxing earthquake(M6¾)in 1057AD, may not have much relation with this extensional normal fault, but with another new strike-slip fault. A series of focal mechanism solutions of modern earthquakes reveal that the seismic activity is closely related to the strike-slip fault. The Daxing Fault extends also downwards into the lower crust, and may be cut by the steeply dipping new Xiadian Fault on deep seismic reflection profile. The northern section of the Daxing Fault strikes NNE, with a length of about 23km, arranged in a right step pattern with the Xiadian Fault. Transrotational basins have been developed in the junction between the northern Daxing Fault and the southern Xiadian Fault. Such combined tectonic features of the Daxing Fault and Xiadian Fault evolute independently under the extensional structure background and control the development of the Langgu sub-sag and Dachang sub-sag, respectively.     

单站地基GPS天顶延迟反演大气剖面研究

基于一定的大气折射率剖面模型和搜索方法,可以由GPS天顶延迟反演大气折射率剖面。利用上海气象站的探空数据和上海IGS站的GPS数据,对基于单站地基GPS天顶延迟的大气折射率剖面反演方法进行了验证。结果表明,根据目前处理得到的天顶延迟,反演剖面与实际剖面吻合较好。     

云南红土型金矿床地质特征及成矿条件研究

红土型金矿是云南找金工作的主攻类型之一。云南新构造期运动是红土型金矿的主成矿期,地壳的快速抬升,古气候与古地貌的变化,表现出红土型风化壳剖面发育不全,成熟度低,厚度不大,对基岩含金性依存度高等特点。云南红土型金矿成矿作用为红土化作用的初、中期阶段,其金矿类型有岩控型、层控型和构控型三种。     

吉林陨石的热释光剖面与母体宇宙暴露历史示踪

对３个已知取样浓度和３个未知取样部位的吉林陨石样品的热释光研究表明,其自然热释光值具有宇宙成因核素含量相似的性质即浓度分布效应,随着样品距离表面位置的增大而降低,这表征了母体暴露期间宇宙射线的分布状况。诱导热释光数据表明,母体表面部分的样品的峰温和峰宽高于较深部位样品,说明这些样品中发光体矿物由有序态向无序态转化趋势明显。表面位置样品明显高的热释光数据说明在母体暴露过程中,除了银河宇宙射线外,太阳