Airline and Airport Choice by Passengers in Multi-Airport Regions: The Effect of Southwest Airlines∗

The business strategy of Southwest Airlines (SWA) features low fares and direct flights between major cities. To minimize aircraft turnaround times, SWA favors smaller, urban-fringe airports over larger, more congested airports. We surveyed passengers flying to the multi-airport regions of Boston–Providence and Baltimore–Washington to assess how many and what types of passengers choose their less convenient airport and why. Maps of final destinations illustrate a reverse traffic shadow favoring smaller airports served by SWA. Motives for choosing less convenient airports include cheaper fares, fewer delays, and easier ground transport. Logit analysis confirms that leisure travel, traveling with family, and frequent flyer membership significantly affect the choice of a less convenient airport.     

北京航空旅客出行特征及新机场旅客分担

本文基于北京市大样本航空旅客问卷调查, 采用结构相似系数和序数逻辑回归模型对398 份普通旅客问卷和3942 份航空旅客问卷定量分析发现:北京地区的旅客出行具有“近谷远峰”的空间性, 其对交通方式的选择具有“航进陆退”的发展趋势和“近汽远飞”的空间特征;基于票价、时间、舒适和自由等4 大因素, 旅客按照供需结构相似决策机制, 选择出行交通方式;年龄和性别对航空旅客出行的影响不显著, 教育程度和月收入水平对航空旅客的“时间价值”、“乘机比例”和“乘机频率”均有正向影响, 其中月收入水平影响最大;公商务旅客主要选择飞机和动车出行, 度假旅游者主要选择动车和飞机出行, 探亲访友者主要选择长途汽车和自驾车出行, 学生主要选择火车和长途汽车出行。基于时间价值和效用函数, 采用logit 模型计算出北京新机场对北京市航空旅客的分担率为41.2%。     

空港经济区空间结构演变及驱动机制——以上海虹桥国际机场为例

基于微观企业数据,对上海虹桥国际机场的空港经济区范围进行界定,并借助GIS 技术,综合圈层分析和热点分析方法,研究区内空间结构演变。结果表明：空港经济区范围逐渐扩大,由初期单向扩张转变为多方位扩张;圈层分化特征明显,临空指向度分析显示,随着临空指向由强而弱,企业集聚空间自机场中心向外围推移,行业分析显示,主要行业如航空运输业、运输代理业、道路运输业由内而外依次布局,而零售业作为基础服务行业,规模与各圈层企业规模高度耦合;企业热点区由点状向轴线演变,“南重北轻、东强西弱”格局形成。机场规模、机场区功能分区、机场区管制和临空指向等构成虹桥空港经济区空间结构演变的内生动力,而集聚经济、可达性和城区方位构成外在动力。     

高原重要机场航班延误的气象因素分析

通过对四川航空公司2005～2006年高原特殊机场航班延误的气象资料分析,得出影响高原机场最大的气象要素为低云、低能见度以及顺风超标等。并针对航班延误比较多的高原机场进行详细的数据统计以及气象特征分析,为排班工作提供参考。     

基于范围界定的长三角主要空港经济区综合发育比较研究

基于工商企业数据的实证研究表明：2013年长三角主要机场均已形成空港经济区,空间半径从2.3 km到7.2 km不等;用地向主城、机场出入口、货站、周边发达城镇扩张,非农建设用地比例普遍达50%上;企业规模和临空强度明显高于周边地区,制造业比例均高于55%,但临空制造业比例基本低于10%,服务业比例低至20%左右,生产性服务业发育滞后,运输业比例从1%到20%不等,差距较大。综合评估表明：上海浦东、无锡处于成长阶段后期,杭州、南京为成长阶段前期,宁波、温州处于起步阶段。影响要素分析表明,机场是发育的主导力量,城市影响力次之。机场定位、运输规模、区域经济与科技创新有效推动了空港经济区发展,机场地区交通作用更显著,但机场与主城距离基本无影响。     

机场净空GIS快速评定方法研究

本文通过对机场净空规格进行分析,建立了机场净空区障碍物限制面的数学模型。在此数学模型的基础上使用ArcGIS、AutoCAD软件建立净空限制面三角网高程模型,并进行三维显示以及净空评定,为使用地理信息系统进行净空管理创造条件。     

Ecological Rehabilitation Measures in Civil Airport Construction Projects in Different Ecologically Vulnerable Regions in China

Numerous airports have been constructed based on the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Civil Aviation Development of China. We collected relevant data on the number and distribution of civil airports, the construction of which had started or that had been assessed and approved. Based on a comparative analysis of the limits of ecological restoration in different ecologically vulnerable areas from the perspective of space, as well as an examination of ecological sensitivity factors in the ecosystems surrounding airport construction projects, suggestions concerning key ecological control techniques to be employed in airport construction projects in different ecologically vulnerable areas are put forward. The results showed that the airport construction projects recently approved by the Ministry of Water Resources and the Environmental Protection Agency are mainly distributed in the ecologically vulnerable areas of the Red Soil Hilly Area in southern China, the Karst Rocky Desertification Area in southwest China, the Agro-pastoral Ecotone in the southwestern mountain region, and the Desert-Oasis Connecting Belt in northwest China. The airport construction projects in the southwest mountain area, the hilly areas of southern China, and in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau are mainly based on the ecological technologies of slope protection, interception and drainage management, and vegetation restoration, respectively. In the arid and semi-arid areas, the ecological control technology employed in airport construction is mainly the rational utilization of water resources and reduction or mitigation of the effects of sandstorms. This study aims to serve as basis for soil and water conservation plans in airport construction projects and accelerate ecosystem restoration within the vicinity of airport construction sites.     

贡嘎山极高山区的降水分布特征探讨

从贡嘎山东坡的河川径流观测数据，根据径流形成原理反推高海拔地带的降水变化趋势，发现海拔＞３６００ｍ的地区降水仍在增长．利用径流、蒸发和冰雪消融资料算出极高山区降水的垂直梯度值１９—６６ｍｍ／ｈｍ，其结果与较低位置相邻雨量站观测值（７４ｍｍ／ｈｍ）相吻合．通过降水与气温的垂直梯度变化规律，还可以掌握高山无人带的雨雪变化动态，这对于阐明林线附近的水分特征，研究冰川物质的来源具有重要的参考价值．     

贡嘎山亚高山林地碳的累积和消散

Based on biomass investigations, soil respiration and plant photosynthesis measurement ofdominant trees in Hailuogou valley of Mt. Gongga, Southwest China, the carbon (C) storage,absorption and release for several typical woodlands in sub-alpine zones have been discussed. ForAbies fabri forest of 3,000 m above sea level, the C storage amount is 177.4 t/ha for above-groundbiomass and 143.2 t/ha for soil below-ground biomass. The annual gross C fixed by vegetationphotosynthesis is 20-24 t/ha. The C release by canopy respiration is 3.0-5.5 t/ha for arbors and 10-19t/ha for surface soil and roots. The annual net C fixed of forest ecosystem is about 6.0-7.1 t/ha. Atlower elevations, the amount of C released by woodlands is higher than that of woods at higherelevations. The C fixed capacity of renewed forest with middle-aged trees is higher than that of matureforest. Before becoming over-matured forest, woodland is an important sink of C whereas bareland inwoods is the source of atmospheric C.     

The carbon accumulation and dissipation features of sub-alpine woodland in Mt. Gongga

Based on biomass investigations, soil respiration and plant photosynthesis measurement of dominant trees in Hailuogou valley of Mt. Gongga, Southwest China, the carbon (C) storage, absorption and release for several typical woodlands in sub-alpine zones have been discussed. For Abies fabri forest of 3,000 m above sea level, the C storage amount is 177.4 t/ha for above-ground biomass and 143.2 t/ha for soil below-ground biomass. The annual gross C fixed by vegetation photosynthesis is 20-24 t/ha. The C release by canopy respiration is 3.0-5.5 t/ha for arbors and 10-19 t/ha for surface soil and roots. The annual net C fixed of forest ecosystem is about 6.0-7.1 t/ha. At lower elevations, the amount of C released by woodlands is higher than that of woods at higher elevations. The C fixed capacity of renewed forest with middle-aged trees is higher than that of mature forest. Before becoming over-matured forest, woodland is an important sink of C whereas bareland in woods is the source of atmospheric C.