贡嘎山东麓第四纪冰川作用与磨西台地成因探讨

青藏高原东部的最高峰贡嘎山（海拔7556m)东麓磨西河流域发育了三次更新世冰期，分别为雅家埂、南门关、贡嘎冰期，其中燕子沟的倒数第二次冰期（南门关冰期）的冰川一直伸到磨西镇下街磨西饭店北，古冰川阻塞主谷，在新兴与南门关沟之间的堡子坝区形成冰川阻塞湖，在磨西镇上街东，该期古冰川覆盖在谢家河坝东面山坡上，融水切形成峡谷，冰退过程中又在峡谷西基岩丘社形成该期古冰川覆盖在谢家河坝东面山坡上，融水深切形成峡谷，冰退过程中又在峡谷西基岩丘陵旁形成冰水湖，南门关冰期后的间冰期时，小湖变干发育了红色古土壤层，该期的红色古土壤层在磨用镇下街南的古冰川与冰川泥石流沉积层顶面也有保存。证明磨西台地的主体为倒数第二次冰期的冰川堆积物，其中也包括有冰水砂砾层透镜体和冰湖相等沉积，磨西台地出露地表的巨大砾石，直径在10－20m之间，多数为冰川表面的消融碛，也可能有冰川泥充夹带的大岩块，磨西台地两侧断续分布有4级冰水阶地以及磨西饭店以下的磨西台地尾部均为末次期后期至全新世的冰水沉积，其中也含有泥石流堆积物。     

三峡机场高填方土基沉降观测与计算研究

运用工程测量与土力学计算相结合的方法并考虑飞机荷重的影响，将各种方法的计算结果进行综合分析，合理地拟定了三峡机场高填方土基剩余沉降量、倾斜、土基固结度和回弹模量等技术值，为高填方土基面上混凝土施工期决策及时地提供了科学依据，据此而进行的施工，经竣工验收和4年来的通航检验，证明土基稳定，运行安全。     

郑州航空港区地热资源及开发利用

郑州航空港区位于郑州市东南方向25km,目前航空港区连接市区的供热管道没有贯通,港区供热是个亟待解决的问题。根据计算与评价结果,航空港区内浅层地热能较不适宜采用地下水换热方式开发,较适宜地埋管换热方式开发;深层地热新近系温热水主要分布在孟庄镇—龙王乡一线以东区域,热储层温度43℃—48℃,宜井深度500～1200m,单井出水量15～20m~3/h;奥陶系—寒武系温热水主要分布在孟庄镇—龙王乡一线以西区域,热储层温度43℃—82℃,宜井深度1800～3000m,单井出水量大于20～25m~3/h。对郑州航空港区地热资源进行开发利用,可有效解决港区目前的供热问题。     

贡嘎山暗针叶林区森林蒸散发特征与模拟

通过对贡嘎山森林区的蒸发实验观测,利用修正的Penman-Monteith公式对地面和冷杉林蒸散进行模拟,并与水面实际观测资料进行对比。结果显示:控制该区蒸散的主导因子是太阳有效辐射、大气温度以及植被类型;对裸地、灌草、森林模拟的年内变化过程与水面蒸发的实际观测值趋势一致,分别在4月和9月出现两个明显的蒸发高峰。原始Penman公式可以用于裸露地面和短草地面的蒸发计算,然而对森林蒸散发应采用Penman-Monteith公式模拟,其模拟结果显示,在非生长季节森林蒸散发低于非森林地面,而在森林生长季节的蒸散发比非林地要高,其变化差异在±25%之间。因此修正的Penman-Monteith公式是森林地区水量平衡计算的有效工具。     

Experimental study on N_2O and CH_4 fluxes from the dark coniferous forest zone soil of the Gongga Mountain, China

The increasing concentration of greenhouse gas in the atmosphere and their resultant climatic and environmental changes have been drawing much attention of the governments of various countries in recent years. The sphere of global influence and the comp…     

Natural gradient experiment on transport of jet fuel derived hydrocarbons in an unconfined sandy aquifer

This paper deals with a field experiment, combining the push–pull and tracer tests, conducted under natural gradient conditions at the international Oslo airport. The studied aquifer, showing very complex hydrogeological settings, has been contaminated by a jet fuel spill. The tracer solutes—bromide, toluene, o-xylene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene and naphthalene, have been injected into the plume. Their migration and changes in concentration of the electron acceptors and metabolic by-products have been monitored. Fast removal of both the non-reactive tracer as well as the aromatic organics has been observed. The tracer pulse could only be detected 2 m downgradient from the injection points. At this point, toluene and o-xylene have been completely removed, however, trimethylbenzenes and naphthalene have been detected. Their depletion, based on calculations of available electron acceptors, can, to a large extent, be accounted for intrinsic biodegradation, with Fe(III) and sulphate reductions as the major controlling processes.     

Distribution characteristics of SOM and nitrogen on the eastern slope of Gongga Mountain

The distribution of soil organic matter (SOM) and nitrogen on Gongga Mountain was studied in this paper. The results showed that the content of SOM and nitrogen (N) of A horizon had an ascending trend with the increase of the elevation. The vegetation types distributed higher than the mixed broad-leaved and coniferous forest have the irregular trends. In the transitional zone vegetation such as mixed trees and treeline, the content of SOM and N is higher than other vegetation types. The distribution of SOM and N of A horizon is dependent on the synthetic effect of climate and vegetation types. The vertical distribution of SOM and N in soil profiles has the similar trends for all kinds of vegetation types, i.e., the content of A horizon is higher than that of the B and C horizons, which is the same to the distribution of dead animal and plant in soil. The soil C:N is between 7 and 25, which is relatively low comparing to the appropriate C:N of 25-30. The ratio of soil carbon to nitrogen (C:N) increases with the increase of the elevation, but its vertical distribution in soil horizons varies with different vegetation types. The N exists in SOM mainly in the form of organic nitrogen, and the soil C:N correlates significantly with SOM.     

贡嘎山地区泥石流形成的水热组合分析

贡嘎山位于青藏高原东缘、大雪山脉中南段,区域地形地貌复杂,气候多变,泥石流活动频繁。近年来,随着全球气候变暖,冰川的退缩,泥石流灾害日趋严重。对近40 a来该区泥石流发生的年际、年内和暴发前夕的水热组合分析发现:湿热的水热组合最有利于泥石流的形成,泥石流类型不同,其水热组合也存在一定的差异。冰川泥石流暴发的年内降水变化曲线多呈双峰或多峰型,气温曲线一般呈单峰型,而冰雪雨水型泥石流暴发当月的气温和降水都比较高,气温和降水变化曲线一般都呈单峰型。     

2017年7月一次微下击暴流背景的多尺度特征

利用中尺度数值模式WRFV3.6模拟了2017年7月12日宁波机场附近的一次微下击暴流天气过程,结合浙江省自动站资料、机场自动观测数据、多普勒天气雷达资料等分析微下击暴流成因,结果表明：此次微下击暴流是由海风锋触发的强雷雨引起的,机场自动观测数据显示的风、温、压等气象要素的变化均呈现出明显的微下击暴流特征;数值模式较好地模拟出微下击暴流的水平风场结构;拖曳作用、下沉过程中冰雹融化、液态水和雨水持续蒸发降温作用是形成此次下击暴流的重要原因;低层位温扰动加强了垂直运动,中低层位涡异常增大区与雷暴强降水区域有较好对应关系。     

机场打击效果评估模型与方法

针对机场的特点,从物理毁伤、功能毁伤以及恢复能力等角度出发,建立了机场目标二级模糊综合评估指标体系。通过基于灰度差值的变化检测方法分析打击前后图像,并根据三角模糊隶属函数确定隶属度,引入了基于模糊一致性矩阵的FAHP法确定各指标权重,得出目标毁伤等级。其中,重点对飞机跑道进行打击效果评估研究,对搜索MOS算法进行了优化。实验表明,该评估模型能够对机场打击效果进行有效的评估。