重庆金佛山石笋的同位素年龄和古气候信息

对采自重庆金佛山梁天湾洞穴的一根长达295mm的石笋进行了高精度的TIM S-U系定年和碳氧稳定同位素测试分析,初步建立了末次冰期晚期( 31. 90～15. 21 ka B. P. )以来长江中游地区较高分辨率的古气候变化序列。石笋大约从31.90kaB. P.开始沉积,至15. 21kaB. P.沉积结束,属于末次冰期晚期的产物,其平均沉积速率为1. 77mm /100a。从石笋的氧同位素曲线中明显地检出了Heinrich事件,并且氧同位素曲线与周边地区的石笋记录有着良好的对比关系。      

利用卫星高度计资料分析热带大西洋表层环流的季节性变化

利用1993年4月至2001年3月的TOPEX/POSEIDON卫星高度计遥感资料,研究了热带大西洋(15°S-25°N,50°W-5°W)海面高度距平和表层环流结构的季节性变化。研究结果表明:夏季和冬季海面高度距平分布呈相反的结构,低纬度海区(0°-15°N之间的海区)海表风应力旋度所产生的Ekman抽吸而导致的海面升降是该海区海面高度距平季节性振荡的重要影响因素。热带大西洋表层流结构大部分海域季节变化不明显,部分流系具有明显季节振荡,东向的北赤道逆流夏季强度较大,冬、春季流速较小;非洲沿岸流冬季流向为东南向,其他季节流向为东北向。值得一提的是,几内亚海湾表层流秋、冬季为东向,而春、夏季为西向。通过卫星跟踪ARGOS漂流浮标观测结果进行的对比验证表明,上述遥感资料分析的表层地转流场与海上观测结果一致。     

胶州湾浮游植物遗传多样性及其季节变化研究

分别于春、夏、秋三季提取了胶州湾浮游生物总DNA,用PCR方法扩增了浮游植物核酮糖1,5-二磷酸羧化/氧化酶大亚基(rbcL)基因片段,构建了三季节rbcL基因片段质粒文库.随机从各文库中选择约50个克隆,测定了这些克隆的序列.以氨基酸序列相同为标准,共获得59个分类操作单元(OTUs),其中春季特有的21个,夏季特有的13个,秋季特有的23个.有两个OTUs为春、夏季表层海水共有.基于OTU丰度计算的香农氏指数能反映遗传多样性水平.胶州湾春、夏、秋三季的香农氏指数分别为2.69,2.44和2.76,表明秋季胶州湾浮游植物遗传多样性最丰富.春、夏、秋三季浮游植物群落组成差异显著.除夏秋季有两个OTUs相同外,其他OTUs在季节间完全不同.表层海水浮游植物群落结构是动态的,随时间、空间的不同而变化.     

东海沿岸海水表层温度的变化特征及变化趋势

根据东海沿岸引水船、嵊山、大陈、南麂、北礵、平潭、厦门和东山8个海洋观测站的40a表层海水温度(SST)资料进行了统计与分析.研究结果表明:东海沿岸SST主要受制于太阳辐射,呈南高北低分布,但也不同程度地受到当地地理环境、气候环境、水文环境的影响;SST的年变化具有显著的年周期和半年周期;东海沿岸SST存在多种显著周期的振荡,且南北测站SST的主导振荡有差异;就近40a的资料而言,东海沿岸的SST总体呈上升趋势,其中冬季上升幅度最大,暖冬是SST总体呈上升趋势的重要因素.     

ANALYSIS OF CHANGING FLOOD CHARACTERISTICS IN SOUTH CHINA DURING THE RECENT 50 YEARS

1 INTRODUCTION The trend of drought and flood variation has been a wide concern among scientists in the background of climate warming in the late 20th century[1]. Both of them are serious natural disasters that regularly take place in China. Relevant studies have shown that there are roughly the same number of stations in China showing increasing rainfall as those showing decreasing rainfall over the past 50 years. There are no obvious trends of variation of annual precipitation averaged…     

吉林中部平原区地下水温动态变化影响因素的关联度分析

以吉林中部平原区为例,分析了孔隙潜水、孔隙承压水以及白垩系孔隙裂隙承压水温度的多年变化特征,并采用灰色关联度分析方法,确定了各含水层地下水温度与地下水埋深、气温、降水量之间的关联性,分析了影响其变化的主要因素。结果表明,对于3组含水层,从20世纪80年代初至2001年的近20年间,地下水温度都有不同程度的上升。对于孔隙潜水和孔隙承压水,地下水温度呈上升变化的本质原因是全球气候逐年变暖,而地下水活动和大气降水的增强起到了促进作用,特别是对孔隙承压水温度的上升作用更加明显;对于白垩系孔隙裂隙承压水,其温度呈上升变化则主要是由该含水层被普遍超采所引起的。     

利用随机天气模式及多种插值方法生成逐日气候变化情景的研究

针对目前大气环流模式在用于气候变化影响评估研究中时间分辨率较低的局恨性, 以及气候情景的要求和气候变化影响研究的需要, 结合GCM的模拟试验结果, 利用随机天气模式WGEN生成了中国东北地区未来气候变化的逐日情景, 其中包含了可能的气候变率信息, 可与作物动力模式等气候影响模式嵌套, 研究作物生长发育及其产量的可能变化, 及气候变率变化的可能影响等.     

ANALYSIS OF THE ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH OVER CHINA IN 1980s*

This paper retrieves the yearly and monthly mean 0.75μm aerosol optical depth(AOD) of 41 A-class solar radiation stations over China from 1979 to 1990,and analyzes the spatial and temporal distribution of AOD over China mainland.The data employed are daily direct solar radiation and sunshine duration,as well as the TOMS version-7 ozone observation data in the same time.The results indicate that the Siehuan Basin is the largest center of yearly mean AOD over China.and the other two larger centers lie in Wuhan City and the South Xinjiang Basin,separately.AOD values are also relatively larger in the middle-and-lower reaches area of Changjiang River.Shandong Peninsula and coastal area of Guangdong Province:while in Yunnan Province,coastal area of Fujian Province.most parts of Northwest and Northeast China,AOD values are relatively smaller.The distribution of AOD varies with different months.In most parts of China.the maximum of AOD occurs in spring season;but the minimum varies in different regions,From 1979 to 1990.in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,West Siehuan Basin,North Guizhou Province.most areas of the middle-and-lower reaches of Changjiang River,Shandong Peninsula and west part of South Xinjiang Basin.AOD shows an increasing trend.But in Northeast China,most part of Northwest China,Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau,western Guangxi Region and the coastal areas of East China,AOD shows decreasing tendency.Generally,the seasonal variation characteristics of AOD in China can be classified into four typical models,i.e.,mono-modal types A and B,bimodal and Poly-modal.     

PECULIARITIES OF LONG TERM VARIATION OF SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE IN TROPICAL WESTERN PACIFIC OCEAN

It is necessary to study the tropical western Pacific SST in association with variations of other parts of the globe. Two basic compositions are revealed of long-term variation in SST over three major tropical oceans since the 1950's (linear warming and El Nino-La Nina oscillations) and typical patterns with which they are displayed over the oceans are compared. On the basis of it, difference in long-term variation of SST over western, central and eastern tropical Pacific is analyzed in details. It is pointed out that the El Nino-La Nina oscillations are relatively weak in the long-term variation of SST in the tropical western Pacific and linear warming trend there is replaced by interdecadal oscillations. Further understanding of the peculiarity over the region helps improve short-term climatic predictions in China.     

中国陆地生态系统净初级生产力时空特征模拟

In this paper,we use CEVSA,a process-based model,which has been validated on regional and global scales,to explore the temporal and spatial patterns of Net Primary Productivity (NPP) and its responses to interannual Climate fluctuations in China‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘s terrestrial ecosystems over the period 1981-1998,The estimated results suggest that ,in this study period,the averaged annual total NPP is about 3.09 Gt C/yr^-1 and average NPP is about 342 g C/m^2,The results also showed that the precipitaion was the key factor determining the spsatial distribution and temporal trends of NPP. Temporally,the total NPP exhibited a slowly increasing trend.In some ENSO years( e.g.1982,1986,1997)NPP decreased clearly compared to the previous year,but the relationship between ENSO and NPP is decreased clearly compared to the previous year,but the relationship between ENSO and NPP is complex due to the integrated effects of monsoons and regional differentiation. Spatially,the relatively high NPP occurred at the middle high latitudes,the low latitudes and the lower appeared at the middle latitudes,On national scale,precipitaion is the key conntro factor on NPP variations and there exists a weak correlation between NP and temperature ,but regional responses are greatly different.