末次冰期最盛期沂河汤头—刘道口段古河槽特征

选择沂河汤头—刘道口段作为研究河段。在船流街—解家庄断面进行了电测法物探和钻探工作。搜集了柳杭橡胶坝、解放路沂河大桥、陶然路沂河大桥、罗程路沂河大桥等钻孔资料。根据物探、钻探结果及钻孔资料,绘制了船流街—解家庄、柳杭橡胶坝附近、解放路沂河大桥附近、陶然路沂河大桥附近及罗程路沂河大桥附近5个断面的沂河古河槽地质剖面示意图。在船流街、解家庄、柳杭、祊河大桥南岸及陶然路大桥附近沂河河槽等剖面采集了~(14)C及光释光(OSL)年代样品,样品分别在美国BETA实验室、北京大学AMS 14C实验室、南京师范大学光释光实验室等进行了测试,获得了26个年代结果。结论认为,船流街附近约70 m以下、柳杭橡胶坝附近约69.53 m以下、解放路沂河大桥附近约55.09 m以下、陶然路沂河大桥附近约50.36 m以下、罗程路沂河大桥附近约56.35 m以下的河槽,为末次冰期最盛期时的沂河古河槽,古河槽宽深比较大,河槽宽浅;沂河古河槽底部基岩岩性复杂,断裂带发育。由于断裂构造、岩性、支流汇入等,沂河古河槽在解放路沂河大桥、陶然路沂河大桥附近形成局部深切;末次冰期最盛期,沂河汤头—刘道口段属于辫状河。     

天山乌鲁木齐河源末次冰期冰川沉积光释光测年

乌鲁木齐河源地区是中国冰川遗迹保存最丰富、地貌最典型的区域之一,是根据冰川遗迹重建第四纪冰川历史的理想地区。大量的研究工作以及技术测年结果也使其成为试验冰川沉积光释光（optically stimulated luminescence,OSL）测年可行性的理想地点。共采集了6个冰碛及上覆黄土样品用于光释光测年。提取38~63 μm的石英颗粒,运用SAR-SGC法测试等效剂量。各种检验表明测试程序是适用的。通过地貌地层关系、重复样品、已有年代的对比等方法,检验该地冰川沉积OSL测年的可行性。结果表明,OSL年代结果与地貌地层新老关系非常吻合,与已有的其他测年技术的年代结果也具可比性,表明这些样品的OSL信号在沉积之前晒退较好,OSL年代是可信的。冰川观测站侧碛垄的OSL年代为14.8±1.2 ka;9号冰川支谷口附近冰碛的OSL年代为13.5±1.1 ka和17.2±1.3 ka;上望峰冰碛的OSL年代为20.1±1.6 ka。综合OSL年代结果与此前其他测年结果,这几套冰碛垄形成于深海氧同位素MIS 2阶段应该是比较统一的认识。上望峰冰碛上覆黄土的OSL年代（10.5±0.8 ka）也印证了该结论。OSL年代指示上望峰冰碛对应于末次冰期最盛期,冰川观测站和9号冰川支谷谷口冰碛对应于晚冰期。下望峰冰碛的OSL年代为36.3±2.8 ka,对应于MIS 3阶段。下望峰冰碛的形成时代,仍有待更多沉积学以及测年工作进一步确定。     

末次冰盛期气候反馈特征研究

末次冰盛期(Last Glacial Maximum,简称LGM)被认为是较适合用来估算气候系统响应对辐射强迫变化的古气候区间之一.理解LGM时期气候反馈过程有助于进一步限定气候敏感度的范围.本研究利用辐射核方法和参加第三次古气候模式比较计划(Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project Phase Ⅲ,简称PMIP3)的8个耦合模式资料,对比研究了LGM时期与abrupt4xCO2(4CO2)情景下的气候反馈特征.结果表明:全球平均而言,不同情景下温度反馈、水汽反馈和反照率反馈的强度存在显著差异,然而这一关系并不存在于云反馈过程中,这可能与情景间/模式间云反馈的不确定性相联系;在不同情景下,不同反馈过程强度也存在明显空间差异.温度反馈过程的差异主要来源于LGM时期大陆冰盖强迫引起的温度变化的高度空间不均一性和海陆分布改变引起的热带对流活动的变化;水汽反馈变化可能与海陆分布变化引起的沃克环流变化以及全球降温相联系;大陆冰盖和海冰存在是导致LGM时期地表反照率反馈增加的主要原因;而云反馈的差异可能与低云云量和模式间不确定性有关.LGM时期单独强迫数值试验将有助于进一步厘清不同气候状态下气候反馈过程差异的原因.     

末次冰期毛乌素沙地湖泊消涨过程:沉积证据

毛乌素沙地位于东亚季风边缘区,对于气候变化响应敏感.基于沙地的侵蚀-堆积关系,在侵蚀作用为主的沙地西北部和中部很难找到沉积相对连续且分辨率较高的地层剖面,因此已有的末次冰期古气候环境研究多集中于堆积作用为主的沙地东南缘的萨拉乌苏河河谷地区.本文选取位于沙地腹地,厚度为3.5 m的风成砂-河湖相沉积序列——神水台(SSTG)剖面为研究对象,基于AMS 14C和OSL年代数据,推测得出剖面中湖相层的上界和下界分别为约24.2 ka B.P .和42.7ka B.P.,依据沉积地层和环境代用指标分析结果,针对末次冰期毛乌素沙地湖泊消涨的一般过程进行了探讨.结果表明,自约5万年以来,由神水台(SSTG)剖面指示了两次明显的湖泊主要发育期,时间分别约为42.7~34.3 ka B.P.和31.1~24.2 ka B.P.,期间粘土含量、有机质、红度均表现为低值,为含淡水螺壳化石的典型湖泊相沉积,且与毛乌素沙地已有湖泊发育的年代结果基本一致.在两期湖相层之间的砂层,平均粒径、砂含量表现为峰值,指示了一次明显的湖泊消退的过程,其时间约为34.3~31.1 ka B.P.;在湖相层上下可能均为风力作用为主导的风沙沉积.通过区域对比并初步探讨其可能的驱动机制,结果表明SSTG剖面记录的湖泊消涨过程主要受控于东亚季风强度的变化.     

天津—河北沿海钻孔地层中的末次盛冰期下切河谷

文章回顾了1965年李四光先生追寻末次冰期对环境影响的讲话,以及40余年来在天津-河北沿海钻孔地层中、末次盛冰期下切河谷的发现过程。在源到汇过程中,起码自晚更新世以来,研究区已经是古黄河沉积区,多处发现的末次盛冰期下切河谷底板多位于30~32 m深度,低于全新统底板一般在20 m的深度;与长江口地区钻孔末次盛冰期下切河谷深62 m相比,研究区下切河谷规模不如前者,也没有一个统一的大河口。末次盛冰期下切河谷最远地点,是距现代海岸约80 km的河北省孟村回族自治县县城北侧,即西汉黄河亚三角洲叶瓣顶部。众多钻孔见早全新世快速沉积,只能是黄河支流有这样充足的泥沙供给,在局部顶托了早全新世海侵作用发生。      

Buried channels provide keys to infer Quaternary stratigraphic and paleo-environmental changes:A case study from the west coast of India

High resolution shallow seismic data was acquired from inner continental shelf of Goa,west coast of India to map underlying stratigraphic and buried geomorphic features of shelf strata.Seismic data revealed characteristic channel incisions beneath 4-15 m thick sediment layer and corresponds to multi cycle incisions.Stratigraphic analysis of these incision signatures reveals three prominent subaerial unconformities S6,S7 and S9.These unconformities were exposed during the last glacial,penultimate glacial(MIS-6)and prior to penultimate glacial(MIS-8)periods.On the basis of interpreted age of subaerial unconformities and differences in their morphological features,observed channel incisions have been divided grossly into three phases of incision.Phase-1 incisions are older than ～330 kyr BP,whereas,incisions of Phase-2 and Phase-3 correspond to ～320-125 kyr BP and ～115-10 kyr BP respectively.Plan form of these incisions varied from a straight channel type to ingrown meander and then to anastomosing channel types.These channels meet at the confluence of present-day Mandovi and Zuari rivers.The confluence point has varied in due course of time because of cyclic incision and burial with repeated sea level fluctuations.The preserved main channel width varies from ～100 m to 1000 m.and maximum channel depth reaches up to ～35 m.Comparison of quantitative and qualitative morphologic results of different phases of incisions suggest that Phase-2 channels had ～33% more mean bank full discharge than that of the Phase-3 channels.Phase-2 incisions had been carved in higher hydraulic energy condition as compared to Phase-3 incisions implying that the Indian summer monsoon was better during formative stages of Phase-2 incisions.     

银河年和地质年代表

根据地洼学说关于地壳演化的新理论,将地球置于银河系各级引力场研究,发现银河年与地球绕日运行周期(年)有许多相似之处,后者控制了地球上短期的生物兴衰和四季交替,前者是引起地球上长期冷热变化,导致全球的生物质变进化、冰川活动及海侵海退等循银河年周期发生的根本原因。银河年是建立理想地质年代表的基础,每一个银河年就是一个代。依目前天文观测及全球生物质变进化和冰期资料来看,银河年时距以260 Ma为宜。本文据此提出了一个新的地质年代表。     

Causes of model-data discrepancies in european climate during oxygen isotope stage 3 with insights from the last glacial maximum

Oxygen isotope stage 3 (OIS 3), encompassing the long middle section of the last glacial interval, has been the focus of an intensive high-resolution climate modeling effort for Europe. These model simulations produce substantially colder climates than modern simulations; however, the temperatures appear warmer than many proxy indicators suggest. In order to evaluate the importance of the model boundary conditions, comparable simulations are completed for the last glacial maximum (LGM). The LGM simulation produces a much colder European continent than OIS 3, despite similarities in the specification of sea-surface temperatures (SSTs). Ice-sheet dimension is evidently a key factor in explaining the difference in European climates over the past 40,000 yr. However, underestimates in specified OIS 3 ice sheets cannot be invoked to explain the discrepancies, since data strongly indicate small ice-sheet extents at that time; this leaves errors in specified OIS 3 SSTs as the most likely cause.     

"雪球"假说与塔里木板块新元古代冰川事件

近年来．新元古代冰期的奇特地层引发了学们对新元古代冰期环境特征与成因演化的研究热潮．各类假说和模型不断提出，Hooffman等人运用“雪球”假说对冰川沉积的低纬度和低海拔特征、冰室效应和温室效应的相互交替、盖碳酸盐岩的成因、稳定同位素变化的含义、冰期地层中铁矿的成因等均进行了较为合理的解释．近年国内在新疆塔里木展开了对新元古代冰川事件的研究．碳同位素和微量元素比值的研究成果，不仅进一步证明了前人提出的三期冰期的观点．而且从地球化学角度验证了“雪球”假说．     

A glacial chronology for the Fish Creek drainage of Boulder Mountain, Utah, USA

Boulder Mountain, located in South Central Utah, is one of several mountain ranges on the Colorado Plateau that was glaciated during the late Pleistocene. Using ³He exposure-age dating (corrected for non-cosmogenic ³He with shielded samples), we determined ³He exposure-ages for boulders from the most well-preserved moraines in the Fish Creek drainage of Boulder Mountain. ³He exposure-ages indicate a last glacial maximum (LGM) advance ∼23,100 ± 1300 to 20,000 ± 1400 yr ago and a later and smaller advance ∼16,800 ± 500 to 15,200 ± 500 yr ago. This chronology is very similar to other cosmogenic glacial chronologies from the Western U.S. and suggests that the timing of glacial advance and retreat on the Colorado Plateau was generally in phase with the rest of the Western U.S. during the late Pleistocene.