2005-2014年安徽省区域经济时空差异特征分析

采用多指标对安徽省2005—2014年的区域经济差异进行评价,并用变异系数、基尼系数对安徽省区域经济差异进行测度,分析10年来区域经济差异的演变;将位序-规模法则应用于县域经济的发展变化分析,运用空间自相关方法分析区域经济差异的空间格局,并从政策导向、地理区位等方面分析其原因。研究结果表明：10年来安徽省区域经济差异略有起伏,但总体相对稳定,近年来有逐渐缩小的趋势,区域之间有明显的集聚效应。     

整体式折线重力坝的深层抗滑稳定及加固研究

分别采用三维弹塑性有限元法和分项系数法,对非整体式和整体式折线重力坝的应力和深层抗滑稳定性进行了计算分析,得出整体式折线重力坝有效地改善了坝体的应力和变形状态,但对提高抗滑稳定性不一定有效的结论,并通过拱梁分载法解释了上述结论。采用高压旋喷灌浆进行加固,并提出了较优的加固范围。     

DEM analyses of one-dimensional compression and collapse behaviour of unsaturated structural loess

Natural loess is a kind of under-consolidated and unsaturated loose granulates (silts) with its microstructure characterized with large voids and inter-particle cementation. This paper presents a distinct element method (DEM) to investigate its macro- and micro-mechanical behaviour (compression and collapse behaviour) under one-dimensional (1D) compression condition. A relationship between bond strength in DEM model and initial water content is used to develop a bond contact model for loess. Then, DEM structural loess samples are prepared by the multi-layer under-compaction method, and cemented with the bond contact model. The effect of water content and void ratio on compression and collapse behaviour of loess is numerically investigated by simulating 1D compression and wetting tests on the DEM material. The DEM results agree qualitatively with available experimental observations in literatures. The wetting-induced deformation is independent of the sequence of wetting and loading under 1D compression condition. The macroscopic yielding and collapse behaviours are associated with bond breakage on microscopic scale. Moreover, bonds break in one of the two failure types in the simulations, i.e. tensile failure and shear failure (compression-shear failure and tension-shear failure), with bonds broken firstly mainly due to tension followed by shear when the samples are compressed, while mainly due to shear when the samples are wetted under a certain pressure. In addition, the contact orientations and deviator fabrics of contacts under 1D compression and wetting were also investigated.     

秘鲁南部Morrito铁矿矿体变化程度分析

Morrito铁矿严格受断裂构造控制,在空间上的厚度、品位有较大变化。利用统计学的方法,研究了矿脉厚度、品位的变化系数,对矿体的资源/储量估算及开采都有重要意义。对矿体厚度及品位变化系数的分析认为,矿体形态变化程度属"简单";矿体有用组分分布属"均匀";矿体倾向变化大于走向变化,并表现为不明显的方向性变化。     

水文地质参数对浅层地温能的影响分析

以丘陵地区某医院水源热泵系统为例,在建立耦合数学模型的基础上,利用TOUGH2软件,讨论含水层孔隙度以及渗透系数对潜水水热运移的影响,定量评价对热泵采能区域的温度场演化影响。在该研究区特定地质及水文地质条件下,含水层有效孔隙度和渗透系数等水文地质参数对热泵采能区域的温度场演化影响较明显。从而为研究类似地区的地下水环境变化有一定的借鉴意义。     

Stress fields and fault reactivation angles of the 2000 western Tottori aftershocks and the 2001 northern Hyogo swarm in southwest Japan

We estimated the stress fields of the aftershocks of the 2000 western Tottori earthquake (M_w 6.6) and the northern Hyogo swarm (max M_w 5.2) by a stress tensor inversion of moment tensor solutions reported from the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (Japan). The maximum principal stress direction of the western Tottori sequence was estimated as N107°E with a strike–slip regime. In the northern Hyogo swarm, the orientations of the principal stress directions could not be well constrained by the observed data, but after examining the detailed characteristics of the solution, we obtained a most probable solution of N113°E for the σ₁ direction. These solutions are consistent with the maximum horizontal directions roughly estimated from the strike directions of large earthquakes occurring geographically between these two seismic activities. We measured the angle between each fault–slip direction and maximum principal stress direction to investigate the frictional properties of earthquakes. The distribution of the angles was forward modeled to estimate the coefficient of friction and the stress ratio, assuming uniformly distributed fault orientations. For the western Tottori sequence, a homogeneous stress field with a coefficient of friction less than 0.4 was estimated. A high stress level was also suggested because very little change occurred in the stress field during the mainshock. For the northern Hyogo sequence, the coefficient of friction was estimated to be between 0.5 and 1.0.     

利用扣除系数法估算灌区沟渠和农路面积

研究扣除系数法估算灌区沟渠和农路面积,进而计算耕地面积。以宁夏灌区中宁县第二次土地调查成果为基础进行。主要结论是:沟渠路面积误差可控在15%以内,耕地面积误差可控在2%以内;平均综合工效提高6.5倍。     

中国纺织服装产业的空间集聚与区域转移

纺织服装产业是最早实现全球产业转移,也是产业转移特征最为明显的行业之一,对其研究可更真实、清晰地审视中国的产业转移路径和产业空间布局变化。本研究借助区位基尼系数和局部Moran 分析对全国地市层面2001-2009 年的纺织服装产业的空间集聚程度进行全局和局部空间可视化的定量测度,以产业中心的变化来追踪和分析该行业的产业转移路径。研究结果显示,基尼系数大于0.95 的主要是原料依赖性强的细分行业,对原料依赖性相对较低的细分行业在空间分布上则较分散;纺织服装产业的空间集聚程度非常高,但近些年来有微弱的下降趋势;产业分布的空间正相关性也在逐渐下降。中国纺织服装产业的区域转移,主要发生在山东和江浙一带的省内地市间,也呈现出向河南、安徽、江西等中部地区的部分地市转移的态势;互动性强的细分行业具有空间布局临近性,但总体上仍存在一定的空间分异性。     

武陵山片区扶贫重点县农村基本公共服务均衡化差异分析

实施农村基本公共服务均衡化是当前农村扶贫开发的重要思路和方向之一.本文选取武陵山连片特困区67个扶贫重点县,构建贫困地区农村基本公共服务评价指标体系,采用基于博弈论的主客观权重法,评价研究片区农村基本公共服务综合发展水平,并利用基尼系数与最小方差法从片区-省-县多角度测度研究片区农村基本公共服务维度指标的发展差异,揭示贫困县农村基本公共服务的空间差异特点,为农村基本公共服务资源的均衡化配置决策提供参考.结果表明:(1)片区层面上的农村基本公共服务整体质量不高,呈现出明显的西北高,东南低的态势,片区所辖湖北省和重庆市的整体发展水平较高;(2)片区整体农村公共安全服务维度发展不均衡,县域间存在较大差异,其它维度发展相对较好;(3)发展差异类型上,大多数县市是五维度主导型,麻阳县受双维度支配,德江县和石阡县是七维度联合型.     

县域聚落分布格局演变分析——基于1929-2013年河南巩义的实证研究

基于河南省巩义市1929-2013年的村庄数据,从位序—规模角度着手,使用齐夫指数、分形维数以及基尼系数,分别测度了近百年来县域聚落分布格局的演变。相对于城市,巩义市聚落等级规模具有如下特征：① 齐夫指数偏小但增长较快。大聚落发育不突出,具有农村聚落特征;但聚落规模越大,规模增加的速度越快,且二次项模型优于线性模型。② 分形维数偏大但降速加快。聚落体系等级差异增加,规模分布趋于集中。县域聚落规模只有增加到一定程度才能与城市表现出同样的规律。③ 聚落规模大小的基尼系数相对较小但增加显著,且增长率在1990s后加速,这与当地的城镇化发展过程具有密切关联。在空间上表现如下特征：① 沿河线状格局变化。核心聚落由“沿河平原线状”格局主导逐渐向“平原—丘陵片状”格局转变。② 网络等级结构形成。高等级聚落数量增加且规模增大,聚落等级增加,最终形成市场原则的5级等级结构。③ 核心聚落转移替代。县城迁移、工业化与城镇化带来聚落位序—规模变化,使核心聚落出现空间改变。