水电开发对河流水沙年内分配的影响分析

以中国西南重要的国际河流澜沧江为研究对象,借鉴"基尼系数"的构建思路,建立了水沙年内分配均匀度计算模型,并通过下游水沙与上游天然水沙和区域降水的关系,建立了河流水沙年内分配均匀度回归还原模型。还原结果与实测对比表明:漫湾、大朝山电站建设以来,澜沧江径流年内分配均匀度年均升高1.14%,变幅在-7.32%~10.81%之间,输沙年内分配均匀度年均降低0.23%,变幅在-18.98%~26.76%之间;漫湾、大朝山电站同时运行期间,澜沧江径流年内分配均匀度年均升高3.90%,输沙年内分配均匀度年均降低0.42%;大朝山水电站建设后,澜沧江径流年内分配均匀度升高而输沙年内分配变化不明显,说明大朝山水电建设后河流水沙关系发生了变化,但变化较小。该成果不仅能为相关研究提供方法借鉴,也为水电开发对澜沧江水沙年内分配影响程度的科学评估提供了新的依据。     

基尼系数在地震预报中的应用

将数理经济学中基尼系数的概念引入到地震学中，研究地震活动在空间的集中程度。通过对1970－1979年中国大陆地区6．5级以上地震震例研究，总结出了初步的判断异常的方法和指标，并就1988－1990，1994－1996年全国发生的6级以上地震的地点进行了展望性检验，对应率在64％－76％之间。该方法对地震地点的中期预报有一定的意义。     

A statistical analysis of exploration geochemical data for uranium

This paper describes a statistical analysis of reconnaissance exploration geochemical data for uranium. Three sets of data were analyzed, as they related to: (a) Charlotte-Winston-Salem and (b) Charlotte two-degree NTMS quadrangles of the south-eastern U.S.A. The coefficient of variation for uranium in each of the three sets of data was less than unity and hence no transformation of the original variable was needed. These data were subjected to correlogram analysis. A first-order Markovian model of the type: Y₀ exp (-a |p|) was fit by the least-squares method to serial correlation coefficients of these data using the method proposed by Deming (1948). The model was tested by computing the variance-volume relationship for assumed individual blocks of unit length. The noise in the input (record) was eliminated by the application of an optimum bilateral exponential smoothing technique developed by Agterberg. A comparison of spectral density estimates obtained by a maximum entropy method employing Yule-Walker equations and the Burg algorithm was also made. The prediction error coefficients needed to determine the order of the autoregressive process and hence the spectral densities were determined in both cases for the three sets of data.On leave from National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad-7, India.     

黄河上游某电站上新统石膏夹层对坝基岩体稳定性影响评价

拟建的黄河上游某水电站在勘查过程中发现在河床以下存在一层厚约2m的石膏层。石膏岩遇水易溶解,工程地质性质较差,力学强度较低,是水电建设中的不良岩体。本文对石膏岩的物理力学性质和化学成分做了仔细分析,分析了石膏溶蚀后对坝基稳定性的影响,找出防止石膏溶蚀的判断标准,最后得出防治措施。     

碎石类土极限承载力标准值表的研究

以可靠度理论为基础的极限状态设计法是当今世界工程设计领域的发展趋势,地基基础要应用可靠度理论进行设计是一大难点,而地基极限承栽力标准值的确定是最重要的方面。利用原制订基本承载力时的荷载试验资料,再补充收集了一部分新资料,重新提出极限承载力,找出极限承栽力与基本承载力的关系值K(安全系数),将K值乘以基本承载力表,并以公式计算值及林业部标准进行比较。综合得出极限承载力范围值表,在此基础上进行概率分析,得出极限承载力标准值。通过直接或间接的方法求得极限承载力标准值变异系数。     

Time-clustering behavior of spreading-center seismicity between 15 and 35°N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: observations from hydroacoustic monitoring

An earthquake catalog derived from the detection of seismically-generated T-waves is used to study the time-clustering behavior of moderate-size (?3.0 M) earthquakes between 15 and 35°N along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). Within this region, the distribution of inter-event times is consistent with a non-periodic, non-random, clustered process. The highest degrees of clustering are associated temporally with large mainshock-aftershock sequences; however, some swarm-like activity also is evident. Temporal fluctuations characterized by a power spectral density P(f) that decays as 1/f^α are present within the time sequence, with α ranging from 0.12 to 0.55 for different regions of the spreading axis. This behavior is negligible at time scales less than ∼5×10³ s, and earthquake occurrence becomes less clustered (smaller α) as increasing size thresholds are applied to the catalog. A power-law size-frequency scaling for Mid-Atlantic Ridge earthquakes also can be demonstrated using the distribution of acoustic magnitudes, or source levels. Although fractal seismic behavior has been linked to the structure of the underlying fault population in other environments, power-law fault size distributions have not been observed widely in the mid-ocean ridge setting.     

Analysis of the Statistical Behaviour of Daily Maximum and Monthly Rainfall Data at New Delhi During Monsoon Period

1．IRt回*CtZOllIndian Summer Monsoon Varlablllty Is a muchdscussed and researched field,yet thereIs a considerable scope IOr further work and It Is understanding．The south—west monsoonwhich contributes more than 75%of the annual ra!nfa!lin a major port!on of Ind!a,Is thespring of!he nallonaleconomy．The ralnmH has Qo sustain山e Increasing needs ofagrlculturelrrlgatlon,the Increasing population and the rapid Industrlallsatlon．It Is lowever noted thatthe monsoon rainfall over differe…     

以反射系数为特征量的瞬变电磁电性界面的成像

目的：为提高瞬变电磁探测精度，提出用反射系数作为特征量来对地下电性分界面成像，给出了方法的数学模型和实现步骤，并给出从实测数据中提取反射系数，对电性界面实现成像的思路，资料和方法：由野外实测资料出发，在频率域内用数字滤波技术计算波阻抗，再通过域的变换在时间域内建立含有反射系数的方程组。结果：最终后通过线性规划法求出反射系数，并以此值为参数来绘制成像断面。结论：数值模拟结果和实例的应用结果表明方法正确、有效。方法本身提高了瞬变电磁对电性层的分辨能力。     

黄河流域城市群产业高质量发展时空格局演变研究

以黄河流域城市群为研究空间单元,通过文献梳理识别流域产业高质量发展内涵,构建产业高质量发展评价指标体系,分析黄河流域城市群产业高质量发展的时空过程。研究结果显示：自2000年以来,黄河流域城市群产业高质量发展水平整体呈上升状态,并且由初始相对均衡转为东中西阶梯状递减的流域分异特征。产业各维度发展指数呈现不同的空间特征。产业活力、创新效率方面,上、中、下游分异明显;各城市群面临不同的产业结构性问题;上中游城市群产业空间联系不足,与中下游城市群差距在扩大;各城市群产业发展带来的生态环境压力趋于加重,黄河流域中游城市群成为环境污染的高值区。     

298.15K下LiCl-Li2B4O7-H2O体系热力学性质的等压研究

用等压法研究了LiCl-Li2 B4O7-H2 O体系离子强度范围为 0 1 5 3 0～ 3 0 75 8mol kg-1不同质量摩尔浓度分数的等压平衡浓度 ,水活度 ;计算了LiCl和Li2 B4O7,混合盐溶液的饱和蒸汽压 ,渗透系数等热力学性质。以总硼浓度 0 0 8mol·kg-1为界 ,把所有混合盐的实验数据分为高浓度和低浓度两部分 ,按照不同的物种生成转化反应 ,考虑溶液中H3 BO3 和硼氧配阴离子B(OH) 4 -,B3 O3 (OH) 4 -和B4O5(OH) 4 2 -的存在形式。由实验数据用最小二乘法和迭代法求取了LiB(OH) 4 离子对的缔合平衡常数Km1,B3 O3 ,(OH) 4 离子的生成转化反应的化学计量平衡常数Km2 ,以及Pitzer模型的离子相互作用参数。用该模型计算的渗透系数值与实验结果取得合理的一致。对完善含锂、硼盐湖卤水体系的热力学模型和盐湖资源的综合开发具有重要意义