山西流体观测井水位与气压相关性分析

分析了山西省流体观测井水位动态特征,利用高阶差分、回归分析方法计算了2008年山西省各观测井水位与气压相关系数,得到了气压系数的背景值,进而对气压干扰因素进行定量化的排除,并对各井的气压系数进行对比分析。结果表明,不同的观测井孔水位受气压影响程度不同,对于某一个观测井孔而言,气压系数及相关系数的变化是有一定规律的。     

基于分形的中国地均农畜产品虚拟水规模分布的时空演变研究

虚拟水是当今水科学的研究热点,被认为是解决粮食与水资源安全的重要策略。在测算中国各地区农畜产品虚拟水总量的基础上,计算出1996~2006年中国农畜产品虚拟水与耕地资源的基尼系数,表明二者地区差异不大且在逐年减小。运用位序-规模法则,探讨差异背后的分形特征。研究表明:中国地均农畜产品虚拟水体系不具有首位分布的特征;双对数回归方程拟合度较高,符合位序-规模分布;分维值D大于1,且逐年升高,地均农畜产品虚拟水规模分布整体差距在缩小,均衡程度在增强;规模分布呈双分形结构,体现出地均农畜产品虚拟水大规模省市发展较慢且辐射带动作用较弱,中小规模的省市比较发育且发展较快。本文旨在揭示地均农畜产品虚拟水的空间分异特征规律,为制定不同区域类型的农业发展决策提供相应的理论参考。     

库兹涅茨比率的分解及其在我国地区差异分析中的应用

区域差异及其变化是区域经济学和地理学重要的研究课题之一,通过探讨区域差异研究中不同模型之间的关系,结合中国的具体情况指出了基尼系数等指标在描述区域差异方面的局限性。考察了库兹涅茨比率的独特作用,通过对库兹涅茨比率的分解和计算,发现了导致中国区域差异变化的直接原因。改革开放20多年来我国区域差异的变化可以分为四个阶段,不同阶段差异的表现和内在原因不同,取决于低收入地区人口比例和高收入地区经济总量所占比例这两个因素的对比。西部大开发战略已经显现出一定的效果,未来国内区域差异有可能得到一定程度上的缓解。     

中国人类福祉地区差距演变及其影响因素——基于人类发展指数(HDI)的分析

应用空间基尼系数、泰尔系数分解及面板模型等方法,对1995-2013年中国人类福祉地区差距及其影响因素进行分析,结果显示：①1995-2013年中国人类福祉省际差距整体趋于缩小。其中,“九五”时期不断缩小,“十五”时期波动变化,“十一五”时期快速缩小,“十二五”时期趋同发展;②四大区域之间的人类福祉差距是最主要的差距,但其贡献率总体呈递减趋势,而区域内人类福祉省际差距的贡献率呈递增趋势。西部地区人类福祉的省际差距最大但降幅明显,东部地区人类福祉的省际差距先扩大后降低,中部、东北地区人类福祉省际差距相对较小且不断缩小;③中国人类福祉地区差距和城乡收入差距同向扩大。加快经济发展、增加教育经费投入均可提高中国各省的人类福祉水平,但也可能扩大地区差距。提高卫生经费占比的增长率可降低中国人类福祉水平,但却能有效缩小中国地区之间的福祉差距。提高人均社会保障支出和人均转移支付,既能提高中国各省区的人类福祉水平,又可起到促进地区之间福祉均衡作用。     

Application of the Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) for determination of the engineering parameters of sandy soils

Determination of the in situ engineering properties of foundation materials has always been a challenge for geotechnical engineers and, thus, several methods have been developed so far. Dynamic Cone Penetration (DCP) test is one of the most versatile amongst them. In the present research, a light weight simple DCP device was developed and used for evaluation of the engineering properties of sandy soils in laboratory conditions. The device consisted of an 8-kg hammer that drops over a height of 575 mm, and drives a 60° cone tip with 20 mm base diameter into the ground. To control the validation of the results, laboratory direct shear and plate load tests were used as reference tests. The soil sample was a poorly graded sandy soil (SP) taken from alluvial deposits of the Tehran plain. All DCP tests and PLTs were undertaken on compacted soil in a mould with 700 mm diameter and 700 mm height. Based on the results of the experiments, the relationships between Dynamic Penetration Index (DPI), relative density (D_r), modulus of elasticity (E), shear modulus (G), modulus of subgrade reaction (K_S), and the friction angle of the soil were obtained with a high coefficient of determination (> 90%). The repeatability of the test results was also evaluated by calculating the coefficient of variations (C_v), which was less than 30% for all tests.     

基于基尼系数空间分解的江苏省经济发展差异分析

不平等性是区域研究的重点,空间集中作为衡量不平等性的重要手段,是非空间与空间属性的二维统一体。传统的研究仅仅关注了全局非空间上的不均衡性,而忽略了地理空间上的集聚特点,往往不利于识别地理属性的集中特点。引进基尼系数的空间分解这一概念,通过对其空间随机分布性的零假设采用蒙特卡罗方法进行检验,从而判定其分解形式是否内生衡量区域不平等与空间自相关的特性。以1978—2015年江苏省区域经济发展差异的演变进行案例分析,通过蒙特卡罗99次随机模拟检验后,将分解的非邻居项与Moran’s I值进行显著性检验,结果进一步证实了这一分解的有效性与简洁性,表明空间基尼系数可内生测度空间的集聚性与非空间的差异性。     

基于产业结构视角的云南省县域经济差异研究

基于云南省1992~2012年统计年鉴数据,采用偏离份额分析、基尼系数产业分解方法,分析产业结构演变对云南省县域经济差异的影响。结果表明：云南省县域经济差异受到产业结构偏离和竞争偏离影响较大,滇中县域在产业结构上优势显著,但相对竞争力较弱。滇西和滇南县域竞争优势明显,但不具结构优势;最近10 a来,滇东县域在产业结构、竞争力方面占优,与滇西和滇南县域的差异拉大;从基尼系数产业分解结果看,第二产业是导致云南省县域经济差异扩大的首要因素。此外,第三产业对县域经济差异贡献不断加大,对县域发展不平衡影响日益凸显;产业基尼系数变化分解结果揭示,产业集中效应扩大了县域经济差异,而结构效应则可以缩小县域经济差距,据此提出以产业结构调整来协调县域经济发展的政策建议。     

Buckling of circular, annular plates of continuously variable thickness used as internal bulkheads in submersibles

This paper deals with the determination of the critical load in the buckling of isotropic, circular annular thin plates whose thickness varies slightly according to an exponential law.The outer edge of the plate is elastically restrained against rotation while the inner boundary is free. Classical small-deflection theory is used. An hidrostatic pressure acting in the middle plane is considered.The eigenvalues of the problem are obtained by means of an analytical approach based on the optimized Rayleigh-Ritz method. It is shοwnι that the results are in good agreement from an engineering viewpoint, with those available in the literature.     

Effects of periodic saturation on K0 for a sandstone-mudstone particle mixture

Abstract

Sandstone-mudstone particle mixture (SMPM) is one of the main materials, which has been widely used for filling in and around reservoirs for water conservation projects. During the periodic rising and falling of the water level, the fill material for the embankments, dam, and other waterfront features will also undergo drainage-saturation cycles. The deformation and coefficient of lateral pressure at rest K₀ may be affected by periodic saturation. In this study, a device is modified for testing the K₀ for gravel-soil under periodic saturation. In order to investigate the effects of periodic saturation on K₀, a series of experiments were performed for SMPM under different vertical stress and saturation cycling. K₀^N values of SMPM containing 20% mudstone particles under periodic saturation were obtained. The results shows that the K₀^N initially increased, but eventually reached a stable value with the increasing number of periodic saturation cycles. The magnitude of the coefficient increment was also found to be related to the stress condition. K₀^N is a logarithmic function of the saturation cycling time. By calculating K₀^N with the proposed empirical formula, the deformation and stress distribution of the SMPM filler in waterfront engineering works can be calculated with greater precision.     

关于洛伦茨曲线与吉尼系数的探讨

作者运用数理统计的手段 ,分析了在经济学中广为应用的描述性曲线 -洛伦茨曲线y =L ( t)的数理实质 ,给出其积分表达式 ,L ( t) =( 1/ Eξ) ∫t0 F-1( u) du,并在此基础上讨论某些分布的吉尼系数与标准差系数的关系 ,同时给出一个讨论一般分布函数的吉尼系数的途径 :将分布函数展成泰勒级数