安徽省祁门县石荣沟泥石流发育特征及发展趋势分析

石荣沟区降雨量丰富，多暴雨。支沟纵坡陡，沟谷内分布的变质砂岩、泥页岩，由于受多组构造裂隙的共同作用，滑坡、崩塌发育，这为泥石流的形成提供了物质条件。文章在野外调查的基础上，从地质、地貌、水文地质、气候和人为活动等条件入手，对石荣沟泥石流的发育条件、灾害特征和发展趋势进行了分析，并初步预测其未来变化趋势，为流域的综合治理提供了科学依据。     

Assessment of sidewall erosion in large gullies using multi-temporal DEMs and logistic regression analysis

Although in the last decades gully erosion has been a thriving research field, few studies have specifically addressed the contribution and location of sidewall erosion processes in gullies. In this paper, sidewall erosion in some large gullies in a Mediterranean area (Anoia-Penedès, NE Spain) is mapped and assessed for two time intervals (1975–1995 and 1995–2002), using detailed digital elevation models derived from aerial photographs at a scale of 1:5000 to 1:7000. Logistic regression analysis is applied to compute the probability of occurrence of gully sidewall erosion from terrain variables. The results confirm the complex nature of sidewall processes, whose intensity is most probably related to rainfall characteristics. Prolonged wet soil conditions in the period 1995–2002, together with the large and high-intensity rainfall of an extreme event occurred on 10th June 2000, help to explain the different sediment production rates: 16±0.4 Mg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ in 1975–1995 and 83±6.3 Mg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ in 1995–2002. The logistic regression analysis revealed that gully-wall slope angle was the main factor controlling gully sidewall failure. In gully walls with high slope angles, tension crack development is the main process promoting wall collapse. The application of the logistic regression model showed a high overall accuracy (87%) but over 50% of commission and omission errors for the class of interest (sidewall erosion), in agreement with the variance explained by the model.     

Debris flow initiation and sediment recharge in gullies

Landslides that enter gullied low-order drainages can either initiate debris flow or stop, depositing sediment in the channel. This process is one of the most common ways that debris flows initiate, but little attention to date has been paid to evaluating the factors that affect whether or not the initial landslide will become a debris flow or deposit sediment in the channel. Statistically significant parameters that determine whether slope failures become debris flows or act to recharge in-channel sediment are channel gradient, angle of entry of failure into the channel, initial failure volume, and the amount of in-channel stored sediment. Steeper channels, low angles of entry, lower volumes of in-channel sediment, and larger initial failures were more likely to result in debris flows. This study found that as the volume of in-channel stored sediment increased, the volume of initial failure required to initiate a debris flow also increased. This result calls into question the simple supply-limited model of cyclical debris recharge and debris flow in low-order gullied drainages and suggests a negative feedback mechanism between debris accumulation and debris flow susceptibility.     

南伊沟水体水化学及氢氧同位素特征分析

南伊沟是林芝地区重要水源涵养区,研究南伊沟水体水化学和氢氧同位素特征,揭示“三水转化”规律,对提高林芝地区水体水文地球化学研究程度,支撑当地林水关系研究,服务高原地区水生态保护具有重要意义。运用水化学和氢氧同位素分析方法,分析了地区水化学特征、水岩作用情况和水循环特征。结果表明：南伊沟水体为极低矿化度淡水,地表水水化学类型为HCO₃-Ca·Mg型和SO₄·HCO₃-Ca·Mg型,地下水水化学类型为HCO₃-Ca·Na型;地表水和地下水的水化学离子成分主要受岩石风化控制,离子来源主要受碳酸盐岩溶解和硅酸盐岩风化影响,地表水中Na⁺、K⁺、Cl^-主要来源于盐岩溶解,同时还受降雨影响,地表水和地下水中Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺主要来源于碳酸盐岩矿物溶解;地下水和地表水水岩作用较弱,对比上游雅鲁藏布江和拉萨河地表水,大部分δ¹⁸O、δD值具有明显的高度效应和大陆效应;南伊沟枯水年内强烈...     

FORMATION AND EROSION PROCESSES OF THE LOESS PLATEAU

IPROCESSANDZONINGOFLOESSACCUMULATIONLoessisatypicalkindofaeoliansediment,theprocessesofitsgeomorphicformationcanbesummarizedasfollows.l.lWell-distributedDustFalloutfromHighAltitudeThedustisdefinedasthefineparticles(<0.1mm)whichcanbeliftedandcarriedupasdustcloudsintheaiLIftheoriginallandsurfaceofaregionisanevenhighlandsurroundedbyriversandgullies,thefallingdustremainedonthesurfaceofthisevenhighland,butthedustfallingonslopesoftheriverandgullieswastransportedoutoftheregion.Onthet…     

Research on the gully forming in the gully region of Yanhe River Basin and process of geological disasters

In recent years, the frequency of geological disasters gradually increases in the gully region of the Loess Plateaus centred with Yanhe River Basin. The research on the forming of the geological disasters in gully region and the disaster process will help us further understand the development of geological disasters and the disaster process. According to the detailed survey of geological disasters in Yan’an City, the river and gully erosion is the main natural predisposing factor that caused the geological disasters in the river gully region. In the forming of ditches and gullies, the surface water system changes the stress form of the original slope and reduces the strength combination of the slope in ways of water erosion and gravity erosion. Gully’s forming stage and stratigraphic contact form have some influence on the geological disasters and disaster process.     

新疆托克逊新干沟奥陶纪蛇绿岩

2003-2004年在新疆托克逊干沟地区1：5万区调中，查明博罗科努带北侧新干沟一带为奥陶纪蛇绿岩建造．建造组成成分有：由纯橄岩、斜方辉橄岩等组成的变质橄榄岩；含长橄榄岩、斜方辉石岩、堆晶辉长岩以及上部辉长岩组成的堆积岩；辉绿岩；由玄武岩及其凝灰岩、凝灰质碎屑岩、少量碳酸盐岩、硅质岩等组成的沉积层．建造总厚1627．5～2564．5m，其中镁铁-超镁铁岩体共26个，岩体最大宽度1000m，总面积5．2km^2．橄榄岩类M／F10．16～11.85，辉石岩、堆晶辉长岩M／F 6．64、7．44，与新疆准噶尔地区古生代蛇绿岩中的变质橄榄岩一致．新疆黄山类型含铜镍超镁铁岩不同微量元素及稀土元素特征表明：它们与典型大洋中脊蛇绿岩不同，与新疆多数蛇绿岩相似．应为小洋盆扩张产物．     

兴海县多宗隆哇泥石流形成条件及防治

兴海县多宗隆哇泥石流为典型的沟谷型泥石流,曾造成严重的财产损失。通过对泥石流特征、易发性、运动及力学特征研究分析,得出多宗隆哇为轻度易发泥石流,流速为3．87m／s,流量为292．53m3／s,有巨大的冲击力。根据该流域泥石流的特征和危害,提出了防治措施建议。     

地震后泥石流临界雨量变化特征——以汶川地震区小岗剑沟为例

在地震的影响下,泥石流暴发所需的临界降雨条件降低.通过现场调查分析,首先得出小岗剑沟泥石流沟床起动的形成机理及其“地震-滑坡-碎屑堆积-降雨-泥石流”的形成特征,然后在建立了泥石流发生的临界雨量模式基础上,以小岗剑沟泥石流临界雨量为研究对象,采用将其地震前后临界雨量相比较的方法,得到了临界雨量的变化特征,并探索变化的原因.小岗剑沟2010年暴发泥石流的临界雨量约为地震前的21％,2011年暴发泥石流的临界雨量约为地震前的23％,地震后临界雨量大幅度下降.但随着泥石流活动的不断发生,临界雨量有逐渐恢复的趋势.