地形对超强台风罗莎降水影响的初步分析

为了进一步加深地形对台风降水影响的细节了解,用变分法合成的高分辨率降水资料和地形资料,结合日本再分析资料,对0716号台风罗莎登陆期间地形对降水的影响作了初步分析.过程降水量与地形相关分析表明,沿海地形对降水的影响较大.强降水区主要分布在沿海山体的迎风坡上.分析1小时降水量在不同强度区间的频次分布,发现在山体地形的影响下,山脉区域降水加强.浙江东南沿岸的山体引起的降水增益相对东北沿岸区域的山体偏大.利用日本再分析资料和地形资料计算了气流过沿海山体时的无量纲数Fr值.由于气流Fr较小,气流过浙江沿海地形时更容易翻越山体.抬升位置发生在迎风坡上,因而强降水区也落在迎风坡上.东南沿岸区域的地形对迎风气流的强迫垂直运动在垂直方向上的渗透比东北沿岸区域更深厚,这是导致东南沿岸区域地形对降水增益比东北沿岸区域偏大的原因.     

关于处处没有导数的连续函数求分数阶导数的例子

范德瓦尔登给出了一个著名的处处没有导数的连续函数的例子,本文求出了这个函数的分数阶导数。     

Recognition of the hydrogeological potential using electrical sounding in the Khemisset-Tiflet region,Morocco

The low recharge of reservoirs and the increasing demand for water limit the potential of mobilized resources, especially in arid to semi-arid areas like Morocco. Integrated management is essential to safeguard this resource. In respect with this perspective, this work provides the analysis of hydrogeological potential of Khemisset-Tiflet region, which falls within the action area of the Sebou Hydraulic Basin Agency. The basis of our studies was as follows:(1) The interpretation of the existing geoelectric data;(2) application of geophysical methods for non-destructive reconnaissance and their integration into a Geographic Information System(GIS). The analysis demonstrates that: The map of the isohypses and the geoelectric cross-section of the substratum of the superficial roof aquifer show clearly a plunge associated with development of the Paleozoic roof in the South and the direction of flow of the surface water is from south to north, from the upper zone to the north of the El Kansera dam. These conclusions constitute very useful contribution for any resource management projects in this area.     

Analytical partial derivatives of the phase- and group velocities for Rayleigh waves propagating in a layer on a half-space

The dispersion relation for Rayleigh waves in a layer on a half-space is modified by introducing the quadratic wave number instead of the phase velocity. The implicit function theorem is then used to derive analytical formulae for the group velocity and for the phase- and group velocity partial derivatives with respect to the parameters of the medium. As two examples, the method is applied to the interpretation of dispersion curves for short-period Rayleigh waves observed in a sedimentary basin of the West Carpathians, and in the Moravo-Silesian region, Czech Republic.     

Surface-wave group-delay and attenuation kernels

We derive both 3-D and 2-D Fréchet sensitivity kernels for surface-wave group-delay and anelastic attenuation measurements. A finite-frequency group-delay exhibits 2-D off-ray sensitivity either to the local phase-velocity perturbation  δ c / c   or to its dispersion  ω(∂/∂ω)(δ c / c )  as well as to the local group-velocity perturbation  δ C / C   . This dual dependence makes the ray-theoretical inversion of measured group delays for 2-D maps of  δ C / C   a dubious procedure, unless the lateral variations in group velocity are extremely smooth.