Formation,mechanism and significance of alluvial-dammed lakes in Golmud River catchment,north-eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

This study investigated a series of dammed lakes and downstream-adjacent alluvial fans in the upstream to middle reaches of the Golmud River in the eastern Kunlun Mountain, on the north-eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). An optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) chronology shows the sediments of five dammed lakes developed from c. 45–40, 30–25, 18–14, and 12–8 ka, corresponding to MIS 3b, late MIS 3a, Last Deglaciation, and early Holocene, respectively. The remote sensing data show these dammed lakes have a total area of 109.4 km², with the lake volume of more than 4.0 km³. Symmetric alluvial fans from north–south tributary valleys produced OSL ages of c. 61–52, 42–31, 26–20, and 16–10 ka, corresponding to glaciation periods: the MIS 3c and MIS 3a, MIS 2, and the Last Deglaciation. This suggests that glacial activity is responsible for the alluvial fan development, where dammed rivers occurred first, but lake formation did not take place synchronously until later periods of strong hydrologic activity, resulting from northward intrusions of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) or glacier melt. Thus, the blocking pattern is that river valleys were dammed during periods of glacial activity and lakes formed during wet periods. The lake formation and subsequent drainage may have resulted in: (i) impeded headwater incision and strengthening of downstream dissection; (ii) enriched the halite and potash in the distal Qarhan Salt Lake through hydrologic and hydrochemical processes of abundant water input, the salt lake expansion, salt redissolution from playa and final resedimentation during later dry periods. The alluvial-dammed lake pattern in the mountain-basin systems of eastern Kunlun Mountain offers a model for assessing the linkages between monsoon dynamics, geomorphic processes and distal salt lake evolutions in other arid regions.     

古地图与现代空间数据的河道变迁研究——以清代潇河为例

潇河是汾河的第二大支流,清代河道变迁频繁.本文利用清代山西地方志中的舆地图和现代空间数据,结合历史文献记载与实地考察,研究了潇河河道变迁最为剧烈的时期--清代近300年间的变迁过程,复原了不同时段的面貌,并对变迁原因进行了分析.认为在气候变干的大背景下,河道变迁的原因主要有两个:一是潇河及其支流泥沙含量大,造成旧河道的...     

数字伸缩仪三分量空间合成分析及映震研究

利用“十五”改造后的抚顺地震台数字伸缩仪三方向的数据作为研究对象,经过大量的数学计算和MATLAB设计程序绘制图形,通过坐标和数据变换将过去基线上的研究,转换成空间和面上的研究.从中捕捉地震前兆异常.     

区域近震直达纵波走时变化和小震活动规律

以震报震是我们测震学预报地震方法中的一种。各个区域每年发生的小地震事件较多,了解区域小震与小震之间的联系规律,对于今后发生的地震,我们可以通过近期发生的地震,找出未来应力变化的区域,对潜在震源区提前做出预判,也为今后大震发生找出点研究线索。本文通过对区域直达纵波走时的变化来研究地下应力的变化,从而了解区域地震与地震之间的活动规律。     

基于标靶配准的廊道点云数据

三维激光扫描仪在不同测站获取的点云都是在各自的仪器内部坐标系中,为了获得扫描对象的完整的点云,需将各测站扫描的点云要转换到一个统一坐标系中。本文依托大学生创新训练计划项目地面三维激光扫描数据建模方法研究,对学校廊道点云数据进行三维建模,将各测站扫描的标靶进行中心提取,并对多测站点云数据进了行基于标靶的配准。     

Late Quaternary lake-level changes of Lake El'gygytgyn, NE Siberia

Lake El'gygytgyn is situated in a 3.6 Ma old impact crater in northeastern Siberia. Presented here is a reconstruction of the Quaternary lake-level history as derived from sediment cores from the southern lake shelf. There, a cliff-like bench 10 m below the modern water level has been investigated. Deep-water sediments on the shelf indicate high lake levels during a warm Mid-Pleistocene period. One period with low lake level prior to Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 has been identified, followed by a period of high lake level (10 m above present). In the course of MIS 2 the lake level dropped to − 10 m. At the end of MIS 2 the bench was formed and coarse beach sedimentation occurred. Subsequently, the lake level rose rapidly to the Holocene level. Changes in water level are likely linked to climate variability. During relatively temperate periods the lake becomes free of ice in summer. Strong wave actions transport sediment parallel to the coast and towards the outlet, where the material tends to accumulate, resulting in lake level rise. During cold periods the perennial lake ice cover hampers any wave activity and pebble-transport, keeping the outlet open and causing the lake level to drop.     

黑龙江三道湾子碲金矿床黄铁矿标型特征及矿床变化保存过程分析

三道湾子金矿床是近年来在中国北方地区新发现的典型碲金矿床,矿石矿物由大量碲化物及自然金和少量硫化物组成。本文主要研究产于矿床中黄铁矿的标型特征及其地质意义,重点探讨了该矿床形成后的变化与保存过程。通过研究表明矿床产出的黄铁矿主要有两期:第一期黄铁矿(Py1)呈粗粒立方体自形晶产出,为碲金成矿前黄铁矿化蚀变阶段的产物;第二期黄铁矿(Py2)主要呈细粒产出,与碲金矿化关系较为密切。黄铁矿的微量元素特征显示第二期的黄铁矿中存在微细粒的碲银矿;稀土元素研究表明黄铁矿及金矿化的形成与安山质岩浆活动关系较为紧密,而与该区花岗质岩浆活动关系不大。对三道湾子碲金矿床产出的黄铁矿进行热电分析表明,黄铁矿热电系数主要变化于-180～-90μV/℃之间,以N型导电型为主;且由矿体顶部至底部,N型导电型出现的频率逐渐增大(57.5%→84.2%→92%→97.4%);与蚀变安山岩中黄铁矿的热电系数比较,产于脉状石英中的黄铁矿具有更低的热电系数值。通过黄铁矿热电系数分析以及流体包裹体的研究可以计算出该矿床的平均剥蚀速率为53.6m/Ma。最后对该矿床形成后的变化与保存过程进行了分析,提出对于该区内寻找中生代之前形成的矿床应注意砂矿的重要指示意义。     

Relative sea level fluctuations in aegean coastal areas from middle to late holocene

The current study presents and combines data concerning relative sea level fluctuations from six coastal areas in the Aegean Sea, from Thrace to North-Eastern Crete. These data have been derived from analyses and geo-chronologies on coastal sediments obtained from boreholes in coastal lagoons and from beachrock bends. Trends of relative sea level change at the study areas are presented for the last 6000 years and are compared with K. Lambeck's and A. Purcell [1] estimations for the same areas. It is concluded that sea level is rising faster in Skyros and Mykonos-Delos insular complex of Cyclades islands, mainly due to tectonic movements or lithosphere elastic deformations.     

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Relationship between physical and chemical soil attributes and plant species diversity in tropical mountain ecosystems from Brazil

Although the high diversity of plant species in the rupestrian fields has been primarily attributed to the existence of a set of distinct habitats, few studies support this assertion. The present study aimed to further investigate the relationship between physical and chemical attributes of soils with the diversity of plant species in this unique ecosystem. The rupestrian field is a unique vegetation formation that covers some of the southeastern Brazilian mountains in the transition of the Atlantic rain forest and the Cerrado （savanna）. Different habitats occur according to soil characteristics （e.g., presence of rocks, sand, fertility, hydrology, etc.）. These attributes ultimately influence the vegetation that is highly adapted to the harsh edaphic and climatic mountain conditions. Five distinct habitats were studied by us： rocky outcrops, peat bogs, sandy bogs, quartz gravelfields, and ＂cerrado＂ （savanna）. A floristic survey indicated that four families are found at greater frequency： Poaceae, Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, and Leguminosae. The greatest diversity of plant species was found in the rocky outcrops habitat, followed by cerrado, peat bog, quartz gravel grassland, and sandy bogs, respectively. The main difference in the floristic composition among these habitats was related to the dominant species. Trachypogon spicatus （Poaceae） was the most dominant species in the rocky outcrops, Axonopus siccus （Poaceae） in the peat bogs, Lagenocarpus rigidus （Cyperaceae） in the sandy bogs, Schizachyrium tenerum （Poaceae） in the cerrado, while Vellozia sp. 8 （Velloziaceae） dominated the vegetation in the quartz gravel grassland. This study demonstrated that physical and chemical soil properties strongly related the diversity of plant species occurring in the different habitats of rupestrian fields.