Response of Northern Hemispheric Air Temperature to Arctic Sea Ice Decline

Two numerical experiments were performed by using the Community Atmosphere Model version 3 (CAM3) with different sea ice datasets to assess the contribution of the decline of Arctic sea ice to warming in the Northern Hemisphere. One experiment was driven by observed sea ice cover data; for the other one, the authors used the sea ice data of the 4×CO2 scenario simulated by the fourth-generation European Centre Hamburg atmospheric general circulation Model of Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Italy (INGV_ECHAM4). The comparison of the two experiments indicates that the decline of the Arctic sea ice leads to a dramatic warming over the high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, characterized by a maximum warming of more than 26℃ over the Arctic region. The significant warming is closely related to the enhanced atmospheric heat source. A 40-60 Wm-2 increase in the apparent heat source was simulated in winter due to the decline of Arctic sea ice. In contrast, no significant change was found in the atmospheric apparent heat source in summer. As a result, the summer temperature change induced by the decline of Arctic sea ice appears to be weak. This study suggests that accurate sea ice cover data is crucial for future climate projection of air temperature in high latitudes.     

Changes in Dogger Bank macrofauna communities in the 20th century caused by fishing and climate

The macrofauna communities on the Dogger Bank (North Sea) from the 1920s, the 1950s and the 1980s to the 2000s were compared and identified five communities with similar spatial distribution throughout the 20th century. The abundance of dominant species in the five communities varied with time. Most obvious in the 1950s was the loss of the extensive Spisula and Mactra patches, which covered most of the shallow parts of the Bank in the 1920s. Since the 1980s, they have been found only as juveniles. The biological regime shift in the late 1980s caused an increase in macrofauna abundance, species numbers, diversity and southern species in most of the communities. The climate regime shift in 2001 had opposite effects in which the abundance, species numbers, diversity and southern species decreased in most of the communities. The increase in interface-feeding species and the decrease in sand-licking amphipods in the 2000s especially in the shallow Bank Community give evidence for climate driven changes in water masses, currents, storms, turbidity and food availability via planktonic or benthic primary production. Both fishing impact and climate change are hypothesised as explaining the changes in the Dogger Bank macrofauna communities.     

胶州湾叶绿素a及初级生产力的长期变化

采用野外观测与历史数据相结合的方法,系统分析了1984—2008年胶州湾叶绿素a及初级生产力分布格局、季节特征的变化以及长期变化规律。结果表明,近20年来胶州湾叶绿素a的空间分布格局没有发生大的变化,但季节规律发生了很大变化。冬季和夏季叶绿素a浓度升高,春季和秋季叶绿素a浓度下降,使得其双周期型的季节变化特点更为显著。...     

近50a来天山博格达峰地区四工河4号冰川表面高程变化特征

基于GIS技术,利用GPS测量数据和1962年地形图分别建立两期DEM,通过对比重点研究了四工河4号冰川1962-2009年冰舌区的表面高程变化特征。结果表明:1962-2009年间,冰舌区平均减薄15±10 m,年均减薄约0.32±0.2 m,冰储量亏损达(14.3±9.5)×10-3km3,折合水当量(12.9±8.6)×10-3km3。不同海拔、坡度区间冰面高程变化差异显著,海拔较低、坡度较缓区域的变化最为强烈。在气候变暖的趋势下,四工河4号冰川发生强烈消融,标志着博格达峰地区的冰川正处于物质严重亏损的状态,直接影响到流域水资源状况。     

Period Changes of Close Binary Systems

A brief review of the physical mechanisms that could produce the observed orbital period changes in close binaries, the methods used to study them, and a general discussion is given.     

长江三峡库首区近期重力场动态变化

利用向上解析延拓方法分析了1988～2003年底(首次蓄水后)长江三峡库首区重力场的动态变化，并分析了首次蓄水过程中重力变化的基本特征。主要结论有：库区存在一定的重力变化背景和地壳密度变异条件；向上解析延拓方法能较好地分离不同波数域重力变化特征，其中长波数信息反映较深处或较大尺度异常密度体效应；首次蓄水过程中的重力变化显示强烈的库水荷载效应和明显滞后的库水渗透效应，其中江北地区水的渗透明显强于江南地区。     

地震应变变化的理论量级与最大传递距离关系

为了与实际观测资料对比 ,用线弹性理论位错公式算出了各种断层的地震应变变化并进行了全面、系统的分析 ,归纳了一些特点 ,阐明了理论应变变化量级与其最大传递距离的关系。分析表明 :对于一定震级的地震 ,当断层出露地面、倾角为 4 5°、并且为倾滑运动时 ,一定量级的应变变化传递的距离最长 ;其中一个主应变传递得最远 ,其次为体应变 ,再其次为最大剪应变 ,另一个主应变的最大传递距离最短 ;泊松比和断层的长宽比的变化对应变传递距离的影响极小 ,可以忽略     

Benefits to Studies of Global Sea Level Changes from Future Space Gravity Missions

Global sea level rise will present a major scientific, environmental and socio-economic challenge during the 21st century. This paper reviews the main oceanographic and geophysical processes which contribute to sea level change, with particular emphasis on the ability of space gravity missions to contribute to an enhancement of our understanding of the various processes, and ultimately to a better understanding of sea level change itself. Of special importance is the need to understand better the ocean circulation, and the contribution of ocean thermal expansion to sea level change.     

重复地震和地球内核的时变性

地球内核是地球最中心的圈层,它的一个很重要的特性是在几年至十年的尺度上存在着明显的时变性.利用重复地震经过内核的波随时间的变化给内核的时变性提供了最有力的且毫无争议的证据.然而时变信号的来源仍有待商榷.一般解释认为与内核的差速旋转有关;另一个解释为内核边界的快速变化.最新的研究表明,内核的时变信号主要来源于内核的内部而非边界.这一新发现排除了内核边界作为时变唯一信号来源的可能性.最简单而合理的解释依然是内核的差速旋转:内核以每年0.05°~0.1°的速率相对于地幔超速旋转,并有变速旋转的可能性,使得内核浅部不均一的横向结构发生位移,重复地震的体波沿着固定路径传播时会采样到不同的内核结构而产生时变信号.这一模型可以解释此前研究观测到的所有时变信号.内核时变现象和其成因的探究对于我们认识地球深部的运行方式,尤其是磁场的运行机制,有着重要的启发意义.