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991.
992.
通过对沅江市杨树生产的初步研究,着重讨论了杨树生产对沅江市区域经济和生态环境的影响。通过研究发现:大面积种植杨树能有效抑制钉螺的生长和繁殖,在一定程度上控制血吸虫病蔓延;带动当地家具业等相关产业的发展,提高了当地居民的收入;对当地居住环境的改善,防洪治水有着积极的意义。同时,大面积种植单一树种,也对湖区的湿地环境产生了一系列的不良影响。 相似文献
993.
Features of Late Cenozoic Deepwater Sedimentation in Southern Qiongdongnan Basin,Northwestern South China Sea 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Lü Fuliang 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2009,20(1)
Based on high resolution 2D and 3D seismic data acquired in recent years,using sequence stratigraphy analysis and geophysical methods,we discuss the features of Late Cenozoic deepwater sedimentation in the southern Qiongdongnan (琼东南) basin.The study area entered a bathyal slope environment in the Miocene.The channel developed in the Sanya (三亚) Formation was controlled by a fault break,and its shingled seismic characteristics represent multiple erosion and fill,which may indicate that turbidite current developed in the slope environment.The polygon faults found in mudstone of the Meishan (梅山) Formation represent the deepwater hungry sedimentary environment.The large-scale channels developed on the top of HuangUu (黄流) Formation could be the result of a big sea level drop and an increase of sediment supply.The fantastic turbidite channel developed in Late Quaternary in the slope environment has "fan-like" body and long frontal tiny avuision channel The analysis of these features suggests that the sediment supply of the study area in the post-rifting period was dominant from the Vietnam uplift in the southwest.These deepwater sedimentary features could be potential reservoirs or migration pathways for deepwater petroleum systems. 相似文献
994.
基于立体视觉的地貌晕渲表达方法探讨 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
在探讨电子地图中立体视觉必要性的基础上,提出了一种计算机条件下实现具有立体视觉的地貌晕渲的方法,并给出了其实现方法及部分实验结果。 相似文献
995.
Global ellipsoid-referenced topographic,bathymetric and stripping corrections to gravity disturbance
P.?VajdaEmail author A.?Ellmann B.?Meurers P.?Vaní?ek P.?Novák R.?Tenzer 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2008,52(1):19-34
This paper revisits several aspects of defining and computing the anomalous gravity data for purposes of gravimetric inversion/interpretation.
Attention is paid to evaluation of a refined global topographic correction to the gravity disturbance based on the reference
ellipsoid (RE) and constant reference density for solid topography onshore and sea water density for liquid topography offshore.
The global bathymetric correction is discussed. Two issues associated with compilation and inversion of bathymetrically and
topographically corrected gravity disturbances in regions of negative ellipsoidal (geodetic) heights are pointed out: the
evaluation of normal gravity and the harmonic continuation of the gravity data. Stripping, the removal of an effect of a known
density contrast, is considered also for additional geological elements such as lakes, glaciers, sedimentary basins, isostatic
mountain roots, etc. The stripping corrections are discussed in the context of the gravimetric inverse problem. 相似文献
996.
J.?Miku?kaEmail author R.?Pa?teka J.?Mrlina I.?Maru?iak 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2008,52(3):381-396
We analyzed the gravitational effect of topography and bathymetry beyond the angular distance of approximately 1.5 degrees
(referred to as the distant relief effect or DRE), and its impact on measured gravity values in the region of the former Czechoslovakia.
Our work was strongly motivated by the contents of the pioneering contribution of outstanding Czech geophysicists Miloš Pick,
Jan Pícha and Vincenc Vyskočil, which appeared at the turn of the 1950’s and 1960’s. Our numerical calculations were based
upon the direct evaluation of the gravitational effects of compartments of a spherical layer, while the respective heights
and depths were obtained from the 2 × 2 minutes digital elevation model (DEM) ETOPO2, taking into consideration also the influence
of distant bathymetry. Our results are in close agreement with, but not identical to, those of the above cited authors. We
also analyzed the influence of the grid cell size of the involved DEM upon the calculation results. We introduced an approximation
of the analyzed effect, based on a simple linear relationship between the calculation point height, the DRE and its vertical
gradient (VGDRE). Since when calculated at zero elevation the involved quantities DRE and VGDRE are smooth functions of latitude
and longitude and can be easily interpolated, the approximation gives acceptable results in terms of desired accuracy of several
μGal (1 μGal = 10−8 m/s2). In general, we can state that within the territories of the Czech and Slovak Republics the studied distant relief effect
has negligible impact upon local gravity survey data. However, when applied to regional gravity studies, there could be a
question of its possible influence in the form of a quasilinear W-E trend ranging approximately from −106.6 to −102.5 mGal
within the territory of former Czechoslovakia. If we wanted to correct for this phenomenon, we should subtract this negative
quantity from the standard Bouguer anomalies as they have been defined in the recent geophysical literature, thereby considerably
increasing their values. But, instead of straightforward correcting the Bouguer anomalies for DRE only, we would rather recommend
to wait until after the crustal and even lithospheric effects have been studied more carefully based upon the present day
independent knowledge about the deep seated sources of those effects. 相似文献
997.
Spatial prediction of river channel topography by kriging 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Topographic information is fundamental to geomorphic inquiry, and spatial prediction of bed elevation from irregular survey data is an important component of many reach‐scale studies. Kriging is a geostatistical technique for obtaining these predictions along with measures of their reliability, and this paper outlines a specialized framework intended for application to river channels. Our modular approach includes an algorithm for transforming the coordinates of data and prediction locations to a channel‐centered coordinate system, several different methods of representing the trend component of topographic variation and search strategies that incorporate geomorphic information to determine which survey data are used to make a prediction at a specific location. For example, a relationship between curvature and the lateral position of maximum depth can be used to include cross‐sectional asymmetry in a two‐dimensional trend surface model, and topographic breaklines can be used to restrict which data are retained in a local neighborhood around each prediction location. Using survey data from a restored gravel‐bed river, we demonstrate how transformation to the channel‐centered coordinate system facilitates interpretation of the variogram, a statistical model of reach‐scale spatial structure used in kriging, and how the choice of a trend model affects the variogram of the residuals from that trend. Similarly, we show how decomposing kriging predictions into their trend and residual components can yield useful information on channel morphology. Cross‐validation analyses involving different data configurations and kriging variants indicate that kriging is quite robust and that survey density is the primary control on the accuracy of bed elevation predictions. The root mean‐square error of these predictions is directly proportional to the spacing between surveyed cross‐sections, even in a reconfigured channel with a relatively simple morphology; sophisticated methods of spatial prediction are no substitute for field data. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
998.
This paper reviews a model, developed by Shiono and Knight [Shiono K, Knight DW. Two-dimensional analytical solution for a compound channel. In: Proceedings of the 3rd international symposium on refined flow modelling and turbulence measurements, Tokyo, Japan, July 1988. p. 503–10; Shiono K, Knight DW. Turbulent open channel flows with variable depth across the channel. J Fluid Mech 1991;222:617–46 [231:693]], which yields analytical solutions to the depth-integrated Navier–Stokes equations, and includes the effects of bed friction, lateral turbulence and secondary flows. Some issues about the original model developed by Shiono and Knight (1988, 1991) are highlighted and discussed. Based on the experimental data concerning the secondary flow, two assumptions are proposed to describe the contribution of the streamwise vorticity to the flow. Two new analytical solutions are compared with the conventional solution for three simple channel shapes and one trapezoidal compound channel to highlight their differences and the importance of the secondary flow and planform vorticity term. Comparison of the analytical results with the experimental data shows that the general SKM predicts the lateral distributions of depth-averaged velocity well. 相似文献
999.
Geochemical data and mapping from a Karoo flood basalt crater complex reveals new information about the ascent and eruption
of magma batches during the earliest phases of flood basalt volcanism. Flood basalt eruptions at Sterkspruit, South Africa
began with emplacement of thin lava flows before abruptly switching to explosive phreatomagmatic and magmatic activity that
formed a nest of craters, spatter and tuff rings and cones that collectively comprise a crater complex >40 km2 filled by 9–18 km3 of volcaniclastic debris. Rising magma flux rates combined with reduced access of magma to external water led to effusion
of thick Karoo flood basalts, burying the crater-complex beneath the >1.5 km-thick Lesotho lava pile. Geochemical data is
consistent with flood basalt effusion from local dikes, and some lava flows likely shared or re-occupied vent sites active
during explosive eruptions at Sterkspruit. Flood basalt magmas involved in Sterkspruit eruptions were chemically heterogenous.
This study documents the rapid (perhaps simultaneous) eruption of three chemically distinct basaltic magmas which cannot be
simply related to one another from one vent site within the Sterkspruit crater complex. Stratigraphic and map relationships
indicate that eruption of the same three magma types took place from closely spaced vents over a short time during formation
of the bulk of the crater-complex. Two magma types recognized there have not been recognized in the Karoo province before.
The variable composition of flood basalts at Sterkspruit argues that magma batches in flood basalt fields may be small (0.5–1 km3) and not simply related to one another. This implies in turn that heterogeneities in the magma source region may be close
to each other in time and space, and that eruptions of chemically distinct magmas may take place over short intervals of space
and time without significant hybridisation in flood basalt fields. 相似文献
1000.
Dyah I. Kusumastuti Murugesu Sivapalan Iain Struthers David A. Reynolds 《Advances in water resources》2008,31(12):1651-1661
The aim of this paper is to illustrate the effects of spatial organization of lake chains and associated storage thresholds upon lake-overflow behaviour, and specifically their impact upon large scale flow connectivity and the flood frequency of lake overflows. The analysis was carried out with the use of a multiple bucket model of the lake chain system, consisting of a network of both lakes and associated catchment areas, which explicitly incorporated within it three storage thresholds: a catchment field capacity threshold that governs catchment subsurface stormflow, a total storage capacity threshold that governs catchment surface runoff, and a lake storage capacity threshold that determines lake overflow. The model is driven by rainfall inputs generated by a stochastic rainfall model that is able to capture rainfall variability at a wide range of time scales. The study is used to gain insights into the process controls of lake-overflow generation, and in particular, to explore the crucial role of factors relating to lake organization, such as the average catchment area to lake area (AC/AL) ratio and the distribution of AC/AL with distance in the downstream direction (increasing or decreasing). The study showed that the average AC/AL value was the most important factor determining the frequency of occurrence and magnitude of floods from a landscape consisting of lake chains. The larger the average AC/AL value the more runoff is generated from catchments thus increasing both the occurrence and magnitude of lake overflows. In this case the flood frequency curve reflects that of the catchment area, and lake organization does not play an important role. When AC/AL is small the landscape is lake dominated, the spatial organization of lakes has a significant impact on lake connectivity, and consequently on flood frequency. One of the aspects of lake organization that may have a significant influence on lake connectivity is the spatial distribution of AC/AL from upstream to downstream (increasing or decreasing). In a landscape in which AC/AL increases downstream, lake overflow will occur more frequently relative to a similar landscape (i.e. identical AC/AL) with a constant value of AC/AL. When AC/AL decreases downstream, however, runoff inputs from the upstream parts will trigger lake overflow in the downstream parts, and consequently, full connectivity may be achieved leading to increased flood frequencies. 相似文献