凡纳滨对虾“黑精荚”病防治方法的研究

研究了凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)"黑精荚"产生的病因及防治方法。结果表明:"黑精荚"是由于雄虾长时间生活在污物较多的池底中引发细菌感染而造成的。保持池底清洁、挤出黑精荚、投喂优质饵料和保持水温30℃以下,可使精荚重新形成并发育成熟;用二氧化氯和诺氟沙星联合用药使黑精荚恢复功能等措施可有效防治"黑精荚"病。     

半潜式海洋平台定位系统的控制系统研究

以海洋平台定位系统作为研究对象,阐述了平台定位的主要组成和工作原理,设计了满足速度控制、同步控制和恒张力控制的不同运行模式下的系泊绞车液压系统,分析了液压系统各主要元件在系统中的作用。采用伪微分反馈控制算法对系泊绞车进行控制,并给出了同步控制的策略和恒张力的计算调定方法。Matlab仿真表明,伪微分控制算法具有很好的动态响应特性,完全满足海洋平台系泊定位的要求。     

基于ADS40影像的海岛测图控制点需求分析

主要以ADS40数码影像资料为基础,针对典型海岛测区的控制点布设,制定不同的布点方案,通过空中三角测量作业及平差实验,比较各种方案的数字空中三角测量成果精度,论证得出最佳、最优的外业布点方案,为海岛的外业控制点布设提供指导及依据.     

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??????????λ?????????????????λ????????????????????????????????????????????GPS????α??????????????????????????GPS???????????λ???????????ü?????????????????????????????CSCORS???????????ε?λ????????????????β??λ??????????????仯????????????λ???????????????????GPS????????????ò????????ò????λ???????     

石油勘探开发数据元管理技术

ISO对数据元管理方面只规定注册管理,缺少数据元质量控制技术、分类管理、数据元搜索技术,难以满足实际应用需要.给出基于语义的石油勘探开发数据元管理架构;以基于油田领域本体的数据元语义形式化定义为基础,提出数据元质量控制模型、数据元分类模式、数据元搜索服务等管理技术.该技术已经应用于中国石化石油勘探开发数据元管理中.     

梅州城市湿地外来入侵植物现状及防治对策

通过实地调查和文献检索,对梅州城市湿地外来入侵植物的组成、生活型、危害程度、原产地、入侵途径等进行了分析。结果表明：梅州城市湿地主要外来入侵植物有16科29属33种,其中菊科植物的数量最多,占入侵植物总数的27.3%;生活型以草本植物为主;有10种入侵植物给当地生态环境带来严重危害;原产地以美洲为主;引入途径主要以人为有意或无意引入为主。在分析城市湿地外来入侵植物现状的基础上,提出了建立入侵植物生态风险评估系统、加强入境检疫、加强地区合作、提高公众防范意识、有效防控和变害为宝等对策,为城市生态及经济的可持续发展提供参考。     

陕北志丹油田樊川区长61低阻油层成因分析与识别方法

陕北地区延长组发育低（特）渗储层,除发育通常的高阻油层外,还极易形成低阻油层;因此,低阻油层的发现,极大拓宽了该区石油勘探和开发的领域。根据志丹油田樊川油区长6¹的石油地质特征,结合大量实验和生产数据资料的分析对比,对该区低阻油层的成因机理及宏观控制因素进行了分析。结果表明:长6¹储层的孔隙结构复杂导致束缚水饱和度增高,高地层水矿化度、高泥质含量及放射性砂岩的存在,是低阻油层得以形成的主要原因。通过大量实际试油和测井资料的对比可见,应用计算自然电位与自然电位曲线重叠法可以快速直观显示其含油性,声波时差-深电阻率的交会图与自然伽马-深电阻率交会图相结合可有效识别低阻油层。对区内85口探井进行了测井资料的二次解释,在长6发现了初次解释所遗漏的45个低阻油层,油层数由原来的117个增加到162个,净增27.8%。     

Late Holocene upper bounds of flood magnitudes and twentieth century large floods in the ungauged, hyperarid alluvial Nahal Arava, Israel

The impact of large twentieth century floods on the riparian vegetation and channel morphology of the relatively wide anabranching and braided Nahal Arava, southern Israel, was documented as part of developing tools to (a) identify recent large floods, (b) determine these flood's respective magnitudes in alluvial ungauged streams, and (c) determine long-term upper bounds to flood stages and magnitudes. Along most of its course Nahal Paran, a major tributary that impacts the morphology, floods and sediments of Nahal Arava at the study reach, is a coarse-gravel, braided ephemeral stream. Downstream of the Arava–Paran confluence, aeolian and fluvial sand delivered from eastern Arava valley alters the channel morphology. The sand has accreted up to 2.5 m above the distinct current channels, facilitating the recording of large floods. This sand enhances the establishment of denser riparian vegetation (mainly Tamarix nilotica and Haloxylon persicum) that interacts with floods and affects stream morphology. A temporal association was found between specific floods recorded upstream and tree-ring ages of re-growth of flood-damaged tamarix trees (‘Sigafoos trees’) in the past 30 years. This association can be utilized for developing a twentieth century flood chronology in hyperarid ungauged basins in the region. The minimum magnitude of the largest flood that covered the entire channel width, estimated from flood deposits, is approximately 1700–1800 m³s^− 1. This is a larger magnitude than the largest gauged flood of 1150 m³s^− 1 that occurred in 1970 about 30 km upstream in Nahal Paran. Our estimation agrees with flood magnitude estimated from the regional envelope curve of the largest floods. Based on Holocene alluvial stratigraphy and OSL dating in the study reach we also conclude that flood stages did not reach the late Holocene ( 2.2 ka) surface and therefore we estimate a non-exceedance upper bound of  2000 m³s^− 1 flood magnitudes for Nahal Arava during that interval. This study indicates that in unfavorable areas the combination of hydrology, fluvial morphology and botanic evidence can increase our understanding of ungauged basins and give information crucial for hydrology planning.     

差异风化型危岩力学模型及破坏机制研究

差异风化型危岩多形成于由砂岩和泥岩等软、硬岩性组成的互层陡倾岩质边坡中,其崩塌破坏属地质灾害中的常见形态。以普洱渡危岩高边坡为例,推导出差异风化型危岩岩腔后壁泥岩压应力随岩腔深度增加而增大的计算公式。据普洱渡危岩高边坡地形地貌和地质构造特征建立了两类4种差异风化型危岩力学模型：第1类为主控结构面贯通率等于1时的泥岩基座压裂破坏型和转动破坏型危岩;第2类为主控结构面贯通率小于1时的坠落型和倾倒型危岩。利用岩石强度理论推导出研究区砂岩的二次抛物线型摩尔强度包络方程,以极限平衡理论和摩尔强度理论推导了4种危岩体在自重、地震力和裂隙水压力共同作用下的崩塌破坏判别表达式,并由此反演出危岩体的临界崩塌边界方程,得出危岩体崩塌边界（岩腔深度、危岩体厚度和高度、主控裂隙深度）之间的关系,为现场预测和判别危岩体的稳定性和崩落时序提供简便可靠的依据。     

Vibration control of piled-structures through structure-soil-structure-interaction

This paper deals with the vibration control of existing structures forced by earthquake induced ground motion. To this aim it is proposed for the first time to exploit the structure–soil–structure mechanism to develop a device, hosted in the soil but detached from the structure, able to absorb part of the seismic energy so to reduce the vibration of neighbourhood structures. The design of the device is herein addressed to protect monopile structures from earthquake induced ground motion. By modelling the ground motion as zero-mean quasi-stationary response-spectrum-compatible Gaussian stochastic process, the soil as visco-elastic medium and the target monopiled-structure as a linear behaving structure the device, herein called Vibrating Barrier (ViBa), has been designed through an optimization procedure. Various numerical and experimental results are produced to show the effectiveness of the ViBa. Remarkably, a significant reduction of the structural response up to 44% has been achieved.