Aspects of dinantian sedimentation in the edale basin,north derbyshire

The Dinantian Edale Basin is located to the north of the Derbyshire carbonate platform and underlies the Upper Carboniferous of the central Pennines. The Edale Basin was thought to be part of a large basin which extended from the Derbyshire carbonate platform to the Askrigg Block. The presence of aggregate grains and ooids in the Alport Borehole suggests that a carbonate platform, possibly located on the Holme structural high, was present underneath the central Pennines. This platform is called the Holme Platform. The Arundian to early Asbian section of the Alport Borehole represents deposition of resedimented shallow-water carbonates with occasional bioturbated periplatform carbonates and basinal shales on the middle part of a carbonate ramp. Volcaniclastic sediments may have been derived from a volcanic centre within the Edale Basin. A change in sedimentation during the mid-Asbian to the deposition of basinal shales and distal carbonate turbidites is attributed to starvation of the basin. This may have been caused by a combination of the development of accretionary rimmed carbonate shelves and the repeated emergence of shelf carbonates deposited on surrounding carbonate platforms. The late Asbian/early Brigantian section of the Edale Borehole is interpreted as a distal equivalent of the ‘Beach Beds’ which outcrop at the north margin of the Derbyshire carbonate platform. The ‘Beach Beds’ represent bioclastic turbidites derived from the Derbyshire carbonate platform. Throughout the Brigantian, sedimentation in the Edale Basin was dominated by the deposition of distal carbonate turbidites and basinal shales. Variation of dip through the Alport Borehole indicates the common occurrence of slumps throughout the sequence and the presence of either an angular unconformity or a fault within the early Brigantian section.     

The biostratigraphy and formational relationships of the upper aeronian and lower telychian (llandovery,silurian) formations of western mid-wales

The stratigraphical relationships of the upper Aeronian-lower Telychian formations in the Aberystwyth area are examined in the light of a new biostratigraphical subdivision of this interval based on graptolites, in which part of the Monograptus turriculatus Biozone is divided into six subzones and the Stimulograptus halli Biozone is resurrected. In the Aberystwyth area (B.G.S. 1:50 000 Sheet 163 (1984)) there is shown to be greater diachroneity of formational —boundaries than previously recognized. Notably, the Cwmsymlog Formation facies persisted in the northeast of the area far longer than anywhere else, due to the persistence of a bathymetric high into the lower Telychian. Also, the basal beds of the Aberystwyth Grits in the west of the area are shown to be of the same age as the uppermost beds of the Devil's Bridge Formation in the east. Thus for a short period the area was subject to turbiditic incursions from two sources. The degree of diachroneity of the base of the Aberystwyth Grits Formation as a whole is less than previously thought — the oldest beds are approximately one subzone older in the south than in the north. The core of the in the clinal pericline responsible for the crescentic outcrop pattern of the Aberystwyth Grits is demonstrated to lie in the vicinity of Llanrhystud, rather than at Aberarth as previously suggested. Four new graptolite species are described and one new genus is erected.     

蜀南地区下三叠统飞仙关组沉积相

蜀南地区飞仙关组的沉积相类型主要有浑水陆棚相与清水陆棚相,东部两者交替发育,中西部则主要为浑水陆棚相。浑水陆棚相以半局限海亚相为主,包括三个微相;清水陆棚相可分为颗粒滩、滩间、潮坪和内缘斜坡等四个亚相,包括若干微相。飞一段全区为清水陆棚相;飞二段全区均为浑水陆棚亚相的泥质半局限海微相;飞三段,西部为浑水陆棚相,东部为清水陆棚相,其间发育灰泥质半局限海微相;飞四段基本为泥质半局限海微相。飞一时,区内中部有一近南北向的台内凹槽,沿凹槽边缘鲕粒滩较发育。研究区以西的康滇古陆和龙门山岛链与华蓥山断裂带控制着区内沉积相展布,当康滇古陆和龙门山岛链构造活跃时全区发育浑水陆棚,华蓥山断裂带活动时东部发育清水陆棚;当康滇古陆、龙门山岛链与华蓥山断裂带构造的活动性都较低时,全区以清水陆棚为主。     

国外海相油气田勘探实例之三美国得克萨斯州法尔韦油田

美国法尔韦油田位于东得克萨斯盆地中心附近。油田发现于1960年,同年投入生产。原始地质储量为4亿桶,至2003年累计产油2.17亿桶。原油具挥发性,接近饱和。主要储层为下白垩统James组礁石灰岩,主要为骨架粒状灰岩/泥粒灰岩和富含双壳类粒泥状灰岩,各岩相的平均孔隙度一般在7%～11%,但平均渗透率在各岩相中不均,最高达(37～44)×10-3"m2。介绍了该油田的勘探史,描述了盆地构造演化史、含油气系统、地层沉积相和储层特征。     

柴达木盆地第三系咸水湖相生油岩古沉积环境地球化学特征

在系统分析柴达木盆地西部第三系咸水湖相生油岩样品的微量元素、有机物、粘土矿物组成的基础上,揭示了研究区生油岩的无机元素和有机质组成特征;并结合沉积环境的无机与有机地球化学指标,重建了生油岩沉积时的古沉积环境。生油岩的B、Cl-及伽玛蜡烷含量表明,沉积时的水介质条件是半咸水—咸水环境,并伴随湖盆沉积中心北迁过程各层位地层的盐度发生规律性时空]化;生油岩的Fe2 /Fe3 、S2-、Pr/Ph比值、藿烷碳数分布模式及黄铁矿含量反映其沉积时的沉积环境为强还原性;粘土矿物组合特征及含量揭示这些生油岩的沉积相带介于中心咸湖相和边缘咸湖相之间。     

云南楚雄盆地上三叠统沉积及地球化学的海相特征

楚雄盆地为中生代形成的典型前陆盆地。三叠纪是其形成的主体阶段和盆山转换的重要时期,也是由海相向陆相沉积环境的转折期,同时上三叠统是楚雄盆地最重要的油气资源层系。通过对楚雄盆地上三叠统进行系统的沉积学、层序地层学和波动地质学分析,在上三叠统识别出3个三级层序,建立了层序地层格架和高频波动曲线。对层序地层格架内的碳、氧同位素和微量元素的特征进行分析,发现楚雄盆地晚三叠世诺利晚期—瑞替期沉积具有海相沉积环境的地球化学特征,同时综合多学科的研究成果,指出楚雄盆地该时期为一与海域相接的近海湖盆,并受到间歇性海侵的影响。而海相烃源岩与陆相烃源岩在生烃能力、分布规律等方面均具有较大的差异。因此,这一认识对于重新评价楚雄盆地晚三叠世烃源岩具有重要意义。     

基于DEM的长江上游土地利用分析

全球环境变化与可持续发展是当今关切的重大问题之一,而土地利用/覆盖变化研究则是其中的热点和前沿领域。目前,严重的生态环境已成为长江上游地区经济社会发展的重大障碍,也是本区和整个长江流域实现可持续发展的最主要的制约因素。本文在DEM基础上,分析了2000年长江上游高程、坡度和坡向与土地利用的关系。研究结果表明,随着高程、坡度和坡向的变化,2000年长江上游的土地利用类型也有很大差异,这些因素对长江上游的土地利用有着重要的影响。为了保护生态环境,促进本区和整个长江流域实现可持续发展,需进一步因地制宜,结合高程、坡度和坡向等影响因素优化土地利用类型和改善地表覆盖。     

柴达木盆地东缘祁连圆柏轮宽序列标准化的方法研究

利用在青海柴达木盆地东缘山地获取的大量祁连圆柏树轮资料,对拟合并去除树木生长趋势即标准化方法进行探讨,提出了一种总体曲线方法。该方法用包含完整树木髓心、并且在40~60年间达到生长顶峰的树轮资料拟合柴达木盆地东缘祁连圆柏的总体生长趋势曲线,并用广义的负指数函数来描述树木自茎的次生生长开始以来的径向生长过程。用相同的树轮资料建立估算缺失轮数的最初径向生长模型,其方差解释量高达90.9%。建立年表时包含髓心的样芯认定生理年龄为1年,不包含髓心的样芯用最初径向生长模型估算缺失轮数,然后全部样芯用生长趋势曲线对应部分进行去趋势标准化。该方法对建立可靠、准确的长年表有重要意义,所建年表比用传统负指数函数方法建立的年表保留了更多的低频变化信息。     

新疆焉耆盆地绿洲景观的空间格局及其变化

通过GIS技术的叠加和提取功能建立了焉耆盆地两个时间段的景观类型转移矩阵。在此基础上,分析了焉耆盆地内部绿洲景观类型的动态演化过程和空间分布特征。结果表明:焉耆盆地经过近40年的土地开垦后,人工绿洲呈现出上升的趋势,农田向自然绿洲和荒漠的扩张在整个研究阶段均可见;农田开垦的对象表现为从草地(含部分沼泽地)→多汁木本盐柴类荒漠→超旱生灌木半灌木荒漠迁移,体现了农田绿洲开垦从易到难,自然绿洲不断缩小,人工绿洲不断扩大的过程;对土地和水资源的不合理利用,导致盆地内湖泊水体、湖泊周边及农田绿洲出现明显的生态退化。焉耆盆地今后的规划和发展必须高度重视人工绿洲生态系统和自然生态之间的平衡,盆地环境治理很大程度决定于水资源的合理利用和合理调节。     

塔里木盆地寒武-奥陶系烃源岩的分子地球化学特征

对塔里木盆地下古生界样品的地球化学分析表明,上奥陶统良里塔格组、中上奥陶统却尔却克群烃源岩与其他烃源岩具有明显的差异,具有低的C28甾烷、24-降胆甾烷、甲藻甾烷、甲藻三芳甾烷与伽马蜡烷含量以及高的C24四环萜烷、重排甾烷含量等特点。柯坪地区中上奥陶统萨尔干组、印干组页岩伽马蜡烷、C28甾烷相对含量与寒武系、中下奥陶统黑土凹组烃源岩具有相似性。萨尔干组、印干组烃源岩中生物标志物的绝对含量很低。柯坪地区寒武系玉尔吐斯组、中上奥陶统萨尔干组、上奥陶统印干组、满东地区中下奥陶统黑土凹组等较强沉积环境的泥质烃源岩伽马蜡烷、C28甾烷、特殊甾烷的相对含量与海相原油主体有较大差异。上奥陶统印干组烃源岩较高含量的三芳甲藻甾烷、24-降重排胆甾烷和24-降胆甾烷化合物的检出表明,断代生物标志物的提法值得商榷。