福建沿海设计潮位查算图研制

就目前在推求设计位中若干争议的问题进行了分析,应用统计假设检验理论研究了年最高潮位的随机性,提出了通过区分不同的组合概率法推求设计潮位的新方法,根据福建沿海位资料研制了设计潮位查算图,以便于无潮位观测资料的地区查求出设计潮位。     

岩土工程数值计算中的无网格方法及其全自动布点技术

自然单元法采用无网格的思想全域构造插值函数,它的求解精度高,计算时间少,可准确地施加边界条件,兼具有无网格法和有限单元法的优点和特点,是一种理想的用于岩土及地下工程分析计算的数值方法。文中简要地介绍了自然单元法的基本理论,并针对岩土及地下工程问题特点,给出了一种无网格离散点的全自动布置方法。     

Key factors which influence the success of community forestry in developing countries

While community forestry has shown promise to reduce rural poverty, improve reforestation and potentially offset carbon emissions, many projects have failed, either partly or completely. In order to understand why community forestry succeeds or fails, we examined in detail the literature related to community forestry from three countries, Mexico, Nepal and the Philippines. We also drew on experiences in other countries in Asia, Latin America and Africa. We identified five main interconnected factors which the literature suggests are often critical to the success of community forestry. To integrate the many ways in which community forestry projects can improve the state of these factors, we use the concept of ‘bonding social capital’, i.e. communities’ ability to work together towards a common aim and ‘bridging social capital’, i.e. their ability to liaise with the outside world. To understand the interaction of the five success factors and the way in which improvements to bonding or bridging social capital may affect them, we developed a causal diagram which depicts the interrelationships between the success factors and the key points at which project inputs may be best applied. It is clear from our analysis that failing to appreciate both the complexity and interaction of the various influences may lead to project failure.     

The astrophysical parameters of Majaess-95 and Majaess-225

Most astrophysical parameters of the two stellar clusters Majaess 95 and Majaess 225 have been investigated here for the first time using the third data release of the Gaia space mission (Gaia-DR3). The membership probabilities of stars were assigned using the pyUPMASK algorithm. The parallaxes offset has been corrected using the zero-point correction code of Lindegren et al. (Lindegren et al. 2021, A&A, 649, A4). Using the clusters' members with membership probabilities >0.50, we calculated the distance to the clusters of 3311 and 3020 (±130) pc, respectively, which agree with the results from our isochrone fitting on the color-magnitude diagram. The ages are found to be 282 (±20) and 12.6 (±2) Ma. Also, the reddening, heliocentric distances, luminosity function, mass function, and total mass were estimated. On studying the dynamic state (relaxation time), we found that Majaess-95 is a relaxed cluster, while Majaess-225 is not relaxed yet.     

利用层次Voronoi图进行点群综合

通过距离权重描述点的重要程度,采用改进的k-means算法得到点群的聚类中心,进而以聚类中心为基础,构建了层次加权Voronoi图与Voronoi层次树结构.以点群的分布范围、排列方式与密度为度量,给出了基于Voronoi层次树结构的点群综合方法,确保了点群综合前后在空间形态分布上的一致性.结合地理统计学计算,对综合方法作了进一步的量化评估与优化.经验证,本文方法是可行、有效的.     

基于网络Voronoi图启发式和群智能的最大覆盖空间优化

提出一种基于网络Voronoi面域图的最大覆盖选址模型及相应的粒子群优化方法,并应用于城市响应时间敏感型公共服务设施的空间优化。本文考虑设施功能沿交通网络辐射以及需求非均匀分布情形,对设施在网络连续空间上进行布局优化,选址模型采用网络Voronoi面域图划分布局设施的功能辐射域,以启发空间优化最小化重叠覆盖。模型同时顾及了设施利用率的最大化,规定设施对给定距离以内的需求实行的完全服务覆盖和对给定距离以外的需求实行随距离衰减的部分服务覆盖。本研究提出基于遗传机制和广义Voronoi图改进的粒子群算法以提高其空间优化性能,通过对南京市消防站最大覆盖空间优化实验表明,该研究取得了较为理想的结果,可应用于城市化区域应急设施最大覆盖空间优化。     

中长期地震危险性概率预测中的统计检验方法Ⅰ:Molchan图表法

对中长期地震危险性概率预测结果的统计检验是地震预测预报的重要研究内容,采用通用的统计检验方法是促进地震预测理论、模型"无障碍"交流和发展的必要条件.本文通过对青藏高原东北缘地区PI算法和RI算法回溯性预测结果统计检验的实例,介绍了如何运用CSEP计划中已常规采用的Molchan图表法进行地震概率预测统计检验和分析,并分...     

Assessment of the Intake and the Pretreatment Design in Existing Seawater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) Plants by Hasse Diagram Technique (HDT)

Seawater desalination is a rising technology intended to overcome water scarcity and is increasingly being used for the production of drinking water. A good quality pretreatment process is prominent to the successful operation of a Seawater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) plant. The tasks of the intake and the pretreatment modules are to prevent fouling and to extend the lifetime of the reverse osmosis membranes. To practice the method of assessment design, 19 seawater plants with 11 different design strategies have been evaluated. The assessed strategies consist of: (i) Intake treatment, (ii) pretreatment aid (coagulation, flocculation, clarification), and (iii) pretreatment unit. Every possible combination of the design elements has been evaluated by a set of 15 attributes. The comparative evaluation has been conducted by Hasse diagram technique (HDT) using PyHasse software. The result of the HDT application includes 7 favorable incomparable design strategies. In order to solve the incomparability, the Condorcet–Kemeny–Young–Levenglick (C–K–Y–L) ranking procedure was additionally used and rendered the optimal design that is based on subsurface intake and membrane (ultrafiltration) pretreatment facilities. According to the results, both mathematical methods, i.e., the HDT in combination with the C–K–Y–L, procedure can be powerful and helpful tools to assist decisions concerning design strategies.     

A study on the mixing proportion in groundwater samples by using Piper diagram and Phreeqc model

Piper (1944) diagram has been the basis for several important interpretations of the hydrogeochemical data. As seen in this diagram, most natural waters contain relatively few dissolved constituents, with cations (metals or bases) and anions (acid radicles) in chemical equilibrium with one another. Apart from the facies representation, the composition of the mixed sample can be identified in terms of the composition of the parental solution. To bring out this advantage of the Piper diagram, a study was conducted in the Kalpakkam region of Tamilnadu, South India. By taking the geology and water table into consideration, two sample locations were selected as parent solution and third one as the mixture sample. All three samples were analyzed for calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), sulphate (SO4) and phosphate (PO4) by Ion Chromatograph (Metrohm IC 861). HCO3 was determined by volumetric titration. The Piper diagram shows that parent solutions clustered towards Na-Mg-Ca-HCO3-Cl and Na-HCO3 facies, and the mixing sample belongs to Na-Mg-HCO3 facies. Phreeqc interac-tive (Ver 2.8) along with the original composition of the mixture sample was used to correlate the mixing proportion identified by the Piper diagram.     

不同类型云的V．30特征及一次航线上云变化的实例分析

能否解决飞机在恶劣环境下飞行的问题,对降低与气象有关的飞行事故和备降率具有十分重要的意义。本文运用以V-30图作为分析工具的数字化分析方法,分析了不同类型云的V-30图结构特征,并实例分析了一次航线上云的变化过程。分析结果如下：（1）V-30图能快速区分层云积云、能识别层状云冷暖性,同时对垂直面上不同层次是否有云、云层多高多厚等也有较好识别;（2）实例分析结果与卫星云图和天气实况作比较,效果较好。实例分析验证了文章所述方法的可行性和有效性,为下一步工作奠定了基础。