对虾细胞培养的研究现状、存在问题及建立细胞系策略

近年来,对虾病毒病的爆发,使我国养殖对虾的年产量大幅度下降,造成了巨大的经济损失。就对虾细胞培养研究现状、应用前景和存在的关键问题等进行了综述和讨论。     

对虾病害防控的理论与实践

近年来我国对虾养殖持续保持较高增长,但是高密度集约化养殖带来的病害频发和防控手段缺乏等问题,往往给对虾养殖业造成巨大损失,使对虾养殖业成为一个高风险高回报的产业。针对我国对虾养殖业存在的主要危害因子如病原微生物、真菌毒素和环境胁迫等,笔者所在研究团队多年来从对虾免疫反应和生长代谢调控角度,探讨了对虾应对外界刺激的内在机制。同时,研究开发了水产专用的微生物制剂、抗病功能蛋白以及生物饲料等新型的安全投入品,开展了从基础理论到实际应用的系统性研究工作。本文综述了研究团队多年来在对虾病害防控的理论与实践方面的研究成果。     

三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)乳化病的组织病理和超微病理研究

利用组织切片及超薄切片电镜技术对患“乳化病”三疣梭子蟹的鳃、肝胰腺、步足肌肉、心肌和性腺5种组织进行病理学分析。组织病理显示:乳化病的病变性质为变质性炎症,主要病变部位在肝胰腺,其病灶表现为水变性、脂肪变性和细胞坏死等症状,步足肌和心肌表现出肌纤维断裂、浑浊等症状。超微病理显示:在肝胰腺和步足肌组织中有大量细菌,肝胰腺细胞结构损伤主要表现为微绒毛损伤脱落、线粒体坏死、溶酶体增多及脂肪滴变性,肌纤维断裂、溶解,血隙中血淋巴细胞受严重侵染。     

多年冻土区公路病害对冻土地温和含冰类型的敏感性分析

多年冻土的年平均温度和含冰类型作为表征多年冻土特征的两个基本指标,在一定程度上决定了多年冻土区公路工程所要采取的技术措施. 因此,年平均温度和含冰类型是多年冻土公路工程设计和施工中必须考虑的两个因素. 通过对青康公路国道214线沿线冻土工程地质状况调查和公路病害的分析,结合区域内气象水文等资料,研究了公路工程病害对多年冻土年平均温度和含冰类型的敏感性,查清了影响公路病害的主要因素. 研究结果为不同地温分区、不同含冰量多年冻土区公路病害防治技术措施的选择提供了科学依据,将减少或延缓多年冻土区公路病害的发生,提高工程质量,节省养护成本,保障安全运营,促进冻土区经济社会的发展.     

Geographical accessibility and Kentucky's heart-related hospital services

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of mortality in the US. Rates of mortality vary spatially and demographically, influenced not only by individual patient characteristics but also by levels of accessibility to hospital services and facilities. In 2000, Kentucky ranked third in the nation for heart-related deaths. The purpose of this paper is to assess geographical accessibility and service utilization related to ambulatory care sensitive CVDs in Kentucky. This study utilizes the Kentucky Hospital Discharge Database to evaluate service utilization and the Compressed Mortality File to examine mortality related to CVDs. A spatial statistical comparison of the geographical distribution of service usage and travel time to hospitals assists in assessing the relationship between accessibility and health. Our findings suggest that the distribution of utilization and mortality is geographically variable. People living in rural areas travel further to services; populations residing more than 45 min from health facilities are more likely to be socially and economically marginalized. Spatial clustering of high rates of hospital utilization occurs in areas with lower accessibility.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Unfairly Structured Cities . Blair Badcock Religion and Rural Revolt . Janos M. Bak and Gerhard Benecke The Industrial Geography of Canada . Anthony Blackbourn and Robert G. Putnam The Cuban-American Experience, Culture, Images, and Perspectives. Thomas D. Boswell and James R. Curtis Quaternary Paleoclimatology . R. S. Bradley Development and Crisis in Brazil, 1930–1983 . Luiz Bresser Pereiras Centres of Origin in Biogeography . John C. Briggs Analytical Urban Geography . Martin Cadwallader Geomorphology . Richard J. Chorley , Stanley A. Schumm, and David E. Sugden South Africa: The Impact of Past Geographies . A. J. Christopher The Geography of Underdevelopment. A Critical Survey . D. K. Forbes Health Care in Developing Countries . Wilbert M. Gesler Place to Grow Old: The Meaning of Environment in Old Age . Stephen M. Golant The Emerging Marine Economy of the Pacific . Chennat Gopalakrishnan An Introduction to Agricultural Geography . David B. Grigg The Soviet Union: A Geographical Study . G. Melvyn Howe Geographical Aspects of Health: Essays in Honour of Andrew Learmonth . N. D. Mc Glashan and J. R. Blunden Physical Geography: A Landscape Appreciation . Tom L. Mc Knight Mountain Experience. The Psychology and Sociology of Adventure. Richard G. Mitchell Jr . Systematic and Regional Biogeography. Stanley A. Morain The Economic Transformation of American Cities. T. J. Noyelle and T. M. Stanback , Jr . Normal Accidents: Living With High-Risk Technologies. Charles Perrow Vanishing Farmland: A Legal Solution for the States. Sarah E. Redfield Applied Methods of Regional Analysis: The Spatial Dimensions of Development Policy. Dennis A. Rondinelli Urbanization in Romania. A Geography of Social and Economic Change Since Independence. Per Ronnas Statistical Techniques in Geographical Analysis. Gareth Shaw and Dennis Wheeler The Granite Garden: Urban Nature and Human Design. Anne Whiston Spirn Political Geography: Recent Advances and Future Directions. Peter Taylor and John House Geographia y Medio Ambiente. Manuel Valenzuela -Rubío Nãgara and Commandery: Origins of the Southeast Asian Urban Traditions. Paul Wheatley The Common Fisheries Policy of the European Community. Mark Wise Geography and Gender. Women and Geography Study Group of the IBG Technological Hazards. D. J. Zeigler , J. H. Johnson , S. D. Brunn     

自然疫源性疾病地理环境因子探测及风险预测研究综述

自然疫源性疾病的分布和传播与地理环境关系密切,探测其与地理环境因子的关系对于掌握自然疫源性疾病的分布及其风险预测具有重要意义。本文以蜱传自然疫源性疾病为重点,通过文献调研和资料收集分析,综述了蜱传性疾病主要地理分布特征,其与地貌、气候、土壤、植被、土地利用等地理环境因子的影响关系,以及该类疾病风险特征和风险因子探测、风险预测建模方法等方面的研究进展。从自然疫源性疾病研究中的数据来源、技术方法和结果表达3个层面,对其未来趋势进行分析和展望。     

青海省柴达木地区钾肥生产企业粉尘、噪声主要职业病危害的调查分析

青海是我国资源较为丰富的省份,钾盐资源的开发及钾肥生产在国内占有重要地位。随着青海高原地区盐湖钾肥产业的迅速发展,相关部门对该行业职业卫生、职业病防治工作日渐重视。通过大量的现场数据收集、整理,对青海高原地区盐湖钾肥行业作业人员面临的职业病危害因素、健康安全等相关问题进行了总结和分析,提出了有针对性的防范措施。     

南设得兰群岛、比斯科群岛及其附近浮游多毛类动物初步报告

本文报导了我国首次南极洲和南大洋考察队,在南设得兰群岛和比斯科群岛及其附近系列的浮游多毛类动物8种,隶5属4科,有4种是南设得兰群岛首次报告,两种为南极特有种,对每种的分类异名、形态及地理分布均有描述.