热释汞量法在山东牟平金矿成矿预测中的应用

简要介绍了汞及其化合物的地球化学性质和RG-1型热释测汞仪，以山东省牟平金矿为例，介绍了矿区地质特征，运用热释汞量法圈出了主要的控矿构造，就主要控矿地段进行了成矿预测。结果表明：热释汞量法方法简单，快速，成本低，重现性好，具有很好的应用前景。     

煤中低分子化合物生烃意义初探

从煤化学结构及成分分析发现，作为煤的成分之一的低分子化合物在煤中占有相当的比例，其成分特点及化学性质均显示出优越的生烃能力。通过进一步对煤中低分子化合物的来源及地质地球化学演化趋势分析，认为煤中低分子化合物对煤生烃能力存在重要影响，低分子化合物是重要的生烃母质之一。     

煤系高岭石有机夹层作用的实验研究

本文利用ＸＲＤ和ＩＲ研究了丙烯酰胺和脂肪酸盐与煤系高岭石的夹层作用及稳定性。通过极性有机化合物作夹带剂，成功地合成了高岭石－丙烯酰胺、高岭石－脂肪酸盐有机复合体。夹层作用完成后，层面间距从７．１８Ａ分别扩大到１１．２２Ａ和１１．３２Ａ。有机化合物能在高岭石层间形成稳定的夹层主要与夹层分子和高岭石内表面羟基形成氢键有关。     

环境有机地球化学初探

从分子有机地球化学与全球变化以及有毒有害难降解有机化合物的表生地球化学作用两个方面，探讨了环境地学与有机地球化学学科分支新领域──环境有机地球化学所研究的主要内容。文中列举了两个研究实例，一是应用分子标志物方法研究了北京、贵阳和广州三城市大气飘尘可溶有机质组成的成因；另一例是在广州市大气飘尘、水和底泥样品中鉴定出属于美国ＥＰＡ优先控制的有毒有害有机污染物，并探讨了这些毒害有机物在环境中气、液、固界面间可能存在的表生地球化学过程。     

The nature and fate of natural resins in the geosphere--VIII. NMR and Py-GC-MS characterization of soluble labdanoid polymers, isolated from Holocene class I resins

Soluble polylabdanoids isolated by sequential solvent extraction have been characterized by liquid-state ¹³C- and ¹H NMR and ¹³C-¹H HMQC (heteronuclear correlation) NMR spectroscopy in addition to solid-state NMR and Py-GC-MS techniques. Two Holocene resins originating from Santander, Colombia and Mombasa, Kenya were analyzed. Soluble polymers were isolated by extraction with a 1:1 (v/v) methylene chloride-methanol mixture following sequential extractions with methylene chloride and methanol. The molecular weight of polymer extracts was shown by GPC analyses to exceed that of non-polymeric occluded terpenoids. Py-GC-MS, solid-state ¹³C CP/MAS and ¹³C cross-polarization/depolarization NMR spectroscopy results indicated that chemical compositions of soluble polymers isolated from immature resins are highly representative of the structure of corresponding insoluble polymers, i.e. polylabdatrienes. These data provide evidence for cross-linking or cyclization of side-chain olefinic carbons during or shortly after polymerization. Generally, the characterization of soluble resin polymers by liquid-state NMR spectroscopy has proven to be an excellent means for investigating the maturation mechanism of polylabdanoid resinites, and has potential for furthering the application of Class I resinites as geothermal indicators.     

Isotopic biogeochemistry of dissolved organic nitrogen: A new technique and application

We present a new technique for isolating and isotopically characterizing dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) for non-marine waters, δ¹⁵N values for DON from lacustrine samples and data suggesting that this technique will be applicable to marine samples. Our technique involves preconcentration of DON via rotary evaporation and removal of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) via dialysis using a membrane that retains material above 100 Da. Results demonstrate quantitative removal of DIN, complete recovery of DON (95% or greater) and retention of isotopic integrity (isotope effect less than 0.4‰) for a solution containing a DON standard (tripeptide) and DIN in deionized water. Reproducibility of carbon and nitrogen isotope values and elemental concentrations is demonstrated for DOM from Chefswet Basin, Lake Superior and Grand Traverse Bay, Lake Michigan. The applicability of this technique to marine samples is suggested by demonstrating 99% removal of DIN from a sample of Gulf Stream water amended with ammonium and nitrate.     

A molecular and carbon isotope biogeochemical study of biomarkers and kerogen pyrolysates of the Kimmeridge Clay Facies: palaeoenvironmental implications

Structures and carbon isotopic compositions of biomarkers and kerogen pyrolysis products of a dolomite, a bituminous shale and an oil shale of the Kimmeridge Clay Formation (KCF) in Dorset were studied in order to gain insight into (i) the type and extent of water column anoxia and (ii) changes in the concentration and isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in the palaeowater column. The samples studied fit into the curve of increasing δ¹³C of the kerogen (δ¹³C_TOC) with increasing TOC, reported by Huc et al. (1992). Their hypothesis, that the positive correlation between TOC and δ¹³C_TOC is the result of differing degrees of organic matter (OM) mineralisation in the water column, was tested by measuring the δ¹³C values of primary production markers. These δ¹³C values were found to differ on average by only 1‰ among the samples, implying that differences in the extent of OM mineralisation cannot fully account for the 3‰ difference in δ¹³C_TOC. The extractable OM in the oil shale differs from that in the other sediments due to both differences in maturity, and differences in the planktonic community. These differences, however, are not likely to have significantly influenced δ¹³C_TOC either. All three sediments contain abundant derivatives of isorenieratene, indicating that periodically euxinia was extending into the photic zone. The sediments are rich in organic sulfur, as revealed by the abundant sulfur compounds in the pyrolysates. The prominence of C₁-C₃ alkylated thiophenes over n-alkanes and n-alkenes is most pronounced in the pyrolysate of the sediment richest in TOC. This suggests that sulfurisation of OM may have played an important role in determining the TOC-δ¹³C_TOC relationship reported by Huc et al. (1992).     

南极布兰斯菲尔德海峡表层沉积物中芳烃化合物

本文采用气相色谱和三维全扫描荧光光谱研究南极布兰斯菲尔德海峡表层沉积物的芳烃化合物组成和环数分布。沉积物中芳烃化合物包含有萘、菲和芴系化合物，其中菲系化合物含量最高，在１１％～２４％；其次为芴系物，其中硫芴量占芴系物的２４％～６１％。三维全扫描荧光分析表明，南极样的发射波长均集中于３５０～４５０ｎｍ，其中Ｔ４／Ｔ０占５８％～６７％，归因于五环以上化合物占有优势     

Speciation of Polysulfides and Zerovalent Sulfur in Sulfide-rich Water Wells in Southern and Central Israel

Zerovalent sulfur and inorganic polysulfides were determined in nine sulfide-rich water wells in central and southern Israel. Although the two locations belong to the same aquifer, they are characterized by different pH and hydrogen sulfide levels. Hydrogen sulfide in the central Israel wells ranged between 19 and 32 μM, and the pH was 7.26 ± 0.07. The southern basin is characterized by lower water circulation, lower pH (around 6.8), and higher hydrogen sulfide levels (>470 μM). Polysulfides were determined by a rapid single-phase methylation using methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (methyl triflate) reagent. The summary polysulfide concentration for S₄²⁻–S₇²⁻ species was found to be around 0.14–0.75 μM in the central region of Israel and substantially higher, 2.3–4.6 μM in the southern region. The sum of polysulfide zerovalent sulfur and colloidal sulfur was quantitatively detected by cyanide derivatization and compared to polysulfide sulfur determined by methyl triflate derivatization and to the chloroform extraction of zerovalent sulfur. A method for the determination of sulfur undersaturation level—the ratio between dissolved elemental sulfur and its equilibrium concentration in the presence of solid sulfur—based on the observed levels of the major polysulfide species is described. The observed polysulfide speciation was compared with the predicted speciation under sulfur saturation conditions taking into account the water temperature, its ionic strength, and pH. Criteria for sulfur saturation versus unsaturated conditions were established based on (1) the chain length dependence of the ratio between the observed polysulfide concentrations and their predicted value under sulfur saturated conditions, and (2) the difference between the concentration of zerovalent sulfur, as determined by cyanolysis, and the total polysulfide sulfur. According to this dual criterion five of the water wells were classified as being undersaturated with respect to sulfur, though for all the examined water wells the majority of the zerovalent sulfur was in the form of polysulfide sulfur.     

Anthropogenic Effects on Biogenic Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation

Anthropogenic emissions alter biogenic secondary organic aerosol(SOA) formation from naturally emitted volatile organic compounds(BVOCs). We review the major laboratory and field findings with regard to effects of anthropogenic pollutants(NOx, anthropogenic aerosols, SO_2, NH_3) on biogenic SOA formation. NOx participate in BVOC oxidation through changing the radical chemistry and oxidation capacity, leading to a complex SOA composition and yield sensitivity towards NOx level for different or even specific hydrocarbon precursors. Anthropogenic aerosols act as an important intermedium for gas–particle partitioning and particle-phase reactions, processes of which are influenced by the particle phase state, acidity, water content and thus associated with biogenic SOA mass accumulation. SO_2 modifies biogenic SOA formation mainly through sulfuric acid formation and accompanies new particle formation and acid-catalyzed heterogeneous reactions. Some new SO_2-involved mechanisms for organosulfate formation have also been proposed.NH_3/amines, as the most prevalent base species in the atmosphere, influence biogenic SOA composition and modify the optical properties of SOA. The response of SOA formation behavior to these anthropogenic pollutants varies among different BVOCs precursors. Investigations on anthropogenic–biogenic interactions in some areas of China that are simultaneously influenced by anthropogenic and biogenic emissions are summarized. Based on this review, some recommendations are made for a more accurate assessment of controllable biogenic SOA formation and its contribution to the total SOA budget. This study also highlights the importance of controlling anthropogenic pollutant emissions with effective pollutant mitigation policies to reduce regional and global biogenic SOA formation.