A study of transient variations in the Earth’s electromagnetic field at equatorial electrojet latitudes in western Africa (Mali and the Ivory Coast)

In the framework of the French-Ivorian participation to the IEEY, a network of 10 electromagnetic stations were installed at African longitudes. The aim of this experiment was twofold: firstly, to study the magnetic signature of the equatorial electrojet on the one hand, and secondly, to characterize the induced electric field variations on the other hand. The first results of the magnetic field investigations were presented by Doumouya and coworkers. Those of the electric field experiment will be discussed in this study. The electromagnetic experiment will be described. The analysis of the electromagnetic transient variations was conducted in accordance with the classical distinction between quiet and disturbed magnetic situations. A morphological analysis of the recordings is given, taking into consideration successively quiet and disturbed magnetic situations, with the results interpreted in terms of the characterization of external and internal sources. Particular attention was paid to the effects of the source characteristics on the induced field of internal origin, and to the bias they may consequently cause to the results of electromagnetic probing of the Earth; the source effect in electromagnetic induction studies. During quiet magnetic situations, our results demonstrated the existence of two different sources. One of these, the S_R^E source, was responsible for most of the magnetic diurnal variation and corresponded to the well-known magnetic signature of the equatorial electrojet. The other source (the S_R*^E source) was responsible for most of the electric diurnal variation, and was also likely to be an ionospheric source. Electric and magnetic diurnal variations are therefore related to different ionospheric sources, and interpreting the electric diurnal variation as induced by the magnetic field diurnal variation is not relevant. Furthermore, the magnetotelluric probing of the upper mantle at dip equator latitudes with the electromagnetic diurnal variation is consequently impossible to perform. In the case of irregular variations, the source effect related to the equatorial electrojet is also discussed. A Gaussian model of equatorial electrojet was considered, and apparent resistivities were computed for two models of stratified Earth corresponding to the average resistive structure of the two tectonic provinces crossed by the profile: a sedimentary basin and a cratonic shield. The apparent resistivity curves were found to depend significantly on both the model used and the distance to the center of the electrojet. These numerical results confirm the existence of a daytime source effect related to the equatorial electrojet. Furthermore, we show that the results account for the observed differences between daytime and night-time apparent resistivity curves. In particular, it was shown that electromagnetic probing of the Earth using the classical Cagniard-Tikhonov magnetotelluric method is impossible with daytime recordings made at dip latitude stations.     

地震前电磁辐射信息特征研究

反映电磁辐射信息的地震前异常变化很多,但都有一个震前平静－加强－平静然后发震的特征,为了更好地体现这种特征,根据十几年来河北廊坊电磁台网的观测资料,通过给不同强度段的各台日信息量赋予不同的权值,并把当日各台权值累加来反映当日内多台信息量集中的强弱,然后把上述权累加和用一种不连续积分的方法反映异常的持续时间,通过对监测范围内４次Ｍｓ≥５．０地震震例分析,发现该方法反映震前异常特征明显,短临效果很好,     

Cylindrically symmetric inhomogeneous universe with electromagnetic field in string cosmology

Cylindrically symmetric inhomogeneous string cosmological model in presence of electromagnetic field is investigated. We have assumed that F ₂₃ is the only non-vanishing component of F _ij . To get the deterministic solution, it has been assumed that the expansion (θ) in the model is proportional to the eigen value σ ¹ ₁ of the shear tensor σ ⁱ _j . The physical and geometric aspects of the model are also discussed.      

基于Atmega16的多点温湿度测控系统设计

介绍了基于Atmega16单片机为检测和控制核心,并同多个数字温度传感器DS18B20及模拟湿度传感器HS1101构成温度与湿度的测控系统.给出了系统的总体设计方案、硬件设计及软件框图.所设计的粮情测控系统具有优良的性价比,通过系统软硬件的联合调试说明,该系统可以满足对温湿度及烟雾进行实时监控的需要,具有稳定性好、精度高等特点,有一定的应用价值.     

基于TC35的远程温度监测报警系统

针对日常生活中因对温度变化的忽视引起的各种问题,提出一种对温度进行远程监测并短信通知用户的系统,以达到向用户进行温度报警的目的.系统主要由STC89C52单片机,液晶显示器1602,温度传感器DS18B20,TC35模块4大部分构成,首先通过温度传感器DS18B20采集当前环境温度,然后利用液晶显示器1602将当前温度显示出来,与此同时单片机判断当前温度值,当前温度超过温度上限值时,单片机控制GSM模块向指定手机号发送一条短信.结果显示,当温度超过设定温度时,指定手机会收到一条报警短信,提醒用户当前的温度超过了温度上限.通过与传统的温度检测系统作对比,系统能够得到较准确的温度检测值其测温误差能够控制在0.4以下,并且通过发送短信来对温度进行远程实时监测.     

物理海洋传感器现状及未来发展趋势

文中对目前我国物理海洋要素观测传感器技术发展现状进行了分析。在国家科技计划支持下,我国的物理海洋观测传感器技术取得了快速发展,但与国际上先进的传感器技术水平相比,国内具有自主知识产权的传感器仍有较大差距。随着未来海洋观测需求的不断发展,小型、轻重量、低功耗、高精度、高灵敏、智能化新型传感器必将是今后5~10年研究与开发的重点。     

海洋生态环境监测传感器的应用与发展

受人类活动的影响,海洋污染日益严重。我国海岸带、河口和海湾生态系统均受到了不同程度的破坏。海洋生态环境监测传感器的应用可实现实时海洋环境的监测和快速预警,对于预防海洋灾害、调节海洋经济发展与环境之间的矛盾有重要意义。文中归纳了海洋生态环境类传感器所应用的分析检测技术,总结了目前所研发的各类海洋生态环境传感器,预测了传感器的发展趋势,并对我国未来传感器的研究工作提出了建议。     

轨道扣件病害自动化检测研究及应用

传统扣件检查基本采用人工检查方式,不仅工作效率低、劳动强度大,而且人为干扰因素多、检查采样率低。针对以上问题,本文提出了一种基于线结构光传感器的轨道扣件损伤和松动检测方法,并开发了轨道扣件智能监测系统以实现扣件病害自动检测。最终将研究成果应用于徐州市某地铁区间轨道扣件检测,验证了该方法的可行性和准确率,为地铁轨道扣件检查提供了新方法。     

气象无线传感网观测节点的设计与实现

针对传统自动气象站对电力和通讯基础设施依赖性强,应用环境受到限制的问题,设计并实现了一种基于无线传感器网络的气象观测节点。气象观测节点的硬件系统以CC2530芯片为核心,使用锂电池供电,通过模拟和数字接口连接气象传感器,射频部分工作在2.4 GHz。软件系统以TinyOS操作系统为基础,开发了基于LEPS协议的多跳路由协议和气象传感器驱动程序。在野外环境中对气象观测节点的功耗、通信距离、传感器及组网性能进行了测试。测试结果表明,气象观测节点在没有电力和通信基础设施的环境中能够形成一个稳定的多跳自组织数据采集与传输网络,适合在高山、海岛、沙漠等艰苦地区进行部署和应用。     

太阳目标哈特曼波前探测研究

分别对Hinode光学望远镜SOT观测太阳黑子的本影和半影图像以及太阳米粒组织图像进行了空间频谱计算和相关计算,分析了太阳不同结构区域图像的时域和空域特性对哈特曼波前探测精度的影响。计算和分析结果表明,在子孔径波面倾斜小于0.25″情况下,米粒组织图像采样时间在2 min内、本影和半影采样时间在4 min内,对子孔径波面倾斜探测精度的影响极小;并且由太阳目标特性引起的哈特曼波面探测误差随波面畸变量的增大而增大。这些研究结果可为太阳望远镜哈特曼波前探测器研制和应用提供依据和参考。