电磁法在工程地质勘察中的应用

本文采用有场源电磁法勘探粤东沿海广(州)深(圳)珠(海)及深(圳)汕(头)南线等高速公路工程,勘探使用美国GDP—12及加拿大EM—37电磁数据采集系统。文章论述了时间域与频率域的多种电磁法装置在桥梁、互通、遂道及软土公路工程中的地磁物理应用前提及它们的应用环境、工作效率、勘探深度等,低阻覆盖下的地质分层及断层产状性质等问题是本文探讨要点。文中例举了多种装置的电磁异常场剖面图及其曲线形态:对磨刀门桥址西江断裂的电磁异常剖面曲线形态、特征作了构造地质解释,认为该断裂系由两条主干断层组成的蠕滑断层组。上述工程地质解释结论已作为工程勘察设计依据。有的电磁异常已被工程地震及钻探证实。     

Magnetometer array studies in India: Present status,data interpretation and assessment of numerical modelling results

Significant results from several array of magnetometers deployed in India to probe deep geoelectrical structures of the crust and the upper mantle are reviewed in this paper. Emphasis is on critical appraisal of earlier results so that the article summarizes what has been done so far and what caution is to be taken on future work. Two large-scale arrays over northwest and peninsular India during 1979–80, have been followed up with six more linear or two-dimensional arrays over different parts of the country. “Trans-Himalayan” conductor aligned along the strike of Aravalli range, delineated by arrays over northwest India, essentially represents one of the major continental induction anomalies mapped by electromagnetic methods. Efforts for quantifying the induction effects through numerical models are shown to be constrained due to the large inter-station spacing, lack of information on the regional background conductivity distribution and the non-inclusion of the frequency dependence of induction effects. A more comprehensive modelling, not biased by these factors, enables approximating the Trans-Himalayan conductor as an asymmetric domal upwarp in the middle and lower crust located between Delhi-Hardwar ridge and Moradabad fault. Numerical modelling results for southern peninsular, despite the constraints, indicate that the strong and complex induction pattern can be adequately attributed to the combination of conductors connected with triple junction between Indo-Ceylon Graben, Comorin ridge and the west coast rifting. Induction features derived from the Valsad array, operated over basalt-covered region of western India, demarcate an enhanced conducting zone beneath Plume-associated triple junction in the Gulf of Cambay, apart from characterizing the presently active seismic zone as a resistive block.     

A methodology to determine thermal conductivity of soils from flux measurement

Determination of thermal properties of soils (viz., thermal resistivity, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and heat capacity), which primarily influence heat migration through the soil mass, is essential in situations where geomaterials are relentlessly subjected to higher temperatures and temperature variations. These properties of the soil mainly depend upon its type, mineralogy, particle size and gradational characteristics, density and water content. In this context, earlier researchers have determined thermal conductivity of soils by employing a thermal probe (a line heat source), which works on the principle of transient method (TM) of heat conduction. However, this methodology cannot be employed for establishing the heat flow (read thermal regime) through the soil. Hence, development of an alternate technique, which facilitates quantification of temporal and spatial variation of the heat flux and temperature in the soil mass, becomes essential. With this in mind, a methodology to determine thermal conductivity of soils by employing the concept of thermal flux measurement (TFM) has been developed and its details are presented in this paper. Results obtained from the TM and TFM have also been critically evaluated for the sake of validation and generating more confidence in the proposed methodology.     

荧光猝灭法溶解氧传感器实验室校准方法研究

针对我国目前缺乏荧光猝灭法光学溶解氧传感器校准方法的现状,以AADI 4330F溶解氧传感器为实验对象,提出了一种适用于所有荧光猝灭法光学溶解氧传感器的实验室校准方法.该方法使用一个能够精确控制水体温度的自制校准装置,通过改变通入容器的氧气和氮气比例来控制容器内的溶解氧含量,在4个温度下分别测定至少10组水体温度值、传感器相位值和Winkler碘量法测定值数据,使用回归分析进行多项式拟合获取传感器校准系数.经过实验室验证,在校准试验温度范围内随机温度和溶解氧浓度下,使用该方法校准后传感器测定值与标准值偏差在±5 μmol/L以内,达到了仪器自身的准确度水平.本方法在校准结果准确度和温度适用范围等方面都明显优于两点校正法,表明该方法具有良好的校准效果和推广应用价值.     

温盐深测量仪(CTD)资料质量对比分析

温盐深测量仪(CTD)是目前国际上应用最为广泛的物理海洋调查仪器设备之一。2014年中国科学院海洋研究所在黄海布放的潜标上搭载了三种不同型号的CTD(37Coastal、CTD48和304Plus),本文对这三种CTD所获取的数据资料分别进行了对比分析。三者数据两两对比结果显示,37Coastal与CTD48压力以及温度数据最为接近,盐度数据则为37Coastal与304Plus相差最小。三种设备的压力、温度以及电导率数据稳定性对比结果如下, 37Coastal压力数据稳定性表现最好;其温度数据稳定性三者表现一致;而盐度数据稳定性则是37Coastal和CTD48一致。     

基于水平传感器-光纤陀螺-全站仪组合的地籍测量新方法

针对全站仪测量技术存在作业周期长、劳动强度大和受观测环境影响严重等不足,本文将光纤陀螺寻北技术、倾角测量技术应用于地籍测量中,降低了地籍测量对控制点及水平度的依赖,有效地提高了测量效率,推导了全站仪在倾斜状态下界址点测量和定向的计算公式。结合全站仪可水平旋转180°的特点,给出了光纤陀螺安装误差自补偿的操作步骤;对影响定向精度的主要误差源进行仿真分析,结果表明:光纤陀螺精度与水平传感器精度对定向精度影响较大,在光纤陀螺精度为0.05°/h情况下,当倾角测量误差为1'时,定向误差为26.51″。     

基于智慧管网的高性能通信前置系统的研究与应用

针对在智慧管网环境下,大量多元化智能终端设备或传感设备接入前置机时,如何统一入口进行海量数据的高效能通信,提出了一种可行的解决方案。依据该方案开发的智慧管网通信前置系统,可以实现多台前置机高效协同通信与负载均衡,能实时获取海量的城市管线设施传感数据,是一种通信能力可扩展的高性能通信前置系统。     

基于降水微物理特征测量仪的雨滴形状观测与分析

利用自主研制的降水微物理特征测量仪开展降水观测试验,得到了大量的雨滴图像。研究了异常雨滴图像的形成原因和处理方法,以此为基础重点研究了在极坐标下基于Akima插值的数字雨滴图像矢量化方法,得到了雨滴平均形状特征和轴比分布特征。结果表明,直径小于1 mm的雨滴以圆形为主,在1.0~3.0 mm的雨滴以椭圆形为主,大于3.0 mm的雨滴逐渐呈现顶部凸起,底部偏平的形状;雨滴的平均轴比分布与经验分布一致,相互之间差异在±0.04 mm范围以内;雨滴的平均轴比与经验模型的差值在粒径3.4~3.8 mm出现峰值,该范围内的雨滴较经验关系具有更圆的形状特性。     

声源定位算法的精度分析

针对国家靶场测量落点坐标测试手段存在局限性的问题,该文提出基于时延估计的声源定位算法,给出影响该算法定位精度的几个因素和传感器阵列的几种布站方式,并对各种布站方式的定位误差进行了仿真计算,通过仿真分析了在不同的布站方式下声波的传播速度误差和时间差测量误差对定位精度的影响。结果表明:采用声波定位技术测量落点坐标精度可满足指标要求;合理布设传感器阵列能够提高定位精度。     

脉冲激励式多路传感器接口电路

本文介绍的脉冲激励式多路传感器接口电路，在一个等幅脉冲源对多路传感器激励的同时，用一个由串行DAC和比较器组成的逐位逼近ADC。受控于87C51单片机，完成多路信道的数字化，作者已完成的12位ADC，由一个5V脉冲源激励C、T、D、pH、DO、Ref等传感器，每30s一次8路扫描。该电路简单、经济，特别适合于需要交流激励的水质传感器及水质检测。