论经济地理研究中的运输化问题

本文提出运输化是工业化的重要特征,也是伴随工业化而发生的一种经济过程,经济发展的运输化过程受一定客观规律的支配。应当重视运输化进程与生产力布局、经济空间结构改善之间的关系,把对不同区域运输化发展水平及运输化进一步走向的分析,与经济发展规划结合起来。     

长江经济带旅游效率与规模的时空演化及耦合协调

区域旅游效率和旅游规模的空间差异明显,动态把握两者时空演化特征和耦合协调关系对推动旅游高质量可持续发展具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。测度长江经济带126个市域单元2001—2018年的旅游规模,引入DEA-MI模型对旅游效率进行测算和分解,运用探索性时空数据分析方法探讨区域旅游差异和空间结构的时空动态特征,构建旅游效率与规模的耦合协调度模型,分析两者的耦合优良性和协同一致性。结果表明:① 长江经济带旅游综合效率空间差异明显,平均情况呈现东西高中间低的分布特征,年际变动呈现波动下降态势,规模效率对综合效率起支撑作用,技术效率起影响和制约作用;② 旅游效率和旅游规模局部空间结构波动幅度较小,依赖方向较为稳定,后者波动性稍强于前者,且空间依赖方向变化相似,旅游效率局部结构竞争态势强于协作,旅游规模协作整合性较强;③ 旅游规模局部空间结构较稳定,市域单元相对位置变动较困难,旅游效率局部空间结构尚不稳定,市域单元存在较大的变动可能性;④ 旅游效率与规模的整体耦合度和耦合协调度逐渐提高,具有相似的时空分异特征,局部演进存在空间异质性和波动性,耦合协调度高值区扩散范围更广、速度较缓。     

香港与珠三角产业优化合作与经济协调发展

本文分析了香港和珠三角的产业结构现状，提出了两地今后各自的产业发展路向，在此基础上，为发挥两地的整体优势，作者提出两地必须进行产业合作并得出结论：认为两地今后应发展结构性合作。香港当前应致力于制造业的升级转型，以此带动整个经济转型和多功能国际中心地位的强化；珠三角应适时向高新技术产业发展，２０１０年前应致力于工业化向成熟阶段的推进，建设成为一个高新技术产品输出基地。在此基础上，两地采取不同策略以实     

中原经济区城市相互关联的时空格局研究

运用SPSS和Arc GIS分析技术,从城市职能互补和水平联系两种关联机制入手,对中原经济区2004,2009,2014年城市之间相互关联特征展开研究。结果表明:(1)中原经济区各个城市之间职能互补性不强,且城市潜在的职能互补性不断减弱,多数城市趋于综合化发展,九大职能部门中仅采掘业表现出专业化发展的趋势,其他职能部门均趋于综合化发展;(2)水平联系格局以郑州和邯郸为中心,中原城市群城市之间的联系强度大于其他两类区域(中原城市群以外主体区和中原经济区非主体区),呈现出"中心-外围"的空间格局;(3)从经济因素、区位因素、政策因素3个方面对中原经济区城市相互关联格局的形成进行了分析。     

基于空间聚类分析的福建省各县市经济发展水平研究

将空间坐标和属性特征有机地结合起来,给出空间距离的定义,提出位置与属性一体化的空间聚类方法——基于空间距离的K-均值聚类法,利用M atlab编写其算法程序。同时以福建省各县市经济发展水平的类型划分作为研究实例,首先选取反映社会经济发展水平的8项指标,并利用G IS技术提取各县市的重心位置坐标,再利用该空间聚类算法将福建省各县市的经济发展水平聚类为5类,结果表明此算法能够综合考虑空间位置邻近性和属性特征相似性的聚类要求,对福建区域可持续发展有一定的指导意义。     

蓝色经济区海洋环境风险博弈研究

山东半岛蓝色经济区建设已成为社会广泛关注的热点。然而在经济发展的同时,经济区内海洋生态环境承受的风险也随之增加。以博弈理论为视角,通过对管理部门、企业和公众在排污与监管过程中合理行为选择的分析,提出降低蓝色经济区海洋环境风险的建议。     

Using economic geography to reinvigorate land-change science

In this paper we review the implications of neoclassical economic framings within the interdisciplinary field of land-change science. We argue that current pressing global environmental problems, such as land grabs, loss of critical carbon sinks and the increasing importance of corporate actors in land-use decision-making, necessitate a reconsideration of neoclassical conceptualizations of what the economy is, who economic actors are and how they make decisions, and how environment–economy linkages operate in a globalized world. We argue that concepts from economic geography can help land change science move beyond neoclassical framings. The first concept is that the economic (including markets, commodities, and rational decision-makers) is neither separate nor universal, but is historical and socially embedded. The second is to use these notions to understand the spatial organization of economic activity. The framework of global production networks, in particular, will help land change scientists conceptualize and represent teleconnections. Using economic geography to move beyond neoclassical economic framings will bring a fresh approach to economic change that holds much promise for invigorating land change science.     

Socio-economic and climatic changes lead to contrasting global urban vegetation trends

Urban greening can enhance quality of life by generating ecosystem services and has been proposed as a way of mitigating adverse consequences of global warming for human health. However, there is limited knowledge on global trends in urban vegetation and their relation to economic development and climate change. Here we studied 1,688 major cities worldwide and show that 70% (1,181) show an increase in vegetation derived from satellite observations (2000–2018). For 68% (1,138) of the cities studied, the increase in the urban vegetation is less strong as compared to the vegetation increase found in the surroundings of these cities. Overall, positive vegetation trends are widely observed in cities in Europe and North America, whereas negative vegetation trends in cities occur primarily in Africa, South America and Asia. Gross Domestic Product growth, population growth as well as temperature are found to be the main underlying drivers of the observed contrasts in changes in urban vegetation as compared to surrounding areas across continents. From a global synthesis of urban vegetation change, we quantify the role of social-economic development and climate change in regulating urban vegetation growth, and the contrasting imprint on cities of developed and developing countries.     

中国大陆地区生态诅咒效应的多尺度实证检验

基于生态系统服务理论界定生态福祉概念及其表征、评价方法,借鉴资源诅咒理论,提出广义生态福祉视域下的生态祝福及生态诅咒假说,结合有关年度统计数据、以中国大陆地区为例展开实证分析。结果表明：① 从人均生态福祉来看,全国范围内的绝对生态诅咒假设不成立,东、西部地区生态祝福效应显著;② 从农林牧渔产业从业人员比例来看,全国及地区层面的条件生态诅咒假设均不成立,东部地区生态祝福效应显著;③ 从农林牧渔产业产值比例来看,全国及地区层面的条件生态诅咒假设均显著成立。自然生态系统为提高区域人均生态福祉、吸纳富余劳动力就业等贡献显著,但促进地区经济社会发展还需不断降低农林牧渔产业产值在国民经济中的比例。未来,中国应当进一步实施因地制宜的生态保护措施以规避生态诅咒,并通过因时制宜的经济社会发展规划促进生态祝福效应。     

The El Niño Southern Oscillation and economic growth in the developing world

The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) affects weather around the globe, particularly in regions where developing countries typically lie. These countries are known to be most vulnerable to weather anomalies, and ENSO thereby has the potential to influence their economic growth. In this study, we investigate the effect of ENSO on economic growth in 69 developing countries, using annual data from 1961 to 2015. We find regime-dependent nonlinearity in the growth response to ENSO shocks. An El Niño event, equivalent to a 1 °C deviation in sea surface temperatures in the Niño3.4 region of the equatorial Pacific, results in one-to-two percent annual growth reduction during the El Niño regime, but the effect is absent during the La Niña regime. In addition, we find that the effect of El Niño is twice-as-large in the tropics relative to temperate areas, and particularly pronounced in Africa and Asia-Pacific. The findings of this study have two important implications. From the modeling standpoint, we find that the growth impacts of ENSO shocks are nonlinear, and vary across regions and climatic zones. From the policy-making standpoint, our findings suggest opportunities for short-term adjustments to climate shock management and international aid programs, depending on the existing state and the intermediate-term patterns of the ENSO cycle.