淮海经济区生态系统服务价值演变与安全格局优化（英文）

土地利用变化引起的生态环境效应受到全球关注。作为淮河生态经济带核心组成的淮海经济区,其土地利用、生态安全与区域经济发展发生着互馈演变。基于Google Earth Engine (GEE)提取多期土地利用数据,借助生态系统服务价值（ESV）评估以及最小累计阻力模型（MCR）,探讨了1998–2018年淮海经济区的ESV演变的时空分异特征,优化了区域生态安全格局（ESP）。研究表明：ESV强度存在明显的空间分异,呈东北高、西南低的特征。中值ESV区面积比重最大,高、低值ESV区的占比较小。ESV呈现等级下降与升高并存的时空分异特征。从发展时段看,ESV等级变化呈现向好趋势。生态安全格局优化中,优化识别重要生态源地26个,主要景观生态廊道22条、生态战略节点65个,中水平生态安全区占比最大。ESV和ESP发生变化的主要原因与当地自然资源的变化和政府保护政策的改变与调整密切相关。研究结果可为跨省区的国土空间保护、制定可持续发展战略提供参考。     

长江经济带地区岩石圈热流变结构和深部动力学

通过Crust 2.0模型构建有限元三维数值模型,以地表观测温度、深部反演温度和地表热流作为约束,计算了长江经济带地区岩石圈温度结构;在温度结构的基础上,通过GPS观测数据得到的地表应变率和选取代表性岩石物性,计算了长江经济带岩石圈流变强度和等效粘滞性系数。结果表明:长江经济带地区岩石圈表现出明显的横向不均匀性,其中四川盆地表现为低温、高强度和高粘滞性的特征,相同深度,四川盆地核心区比周围地块的温度低100~300℃,强度和粘滞性分别比周缘高1~2个数量级;在温度、强度和粘滞性的过渡地带构造活动性比较强烈。结合深部地球物理观测综合分析认为,长江经济带东、西部分别受到太平洋板块深俯冲和印度-欧亚大陆板块碰撞的影响,其深部影响范围分别达到四川盆地的东、西边界,深部动力学过程可能导致了岩石圈的横向不均匀性。      

关于意愿调查价值评估法在我国环境领域应用的可行性探讨——以北京市居民支付意愿研究为例

从意愿调查价值评估法的优越性和局限性出发，以在北京市进行的关于市民为改善大气环境质量的支付意愿的调查研究为例，详细分析了调查方法和结果。通过对结果的评价，探讨了意愿调查价值评估法在我国进行环境物品价值评估实践中的可行性，得出了这一方法在我国具有推广前景的结论。最后对意愿调查价值评估法今后在我国实践中的应用提出了几点建议。     

河南省区域经济发展差异及其时空格局研究

河南省是我国第一人口大省。 80年代以来 ,经济迅速发展 ,总量水平在全国的位次不断上升 ,但区域经济差异也发生了显著变化。本文以计量统计分析为基础 ,探讨了河南省区域经济差异变化的时间特征、区域经济差异的空间格局及其变化过程 ,分析了区域经济发展与区域环境条件之间的关系 ,提出了调控河南省区域经济差异的政策建议。     

漳江口红树林国家级自然保护区海产品产量产值研究

2006年全年对福建漳江口红树林国家级自然保护区红树林主要分布地竹塔村辖区内的海产品类型、产量和价格进行了逐日统计。结果表明:2006年竹塔村滩涂海产品总产量为529956kg(1589.9kg/hm2),远高于一般的红树林。其中缢蛏苗和缢蛏成品的产量最高,分别为312468kg(937.4kg/hm2)和123376kg(370.1kg/hm2),占总产量的59.0%和23.3%。泥蚶、锯缘青蟹成品和泥螺分别占总产量的12.2%、2.3%和2.0%。缢蛏苗以冬季(1月和12月)的产量最高;锯缘青蟹苗年产量为2.59尾/m2,高峰期出现在6月至11月。2006年竹塔村红树林滩涂海产品总产值为1388.0万元(4.17万元/hm2)。研究结果可为红树林生态系统服务功能的评价和红树林的科学管理提供基础数据。     

中国海岛县经济类型划分的研究

对我国１２个海岛县经济类型划分的研究,了解目前海岛县所处不同的经济结构演进阶段,为因岛制宜布局海岛的产业及经济发展过程中产业结构调整提供科学依据。采用海岛县三次产业结构的重心轨迹的变化,动态和定量的分析海岛县三次产业结构的演进过程,从而划分出海岛县经济类型。     

Spatialising the Melanesian Canarium industry: Understanding economic upgrading in an emerging industry among three Pacific small island states

This paper examines economic upgrading in the Canarium indicum (Canarium) nut industry in Vanuatu, the Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea. Canarium is a tree that is indigenous to Melanesia, and has been the subject of several commercialisation attempts since 1988. The paper assesses the outcomes to various actors in the Canarium supply chain from attempts to upgrade industry products and processes by: (1) increasing the available resource in suitable locations; (2) improving nut products and processing techniques; (3) increasing actors’ knowledge and supply chain coordination; and (4) establishing product standards. A two-phase data generation process was implemented. Document analysis and participant observations of industry workshops initiated a set of four economic upgrading interventions that were adaptively implemented. A second stage of workshops and 76 interviews enabled outcomes to be assessed at the project’s end. Findings suggest that a small number of urban-based entrepreneurs benefit and subsequently are lead actors in industry development, but at the expense of benefits being distributed to a larger, more spatially disparate group of smallholder and small commercial growers. These economic upgrading outcomes are circumscribed by core-periphery relations in Pacific small island states and the scale of industry in each country. Thus, spatial inequalities are reproduced through the emerging Canarium industries. We argue that different routes to industry development are required in each country. Development initiatives that capitalise on the benefits of micro-enterprise clusters, joint action and regional institutional arrangements are proposed to overcome the impediments imposed by the particular geographies of Pacific island states.     

我国重要矿产资源战略性评价

重要矿产资源尤其是战略性矿产的安全保障历来是世界各国关注的重点之一。关于战略性矿产的研究,欧美等发达国家和地区已经建立了一套比较成熟的理论和方法,并不定期更新战略性矿产目录。而我国对于战略性矿产的研究相对较晚,尚未形成统一的内涵意义、评价体系和方法。为此,本文在重新界定战略性矿产内涵基础上构建供应风险-经济价值二维评价体系,运用定性和定量相结合的评价方法综合评价我国主要矿产资源的战略性。     

Public views on economic growth,the environment and prosperity: Results of a questionnaire survey

The long-standing academic and public debate on economic growth, prosperity and environmental sustainability has recently gained new momentum. It lacks, however, a broad perspective on public opinion. Prior opinion surveys typically offered a simple dichotomous choice between growth and environmental protection. This study examines public beliefs and attitudes about a wider range of aspects of the growth debate. To this end, we conducted an online questionnaire survey including a country-wide, representative sample of 1008 Spanish citizens. Using factor analysis, we identify six distinct dimensions of public attitudes, referred to as: prosperity with growth; environmental limits to growth; general optimism; wrong priority; overrated GDP; and governmental control. We further analyze several specific questions associated with the growth debate, such as those concerning the desired GDP growth rate, the preferred growth-environment position, and beliefs about, as well as reasons for, a possible end or continuation of growth. We find that most respondents favor GDP growth rates of more than 3%. A majority views growth and environmental sustainability as compatible (green growth), while about one-third prefers either ignoring growth as a policy aim (agrowth), or stopping it altogether (degrowth). Only very few people want growth unconditionally (growth-at-all-costs). About one-third of the respondents believe that growth may be never-ending. We examine how support for or disagreement with different statements on growth are related to each other, as well as how they are influenced by socio-demographic, knowledge and ideology/values variables. Overall, our findings can inform public debates about the growth paradigm and its potential alternatives by providing a more nuanced understanding of public opinion. We make suggestions for future research, including modifying poll questions on growth and environment through offering a more diverse set of response options.     

The Economic Contributions of Agricultural Tourism in Michigan

Family farms have long generated income from agricultural tourism including U‐picks, wagon rides, corn mazes and petting zoos, but contemporary agricultural tourism reflects much greater sophistication in terms of product variety, services, activities, and marketing. In Michigan, farm operators have moved beyond classic products and activities and the traditional consumer base. New sources of revenue derive from classes on beer, cider, mead and wine making, yarn spinning, perfume/soap‐making, farm markets, fishing, educational classes, school tours and hospitality including weddings and on‐farm restaurants. This case study of Michigan agricultural tourism reports results from a systematic survey of 154 agritourism operations conducted throughout the state during summer and fall of 2013 with a focus on the economic benefits of the fast‐changing sector. This study summarizes tax revenues, sales and employment trends for the farm operations participating in the survey but also quantitatively assesses the contribution of agricultural tourism to Michigan's economy through an extrapolation of the sample to estimate state‐wide totals. Results from OLS multivariate regression analysis intended to identify relationships between employment, advertising and scale to gross sales per day are also reported. These analyses show the importance of agricultural tourism to rural and peri‐urban places in Michigan and throughout the nation, while raising concerns about a growing division between large and small operators and what this growing gap may mean for the future of the sector.