我国环境生态形势研究的一种方法

在分析国内外环境生态形势研究现状的基础上,结合我国的环境生态形势特征,综合自然、社会、经济因素,构建了评价我国环境生态形势的指标体系,建立各指标计算的数学模型,在地理信息系统和数据库管理系统支持下以全国县域为单元进行多因素综合性定量研究,采用指标权重的地域计算方法来反映区域差异,得出了全国各县的环境生态形势指标值,并绘制出我国环境生态形势图。     

我国硫酸钾工业的现状及未来发展展望

通过对硫酸钾工业赖于存在的钾盐资源概况、产业现状、国内外钾肥市场的发展变化、以及主要生产工艺技术研究进展的分析 ,指出了硫酸钾工业目前存在的问题 ,并进一步揭示硫酸钾工业未来发展的趋势。     

日本的地基测定与强震动的研究状况

本文从地基测定及其发展、强震观测及其研究状况、强震观测研究成果的应用、地基强震动的预测等,综述日本的地基测定与强震动的研究状况。指出地基与强震动研究的重要意义。今后以城市为中心进行土地利用越高度化、复杂化,建筑结构物变得更加多样化和高水平化,以及更害怕强震动,就更需要作好地基测定与强震动的研究工作。     

新疆与中亚国家贸易现状及对策研究

文章分析了新疆与中亚国家贸易的现状，论述了新疆在制定对中亚国家贸易对策时应充分考虑的前提因素。并指出了新疆与中亚国家的贸易对策。     

Satellite monitoring of spatio-temporal dynamics of China’s coastal zone eco-environments: preliminary analysis on the relationship between the environment,climate change and human behavior

In this paper, temporal dynamics of eco-environmental changes in coastal areas of China during 1981–2000 are investigated based on four key surface parameters including normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), thermal index, moisture index and surface broadband albedo derived from quantitative remote sensing techniques and meteorological data. Firstly, land surface temperature (LST) and land surface broadband albedo are retrieved by the split-window algorithms and high-order polynomial regression method, respectively, using NOAA/AVHRR series images. Then, moisture index and thermal index, indicators of climate and moisture conditions in the study area, are computed from meteorological data and LST using principal component analysis (PCA). Finally, long-term dynamics of these eco-environmental factors and the reasons responsible for these changes are analyzed further. The results show that during the years from 1981 to 2000, the study area experienced a gradual increase in annual NDVI and climate factors and a decrease in surface annual broadband albedo, which indicates that the coastal thermal and moisture conditions and the subsistence conditions of natural vegetation have changed to a considerable extent. According to the results, a warming and wetting tendency over the last two decades is obvious in the China’s coastal zone that are mainly due to land use changes as of growing urbanization, exhaust emissions from industries and transportations and, partly global climate change. Uncontrolled rapid development of the study area may be blamed for these negative changes as a major driving force. The positive feedback mechanisms between albedo, NDVI and climate factors also partly explain these changes. This study suggests that the method integrating biophysical parameters retrieved from remote sensed images and meteorologic data provides a novel and feasible way to monitor large scale eco-environmental changes.

核磁共振找水技术的研究现状与发展趋势

近20多年来,用核磁共振(Nuclear Magnetic Resonance,NMR)方法形成的一种直接非侵害性的探测地下水的地球物理新技术,与传统的地球物理探测地下水的方法相比具有高分辨力、高效率、信息量丰富和解的唯一性等优点,是一种很有发展前景的找水方法技术.我国的水资源短缺,对地下水资源的勘探、开发与利用十分重视,已将核磁共振找水技术研究列入国家十一五科技支撑计划.本文在广泛收集迄今为止的国内外大量资料的基础上,并根据作者近年来有关核磁共振找水技术的研究经历,综述了核磁共振找水技术的发展历史、现状和发展趋势,以推进我国核磁共振找水技术的发展.     

Eco-environmental effects of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau uplift during the Quaternary in China

 The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau uplifted >3000 m in the Quaternary period. The average rate of uplift was 1–1.1 mm/year. The uplifting has remolded the geomorphology of China. The landform in China was changed from west-low and east-high to west-high and east-low in three steps. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau uplift is an important factor that affected the climate and the environment of China in the Quaternary period. It controls atmospheric circulation and climatic change in Asia and even the northern hemisphere, by dividing the westerlies into two branches: south and north. The plateau gradually became a heat source in summer and a cold source in winter. The uplift had a decisive effect on the formation of the East-Asia monsoon, which increased the climatic differences between the glacial period and the interglacial period. The climate and environment of China are characterized by the influences of the plateau uplift. The east of China became the south-east monsoon area, whereas the south-west became the south-west monsoon area and the north-west turned into an arid inland region. The Gobi and large-scale deserts that formed in the inland basins are ceaselessly extending. The climate of northern China became more arid as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau continued to uplift. The Plateau uplift affected glacial evolvement and loess formation, and propelled the migration of cold- and warm-blooded animals, which differed from other regions of the world at the same latitude. Received: 30 August 1999 · Accepted: 18 April 2000     

忻州市2002年6月7日至9日强降水过程简析

忻州市2002年6月8日至9日全市普降大雨，部分县市出现暴雨。从高空、地面天气图分析了有利于这次降水的天气形势及影响系统，并探讨了实况物理量场及要素变化与降水的对应关系，验证了HLAFS数值预报产品的某些物理量值与这次降水的对应关系。     

我国土工离心模型试验技术发展综述

小尺寸物理模型试验是岩土力学与岩土工程研究的重要手段.常规小比尺模型由于其自重产生的应力远低于原型,以及原型材料明显的非线性,因而不能再现原型的特性.解决这一问题的唯一途径是提高模型的自重,使之与原型等效.提高模型的自重应力水平、增大材料自重的最简便的方法就是用离心机.本文在总结回顾大量文献资料的基础上,根据离心模型试...     

江苏省矿山地质环境调查研究工作现状及其展望

回顾了以往江苏省矿山地质环境调查研究工作现状及工作成就，剖析了我省矿山地质环境调查研究工作存在的问题。在此基础上，提出了江苏省矿山地质环境调查研究工作的目标与方向，部署全省矿山地质环境重点研究领域的工作，为江苏生态省建设和矿山环境保护提出了建设性意见。