深海柱样粒度分维特征及其古海洋学意义

对南海69柱样粒度数据分析表明,晚更新世以来,粒度在0,2～11um的标度范围内具有分形特征,粒度分维值为1．72～2．02,平均1．84。与同期亚北极B2-9柱地层对比,69柱粒度分维值明显比B2—9柱的高,B2—9柱的粒度在0,2～16um标度范围内具有分形特征,粒度分维值为1.74～1．79,平均1．77。同一柱样不同时期粒度分维值明显不同,南海69柱氧同位素1期(冰后期)为1．88,氧同位素2期(冰期)为1．81,温暖的冰后期粒度分维值高且变化幅度大,寒冷的冰期粒度分维值低且变化幅度小,表明粒度分维值对沉积物的形成环境演化具有良好的指示意义。     

吉林省东部资源型县域经济与生态环境协调发展分析——以汪清县为例

以吉林省汪清县为研究区域,选取社会经济与生态环境评价指标,建立评价标准与模型,对汪清县社会经济与生态环境的协调度进行了分析和评价。结果表明：汪清县生态环境与社会经济协调度值逐年增加,自2000年初级协调到2002年中级协调的变化,说明社会经济与生态环境基本上同步发展;汪清县社会经济与生态环境是一种低水平的中级协调,且2000～2002年3年间,其协调亚类均为环境滞后型,这与其社会经济发展水平不高、人口少、环境容量大相对应;吉林省东部资源型县域经济可利用其生态环境背景好、自然资源丰富的条件,调整产业结构,发展绿色产业,实现社会经济与生态环境的协调发展。     

吉黑东部花岗岩类中副矿物锆石、磷灰石、榍石的初步研究

吉黑东部花岗岩中副矿物种类繁多,特别是锆石、磷灰石、榍石广泛分布.它们在不同成因类型花岗岩中有些标型特征彼此有别,如锆石的颜色、晶形和群型特征,磷灰石的两种晶形REE分布模式及SrI值和榍石的不同世代、成因等,这些均有助于查明不同成因花岗岩的形成条件.因此,可以利用锆石、磷灰石、榍石的标型特征作为判别和划分花岗岩成因的辅助标志.     

南海西南次海盆与东部次海盆地质与地球物理分析

在对南海西南次海盆和东部次海盆的地质和地球物理特征分析和对比的基础上,提出了南海东部次海盆的地球物理场异常和地质构造均呈EW向分布,而西南次海盆则表现为NE向分布。并利用插值切割法对南海深海盆的磁力异常场进行了分析处理,提出了其显示的地球动力学过程的差异,并对南海西南次海盆和东部次海盆的演化史进行了探讨：东部次海盆是在晚渐新世－早中新世通过SN向的海底扩张形成的,而西南次海盆是在中始新世至早渐新世通过NE向的大陆边缘裂谷作用形成的。     

Study of solute sources and evolution of hydrogeochemical processes of the Chhota Shigri Glacier meltwaters,Himachal Himalaya,India

Abstract

This study was carried out from 2003 to 2007 to understand the hydrogeochemical processes and the solute sources of the meltwaters of the Chhota Shigri Glacier, Himalaya. The meltwater is almost neutral to slightly alkaline in nature: bicarbonate and sulphate are the dominant anions, while calcium and magnesium are the dominant cations. Bicarbonate is found to be derived from carbonate weathering and partly from silicate weathering. Rock weathering followed by precipitation are the main controlling factors that influence the meltwater chemistry of this region. The relatively high values of pCO₂ reflect a higher rate of solubility in comparison to release of excess CO₂ gas to the atmosphere. The presence of active hydrogeochemical processes and sediment–water interaction results in excess solute transport through the meltwater to the Chandra River that feeds the Chenab, one of the great Himalayan river systems, and ultimately flows into the ocean. This study is the first of its kind to understand in detail the hydrogeochemical process and resultant solute load transport in this Himalayan glacier.

Citation Sharma, P., Ramanathan, A.L., and Pottakkal, J., 2013. Study of solute sources and evolution of hydrogeochemical processes of the Chhota Shigri Glacier meltwaters, Himachal Himalaya, India. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 58 (5), 1128–1143.

Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz     

An insight into the dynamics of Lake Nainital (Kumaun Himalaya,India) using stable isotope data / Un aperçu de la dynamique du Lac Nainital (Himalaya Kumaun,Inde) à partir de données isotopiques stables

Abstract

Abstract The water balance of Lake Nainital in the Kumaun Himalaya, India was previously computed using water budgeting and other indirect methods. An important data set of stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopic composition of water sources of the lake region was also presented and used to verify the annual estimates of subsurface flow/water balance. In the present study, the same data set has been used to investigate the dynamics of this lake in terms of the seasonal processes operative during the annual hydrological cycle: increased inflow during the monsoon, delayed groundwater inflow, and stratification and mixing of water. Based on the available data, a simple two-box model was used to constrain the values of exchange coefficients between the hypolimnion and epilimnion layers and to estimate evaporation and outflow components from the isotopic data.     

Microthermometric and O‐ and H‐isotope characteristics of the mineralizing fluid in the Akgüney copper–lead–zinc deposit,NE Turkey

We use updated rotations within the Pacific-Antarctica-Africa-North America plate circuit to calculate Pacific-North America plate reconstructions for times since chron 13 (33 Ma). The direction of motion of the Pacific plate relative to stable North America was fairly steady between chrons 13 and 4, and then changed and moved in a more northerly direction from chron 4 to the present (8 Ma to the present). No Pliocene changes in Pacific-North America plate motion are resolvable in these data, suggesting that Pliocene changes in deformation style along the boundary were not driven by changes in plate motion. However, the chron 4 change in Pacific-North America plate motion appears to correlate very closely to a change in direction of extension documented between the Sierra Nevada and the Colorado Plateau. Our best solution for the displacement with respect to stable North America of a point on the Pacific plate that is now near the Mendocino triple junction is that from 30 to 12 Ma the point was displaced along an azimuth of ～N60°W at rate of ～33 mm/yr; from 12 Ma to about 8 Ma the azimuth of displacement was about the same as previously, but the rate was faster (～52 mm/yr); and since 8 Ma the point was displaced along an azimuth of N37°W at a rate of ～52 mm/yr.

We compare plate-circuit reconstructions of the edge of the Pacific plate to continental deformation reconstructions of North American tectonic elements across the Basin and Range province and elsewhere in order to evaluate the relationship of this deformation to the plate motions. The oceanic displacements correspond remarkably well to the continental reconstructions where deformations of the latter have been quantified along a path across the Colorado Plateau and central California. They also supply strong constraints for the deformation budgets of regions to the north and south, in Cascadia and northern Mexico, respectively.

We examine slab-window formation and evolution in a detailed re-analysis of the spreading geometry of the post-Farallon microplates, from 28 to 19 Ma. Development of the slab window seems linked to early Miocene volcanism and deformation in the Mojave Desert, although detailed correlations await clarification of early Miocene reconstructions of the Tehachapi Mountains. We then trace the post-20 Ma motion of the Mendocino slab window edge beneath the Sierran-Great Valley block and find that it drifted steadily north, then stalled just north of Sutter Buttes at ～4 Ma.     

Petrogenesis and mineralization of the Hulu Ni-Cu sulphide deposit in Xinjiang,NW China: constraints from Sr-Nd isotopic and PGE compositions

The Permian Hulu intrusion is one of several sulphide-bearing Permian mafic–ultramafic intrusions in the eastern part of the eastern Tianshan located at the southern margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) in Xinjiang, NW China. The intrusion is composed of lherzolite, olivine websterite, gabbro, and gabbro-diorite. Disseminated and net-textured Ni-Cu sulphide ores are located at the bottom of the lopolith complex. Negative Zr, Hf, Nb, and Ta anomalies, whole-rock εNd(t) values of +5.7 to +8.8, and variable (Th/Nb)_PM values (from 1.06 to 8.13) suggest that the source of the Hulu complexes is depleted mantle metasomatized by subducted slab-derived fluid and/or melt (~5% global subducted sediment and 15% slab fluid) that has experienced approximately 3% lower crustal and 10% upper crustal contamination. The Hulu intrusion is characterized by low PGE abundances i.e. 0.03–1.08 ppb Ir, 0.04–0.69 ppb Ru, 0.02–2.15 ppb Rh, 0.30–48.71 ppb Pt, and 0.21–344 ppb Pd. Our calculations indicate that if the Pd, Os, Ir, and Cu contents of the primary magma were 2.1 ppb, 0.03 ppb, 0.05 ppb, and 200 ppm, respectively, a variable R-factor between 200 and 1600 with residual magma that had experienced 0.01% early-sulphide segregation can explain the variation in Pd, Os, and Ir contents of sulphide-poor and disseminated sulphide samples of the Hulu deposit. Basaltic magma fractionation and assimilation and/or contamination of sulphur-bearing crustal materials might have triggered sulphur saturation to form Cu-Ni sulphide ores. Tarim basaltic PGE contents cannot be used as the mineralized parent magma for the Hulu intrusion because of the differing evolutionary trends of the Ni/Pd and Cu/Ir values. However, similar Cu/Ni and Pd/Ir values in Tarim basalts and Hulu Cu-Ni sulphide ores, as well as the same early sulphide segregation process, show that certain genetic relationships between them and magma sources are probably similar to each other.     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987111001125

<正>Greenstone belts of the eastern Dharwar Craton,India are reinterpreted as composite tectonostratigraphic terranes of accreted plume-derived and convergent margin-derived magmatic sequences based on new high-precision elemental data.The former are dominated by a komatiile plus Mg-tholeiitic basalt volcanic association,with deep water siliciclastic and banded iron formation(BIF) sedimentary rocks.Plumes melted at90 km under thin rifted continental lithosphere to preserve inlraoceanic and continental margin aspects.Associated alkaline basalts record subduction-recycling of Mesoarchean oceanic crust,incubated in the asthenosphere.and erupted coevally with Mg basalts from a heterogeneous mantle plume.Together.komaliites-Mg basalts-alkaline basalts plot along the Phanerozoic mantle array in Th/Yb versus Nb/Yb coordinate space,representing zoned plumes,establishing that these reservoirs were present in the Neoarchean mantle. Convergent margin magmatic associations are dominated by tholeiitic to calc-alkaline basalts eompositionally similar to recent intraoceanic arcs.As well,boninitic flows sourced in extremely depleted mantle are present,and the association of arc basalts with Mg-andesites-Nb enriched basalts-adakites documented from Cenozoic arcs characterized by subduction of young(20 Ma),hot,oceanic lithosphere. Consequently.Cenozoic style "hot" subduction was operating in the Neoarchean.These diverse volcanic associations were assembled to give composite terranes in a subduction-accretion orogen at～2.1 Ga,coevally with a global accretionary orogen at ~2.7 Ga,and associated orogenic gold mineralization. Archean lithospheric mantle,distinctive in being thick,refractory,and buoyant,formed complementary to the accreted plume and convergent margin terranes.as migrating arcs captured thick plumeplateaus. and the refractory,low density.residue of plume melting coupled with accreted imbricated plume-arc crust.     

东天山卡瓦布拉克前寒武纪地块填图方法思考——以大黑山幅1:25万区调为例

东天山卡瓦布拉克地区前寒武纪地块为古克拉通构造区,物质构成非常复杂。以大陆层圈构造为理论基础,运用形变地层学和变质构造解析方法为主的岩石地层调查方法,在东天山大黑山地区的1:25万区调中重新选择技术路线和工作方法,提高了区内中深变质岩系研究程度及构造-岩石地层单位划分和填图精度。