The theory of the nutation for the rigid earth model at the second order

We perform a complete reconstruction of the series of the nutation for a rigid Earth model with the use of the very accurate theories ELP2000 and VSOP82 for the motion of the Moon and the planets respectively, in such a way that all the individual contributions up to 0.005 mas should be taken. This implies the introduction of the planetary effects, of the influence of second-order parts of the potential of the Earth (J3, triaxiality), and some improvements due to an extension of the theory at the second order. All this increase notably the number of coefficients to be taken in account, and modifies also in a significant way the value of some of them.     

Modelling and predicting the spatial dispersion of skin cancer considering environmental and socio-economic factors using a digital earth approach

ABSTRACT

Almost all causative factors of diseases depend on location. The Digital Earth approach is suitable for studying diseases globally. Geospatial information systems integrated with statistical models can be used to model the relationship between a disease and its causative factors. Through modelling, the most important causative factors can be extracted and the epidemiology of the disease can be observed. In this paper, skin cancer (the most common type of cancer) has been modelled based on its causative factors, including climate factors, people's occupations, nutrition habits, socio-economic factors, and usage of chemical fertiliser. To fit the model, a data framework was first designed, and then data were gathered and processed. Finally, the disease was modelled using Generalised Linear Models (GLM), a statistical model based on the location of the factors. The results of this study identify the most important causative factors together with their relative priority. Furthermore, a model was used to predict the change in skin cancer occurrences caused by a change in one of its causative factors. This work illustrates the ability of the model to predict disease occurrence. Thus, by using this Digital Earth approach, skincancer can be studied in all the key countries around the world.     

由地球自转的年际变化预测El Nino事件

分析了地球自转、大气角动量和太阳黑子相对数的年际变化与Ｅｌ Ｎｉｏ的关系。结果表明：当地球自转速率的年际变化由快向慢转变,即表示年际变化的△ＬＯＤ１的数值由极小逐渐增加并转变为正值约半年后,Ｅｌ Ｎｉｏ的初期开始出现。此期间大气角动量的年际变化也呈现从小到大的过程。通过分析新的地球自转变化测值,预测２００１年将出现Ｅｌ Ｎｉｏ。结果还表明Ｅｌ Ｎｉｏ可能与太阳活动有一定的关系。     

Rivers, chemical weathering and Earth's climate

We detail the results of recent studies describing and quantifying the large-scale chemical weathering of the main types of continental silicate rocks: granites and basalts. These studies aim at establishing chemical weathering laws for these two lithologies, describing the dependence of chemical weathering on environmental parameters, such as climate and mechanical erosion. As shown within this contribution, such mathematical laws are of primary importance for numerical models calculating the evolution of the partial pressure of atmospheric CO₂ and the Earth climate at geological timescales. The major results can be summarized as follow: (1) weathering of continental basaltic lithologies accounts for about 30% of the total consumption of atmospheric CO₂ through weathering of continental silicate rocks. This is related to their high weatherability (about eight times greater than the granite weatherability); (2) a simple weathering law has been established for basaltic lithologies, giving the consumption of atmospheric CO₂ as a function of regional continental runoff, and mean annual regional temperature; (3) no such simple weathering law can be proposed for granitic lithologies, since the effect of temperature can only be identified for regions displaying high continental runoff; (4) a general law relating mechanical erosion and chemical weathering has been validated on small and large catchments. The consequences of these major advances on the climatic evolution of the Earth are discussed. Particularly, the impacts of the onset of the Deccan trapps and the Himalayan orogeny on the global carbon cycle are reinvestigated. To cite this article: B. Dupré et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

地球排气作用——建立整体地球科学的一条统纲

通过研究发现 ,现在可以用地球排气作用作为一条统纲 ,把原来分散的地球科学各个分支学科和谐地串联成为一个整体地球科学巨系统。地球排气的实质是幔汁 (HACONS超临界态流体 )从深部自发向上、向外的辐射排放 ,结果形成了地球内外的 5个气圈和气体地球动力学 ,幔汁上涌后通过碱交代作用产生蚀变和岩浆并促使原来为固体的上地幔、地壳发生溃变 ,在地球的 3个基本动力 ,即重力、地球自转变速、圈层旋转差速和天体 (主要是月球 )潮汐力联合作用的大前提下诱发出大地构造运动、地球演化和自然灾害。没有幔汁活动就没有壳幔运动。笔者初步认为 ,对现有流行的众多理论和结论都需要重新加以怀疑和再审鉴。否则 ,地球科学难以向前发展。我们今后不仅需要单科的或局域的岩石学家、地球化学家、大地构造学家、气象学家、海洋学家等 ,另外还需要有一大批整体地球科学家。     

对流电场产生电离层扰动的典型事例

用欧空局ＥＩＳＣＡＴ极光区非相干散射雷达观测资料、南极中山站电离层垂测站和我国１２０°Ｅ电离层站链ｆ０Ｆ２资料，分析了１９９１年５月２～３日一次主要由磁层对流引起的电离层扰动过程。从形态特征上看，它与热层中性大气参与的动力耦合过程明显地不同。对照比较表明，这是一次典型的磁层－电离层电动耦合事例。全球地磁站网资料从另一侧面证实，本文讨论的耦合机制是正确的。     

由PREM地球模型计算的洛夫数

本文选取迄今为止最完善的地球模型ＰＲＥＭ,利用它所定义的地球内部基本间断面及所给物质密度的弹性等参数分布,通过求解弹性地幔运动方程,得到形变位移矢量,由此计算出二阶洛夫数。本文的理论值与观测结果符合良好。     

增强型道格拉斯—普克压缩算法的设计与实现

本文首先论述了经典的道格拉斯—普克压缩算法，分析将其应用于多边形边界数据压缩所造成的图形失真现象，提出了一种增强型道格拉斯—普克压缩算法，并用实际的MapInfo矢量数据来检核该算法的可靠性。     

东亚大陆地震的地球自转动力观测资料分析

东亚大陆大地震的活动带走向、活动方式、震源主压应力方向、总迁移方向,沿纬度的分布和发震频度随时间的变化,均与地球自转速率变化有成因联系。本文从地球自转加速、减速、匀速的变化趋势进行这方面的观测资料分析,证明地球速率变化是东亚大陆地震的基本动力来源     

人工触发闪电与降雨倾泻

根据人工触发阀电后雨量猛增的观测事实，利用一个简单的静电模式计算了闪道附近雨滴的重力碰并增长，结果指出，闪电后降雨猛增必须满足一定的条件，除了要求较高的离子浓度（〉１０＾１４／ｍ＾３）外，还取决于闪电所引起的电场变化和闪电被触发后闪道附近环境电场强度的特性。