四川草原MODIS数据的产草量估算

四川草原是我国5大牧区之一,其可利用的天然草地占全省草原总面积的85%,准确掌握草原产草量信息对草原管理和当地经济发展具有重要意义。本研究利用2011年7月MODIS不同分辨率(250m、500m、1km)NDVI、EVI产品和同期地面调查数据(共181个采样点),对四川草原4种主要草地类型(即高寒草甸草地、高寒灌木草地、高寒沼泽草地和山地疏林草地)产草量鲜重分类型建立估产模型。研究发现,NDVI对该地区4种主要草地类型产草量的拟合效果普遍优于EVI;相对于500m和1km的遥感数据,250m的遥感数据拟合效果较好;分草地类型建立模型的效果优于对全体样本建立模型;该地区除高寒沼泽草地用幂函数模型拟合效果较好外,其余均用指数模型进行建模效果较好;对该地区各草地类型建立的最优估产模型,精度均在70%以上,回归判定系数R2在0.75以上;利用最优模型对2011年四川省草原进行估产,总体估产精度约为90%。     

基于EVI指数的DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据去饱和方法

DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据被广泛应用于表征人类活动强度及其生态环境影响的诸多研究中,但因OLS传感器设计的局限,在用电强度较高的城市中心,灯光信号存在明显的饱和,这一不足可能影响到一些基于夜间灯光数据研究成果的可靠性。针对这一问题,NOAA-NGDC研发了辐射定标算法,但因缺乏星上定标系统,算法较为复杂,且受较多条件限制等原因,目前只有部分时期的辐射定标数据产品（RCNTL）。近期有学者提出一种基于植被指数NDVI构建的城市灯光指数VANUI,为灯光数据去饱和研究提供了一个操作简单且结果良好的方法,但该方法在一些城市效果不佳。基于此,本文综合利用夜间灯光与EVI指数信息,通过对VANUI指数构建方法进行改进,建立了一个新的缓解夜间灯光强度饱和的EANTLI指数。为了评价指数的效果,将EANTLI与VANUI从三个方面进行比较：① 区分、识别饱和区内地物的能力;② 与RCNTL的拟合程度;③ 对用电量估算的效果。结果表明：EANTLI在三个方面均表现出优势,在潜在饱和区内对特征地物具有更高的可区分性,与RCNTL的线性相关程度更高,与用电量的相关性相比于NTL、VANUI亦明显提高。因此可以认为EANTLI在指数的设计上较为合理,不仅易于计算,而且能达到较好的缓解灯光强度饱和、凸现城市内部差异的目的,在用于反演城市发展指标时能获得更为准确的结果,因此具有较高的应用价值。     

Temporal Variations in Growth and Aboveground Biomass of Phragmites australis and EVI Analysis in Jiaozhou Bay Coastal Salt Marshes,China

To better ascertain leaf, stem and flower traits, and analyze aboveground allocation during the vegetation period, three sampling vegetation transects were settled and reed samples were collected at intervals to determine morphological parameters and dry and wet weights in Jiaozhou Bay wetland. Remote sensing data were also combined to evaluate regional biomass through EVI regression models. Results show that growth dynamics of leaves and stems changed during the vegetation period. Stem length increased rapidly and peaked in September (194.40 ± 23.89 cm), whereas leaf width peaked in July. There was a significantly negative correlation between stem length and stem diameter with a value of -0.785. Stem biomass was higher than that of leaves, and the maximum value of aboveground biomass was 27.17 ± 3.56 g. F/C exhibited a tendency to increase and values ranged from 0.37-0.76. The aboveground biomass of sample plots reached a peak of 2356 ± 457 g/m² in September. EVI was 0.05-0.5; EVI and biomass had a better fitting effect using the power-exponent model compared with other models and its function was y = 4219.30 x^0.88 (R² = 0.7810). R² of the other three models ranked as linear function > polynomial function > exponent function, with the values being 0.7769, 0.7623 and 0.6963, respectively. EVI can be used to estimate vegetation biomass, and effectively solved the problems of the destructive effect to sample plots resulting from traditional harvest methods.     

岭谷组合地形的植被空间变异性对比及成因

滇西南山地纵向排列着老别山、邦马山、无量山、哀牢山,其对气候因子及植被生态的影响一直是我国山地生态学的主要研究内容之一.采用moran 系数(MC)度量了植被主要气假因子的空间自相关程度,通过构建半变异数研究了EVI各向异性及其气候因子的空间变异特征.结果显示:4山地气候因子的空间分异特征与地形走向吻合,表现出南-北方向的自相关程度较大,东-西方向自相关程度最小,表明山地延伸方向上"通道"作用明显而山地排列方向上"阻隔"作用显著;哀牢山和老别山的"阻隔"作用较大、影观异质性复杂,邦马山和无量山的"阻隔"作用较小、景观变化方向性不鲜明,各纵向山地的"通道-阻隔"作用与各山地走向、规模大小密切     

基于NOAA/AVHRR和Terra/MODIS数据的植被指数季节信息比较

依据云南省中部地区的气候系统和地形地貌的区域差异,选择西南山地和东部高原地区为对比区,应用ArcGIS 9.2点面结合分析了AVHRR-NDVI、MODIS-NDVI及MODIS-EVI 3种植被指数对植被季节性变化的敏感度.结果显示:MODIS-EVI在消除影响因素方面效果最好,其与植被覆盖度的线性关系得到明显改善,尤其是在高植被覆盖区表现良好,既避免了植被指数饱和问题的产生,又削弱了大气云雨、地形地貌及土壤背景的影响程度,为遥感定量研究陆地植被提供了数据保证,尤其是涉及有关植被季节性信息的研究.     

南方典型植被遥感丰度信息提取

针对遥感影像在南方丘陵地区典型植被丰度信息提取中存在的大量混合像元问题,为进一步提高线性解混精度,通过计算像元EVI值,构建了Landsat 8时间序列影像南方典型植被（端元）和混合像元的EVI时间序列曲线,分析了不同生育期内各种地物类型的植被指数变化曲线,发现不同地物在植被指数时间序列中具有各自独立的波动规律。选取多个端元及其EVI时间序列曲线,利用光谱匹配方法对匹配EVI时间序列曲线和多个端元进行了匹配,达到利用不同端元组合进行光谱解混的目的。试验结果表明,与传统方法相比,阔叶林解混精度有明显提高,针叶林解混精度也有所提高。该研究成果可以为南方丘陵地区植被环境的研究提供有力支撑。     

西北地区MODIS/NDVI与MODIS/EVI对比分析

为了了解西北地区MODIS/NDVI和MODS/EVI 2种植被指数的特点,利用2003年植被生长期TERRA/MODIS资料和西北地区植被类型数据,分析了西北地区MODIS/NDVI和MODIS/EVI空间分布特征和不同类型植被随时间变化特征,比较了大气订正对NDVI和EVI的影响。结果表明:NDVI和EVI空间分布格局一致,与降水空间分布形式比较一致。NDVI与EVI值的差异随着植被覆盖度的增加而增大。不同类型植被NDVI和EVI变化特征一致。大气对NDVI和EVI的影响较大,大气订正前许多地区NDVI值小于EVI值。大气订正使NDVI增大,EVI减小,大气订正后NDVI值普遍大于EVI值。通过对大气气溶胶粒子较多地区的NDVI和EVI值的对比分析,EVI具有较好的抗大气气溶胶的作用。     

ESTARFM算法在长江中下游平原地区的适用性研究

时空融合技术是目前解决单一遥感数据源难以同步获取高时空分辨率数据的有效途径。然而,如何设置参数使模型融合效果最佳,如何设置在植被监测中广泛应用的植被指数的融合步骤,进而获得最佳的植被指数时序数据,目前仍不明晰。本文以长江中下游平原地区的典型县域—南昌县为例,基于Landsat和MODIS多时相数据对当前主流时空融合模型—ESTARFM （Enhanced Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model）进行参数敏感性分析,并系统地对比分析了2组融合实验RI（先融合波段反射率后计算植被指数）和IR（先计算植被指数后直接融合）的融合效果。结果表明： ① ESTARFM算法中参数的敏感性在波段反射率、植被指数融合中表现出相似的特征,随着滑动窗口与相似像元数量的增大,融合误差整体呈现出先减小后趋于稳定或增大的趋势;在ESTARFM算法应用中,存在着最佳参数设置范围;② 相较于RI组,IR组模拟结果精度更高（R²_RI-NDVI=0.866,R²_IR-NDVI=0.953,R²_RI-EVI =0.814,R²_IR-EVI =0.930）,且能够较好地削弱“斑块”现象,更好地表征出细小地物和纹理特征。研究结果为遥感数据时空融合模型在地块破碎、种植制度多变的复杂环境中的应用提供借鉴和参考。     

21世纪初中国北方地区植被变化特征分析

利用增强型植被指数(EVI)作为植被活动的指标, 用MODIS-EVI时间序列数据定量分析了2000～2009年间中国北方地区EVI的变化规律。结果表明:1)21世纪初中国北方地区植被覆盖总体改善, 局部退化, 10年来区域年平均EVI增加5.97%;2)逐季节平均EVI均呈现上升趋势, 春季、秋季上升幅度小, 夏季、冬季上升幅度大;3)中国北方地区植被稀少的区域呈减少趋势, 同时单位面积EVI增加, 植被生长更加茂盛;4)中国北方地区EVI变化空间异质性大。东北平原、华北平原、黄土高原和新疆农业区显著增加, 东北和西部部分地区植被退化。     

Consistency of vegetation index seasonality across the Amazon rainforest

Vegetation indices (VIs) calculated from remotely sensed reflectance are widely used tools for characterizing the extent and status of vegetated areas. Recently, however, their capability to monitor the Amazon forest phenology has been intensely scrutinized. In this study, we analyze the consistency of VIs seasonal patterns obtained from two MODIS products: the Collection 5 BRDF product (MCD43) and the Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction algorithm (MAIAC). The spatio-temporal patterns of the VIs were also compared with field measured leaf litterfall, gross ecosystem productivity and active microwave data. Our results show that significant seasonal patterns are observed in all VIs after the removal of view-illumination effects and cloud contamination. However, we demonstrate inconsistencies in the characteristics of seasonal patterns between different VIs and MODIS products. We demonstrate that differences in the original reflectance band values form a major source of discrepancy between MODIS VI products. The MAIAC atmospheric correction algorithm significantly reduces noise signals in the red and blue bands. Another important source of discrepancy is caused by differences in the availability of clear-sky data, as the MAIAC product allows increased availability of valid pixels in the equatorial Amazon. Finally, differences in VIs seasonal patterns were also caused by MODIS collection 5 calibration degradation. The correlation of remote sensing and field data also varied spatially, leading to different temporal offsets between VIs, active microwave and field measured data. We conclude that recent improvements in the MAIAC product have led to changes in the characteristics of spatio-temporal patterns of VIs seasonality across the Amazon forest, when compared to the MCD43 product. Nevertheless, despite improved quality and reduced uncertainties in the MAIAC product, a robust biophysical interpretation of VIs seasonality is still missing.