新藏公路(新疆境内)沿线道路病害

新藏公路（新疆境内）地处昆仑山中、西段，沿线道路病害类型多样，有泥石流、滑坡、水毁、崩塌、雪害、涎流冰、翻浆、冻土等，严重威胁和破坏交通。由于所处地域自然环境条件特殊，病害频频发生，随着全球气候变暖，冰川退缩，病害将愈演愈烈。本文在实地调查的基础上，分析了研究区病害发育现状、分布规律、成因以及发展趋势，提出了进一步工作的建议。     

航测技术在高速公路勘测中的应用与实施——以二广高速为例

以二连浩特至广州高速公路(粤境段)为例,着重介绍了航测技术在高速公路勘测中的工作流程与相关技术的运用,对其在高速公路勘测中的应用现状与发展前景进行了总结与展望.     

G217天山公路典型泥石流沟危险性评价研究

泥石流是新疆天山公路的主要地质灾害之一。在泥石流危险度评价模式的基础上,结合泥石流对公路的作用特点及危害程度,建立了天山公路泥石流危险度评价理论体系。此理论在天山公路泥石流危险度评价中得到了很好的验证。同时,此理论体系对公路泥石流危险度量化指标和分级评判标准,具有极大的使用价值。运用灰色关联法进行天山公路典型泥石流沟危险度计算后发现,其计算值离异程度小,可靠性强,结果较为理想。这些评价参数最终为泥石流病害治理提供了一个很好的指导。     

综合工程物探技术在川藏公路102大型滑坡勘察中的应用

通过反射波法、拆射波法、瞬态瑞雷面波勘探法、直流对称四极电测深法、联合剖面法、高密度电测深法六种物探方法在川藏公路102大型滑坡勘察中应用,充分表明综合工程物探方法这门新兴技术所具有的良好探查效果。     

动态分段思想在公路地理信息系统中的实现

动态分段是一种全新的线性特征的动态分析技术,可以有效地解决公路线性特征的动态分析问题,实现公路图形和属性数据间的双向动态可视化查询。文章以Arc/Info为代表,分析了动态分段技术的原理,结合VB6.0、MapObjects2.2和Access,初步介绍了公路GIS中动态分段的数据结构与算法,并探讨了如何实现公路GIS的过程。     

川藏公路然乌-鲁朗段泥石流灾害成因分析及定量化分区

独特的地质、地形地貌、水文以及气候条件使得川藏公路然乌至鲁朗段各种山地灾害极其发育,尤其以泥石流灾害最为严重。根据前人的成果以及作者的实地调查,认为复杂的地质构造、强烈的地壳运动和河流切割、频繁的地震、丰富的松散堆积物、有利的地形地貌、现代冰川以及丰沛的降雨是研究区泥石流灾害频繁发生的主要原因。为了更有效地进行减灾防灾,采用岩石工程系统方法对研究区对泥石流进行了定量化分区。通过与初步定性泥石流分区以及泥石流灾害的分布情况进行对照,验证了定量泥石流分区的正确性和可行性。      

Effect of isolation on fragility curves of highway bridges based on simplified approach

The trend of isolating highway bridges is on the rise after the recent large earthquakes in Japan, the United States, and other countries. Recent investigation shows that isolated systems perform well against seismic forces as the substructures of such systems experience less lateral forces due to energy dissipation of the isolation device. Hence, it is anticipated that there might be an effect on fragility curves of highway bridges due to isolation. In this study, 30 isolated bridge models were considered (and they were designed according to the seismic design code of highway bridges in Japan) to have a wider range of the variation of structural parameters, e.g. pier heights, weights, and over-strength ratio of structures. Then, fragility curves were developed by following a simplified procedure using 250 strong motion records, which were selected from 5 earthquake events that occurred in Japan, the USA, and Taiwan. It is observed that the level of damage probability for the isolated system is less than that of the non-isolated one for a lower level of pier height. However, having the same over-strength ratio of the structures, the level of damage probability for the isolated system is found to be higher for a higher level of pier height compared to the one of the non-isolated system. The proposed simple approach may conveniently be used in constructing fragility curves for a class of isolated bridge structures in Japan that have similar characteristics.     

遥感技术在公路勘察设计中的应用

遥感(RemoteSensing-RS)、全球定位系统(GlobePositionSystem-GPS)、地理信息系统(GeographicInformationSystem-GIS)可广泛的应用于工程勘察设计及与公路交通建设有关的资源信息和经济地理分析、交通运输管理、测绘制图等方面,是全面认识公路交通自然环境,提高交通规划水平,协调发展公路网络的关键技术。从公路选线、工程地质勘察、工程设计到公路运行管理,3S技术的信息分析方法有其它手段不可替代的作用;遥感航测制图更有其速度快、质量高、节省人力物力的优势,而三维遥感数据是公路勘测设计自动化的基础,是体现设计思想、优化路线方案最先进有效的手段。     

Roadway construction in karst areas: management of stormwater runoff and sinkhole risk assessment

In karst-rich regions, it is inevitable that roadways cross karst landscapes. Road building across such terranes faces environmental and engineering challenges because of impacts on water quality from stormwater runoff and concerns of sinkhole collapse under or near roadways. When highway runoff drains rapidly into subsurface conduit networks through open sinkholes and/or sinking streams, the impact of the runoff on the karst aquifer can be qualitatively evaluated by mixing cell models. Formulation of a comprehensive stormwater runoff management plan prior to roadway construction can minimize the associated adverse impacts. The commonly used best management practices help manage the stormwater runoff effectively in some sites. Site-specific management plans are preferable for other sites because of concerns of flooding and land stability. Proactive measures should be taken to identify areas of the greatest sinkhole collapse risk along the proposed route and the associated groundwater drainage patterns.     

青藏公路沿线冻土区域分布计算机模拟与制图

通过对青藏公路沿线实测年平均地温多元回归统计,建立了年平均地温与海拔、纬度的关系模型。利用多年冻土分布下界的统计方程和关系模型及其于格网的地理信息分析系统,对青藏公路沿线多年冻土下界分和多年冻土地温带分布进行计算机模拟,结果表明,所建立的模拟模型能够反应青藏公路沿线多年冻土的区域分布特征,模拟结果基本上反映多年冻土分布状况。