公路隧道特大塌方成因分析及综合处治方法研究

结合元磨高速公路大风垭口隧道工程在施工过程中下行线K255+283出现的特大塌方事故,论文综合分析认为该段位于断层突泥富水带且塌方发生前曾发生涌水、塌方,在此基础上提出地表与洞内处治相结合并加以洞内排水的综合处治措施,综合监测和评判结果表明,综合处治后,塌方断面附近初期支护及二次衬砌的受力及变形均未发生异常变化,有关应力和变形在经过一段时间的变化后最终趋于稳定,而且其相关变化值都在很大的允许范围内,证明处治措施不仅理论上可靠,而且现实中安全可行,对未来公路隧道施工塌方处治工作有所指导和借鉴作用。     

基于要素分析和二元统计模型的区域滑坡危险等级制图——以国道212线陇南段为例

国道212线陇南段是我国地质灾害最发育的地区之一,绘制该区的滑坡危险等级地图对灾害管理和发展规划是极其必要的。基于滑坡的野外调查、机理研究和室内试验等工作,分析了滑坡与各种要素的相关性,选择控制滑坡的9个重要要素作为评价要素,利用GIS和二元统计的信息值模型和滑坡先验风险要素模型绘制了研究区的滑坡危险等级地图。最后,选用区内11个具有明显滑动位移的活动滑坡与滑坡危险等级地图比较,检验其可靠度。结果表明,活动的滑坡绝大部分都位于危险等级很高和高的范围内,说明两种模型的评价结果与研究区实际情况相吻合,同时也反映出信息值模型与实际情况更加相符。     

塔里木沙漠公路沿线不同立地类型风沙土的理化性质研究

通过对塔里术沙漠公路沿线不同立地类型风沙土物理、化学性质特征进行了初步研究，结果表明：沙漠公路沿线的风沙土，机械组成以极细砂粒和细砂粒为主；pH值均在8～9之间，为中性偏碱性；盐分含量具有显著差异，空间变异性大；养分和有机质含量较少，并未表现出明显的变化；微量元素（Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn）的有效含量普遍偏低，尤其是Mn、Cu、Zn处于极低水平。     

黄河源区多年冻土温度及厚度研究新进展

利用新布设的冻土孔及原有冻土资料,分析黄河源区冻土温度和厚度的空间分布。源区实测多年冻土年均地温最低为-1.81℃,冻土最厚74 m,均位于巴颜喀拉山北坡的查拉坪。214国道(K445-K604段)沿线多为高温多年冻土(年均地温>-1℃),但巴山北坡海拔4 520 m、布青山海拔4 300 m以上,年均地温低于-0.5℃。巴山北坡海拔4 610 m、布青山海拔4 420 m以上,年均地温低于-1℃。巴山北坡海拔每升高100 m,年均地温减少0.47~0.75℃,冻土厚度增加16~25 m;纬度向北增加1°,年均地温减少0.85℃,冻土厚度增加20~30 m。     

咸水灌溉对塔里木沙漠公路防护林植物生长的影响

通过不同矿化度成水造林实验和对塔里木沙漠公路防护林工程沿线不同矿化度水灌溉林地进行定位调查,选取成活率、株高、冠幅、地径、地上生物量及结实状况等反映造林苗木生长状况的常规指标,分析了不同矿化度成水灌溉对乔木沙拐枣(Calligonum arborescons)、梭梭(Haloxyloammodendron)和多枝柽柳(...     

Characteristics and changes of permafrost along the engineering corridor of National Highway 214 in the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Due to a series of linear projects built along National Highway 214, the second "Permafrost Engineering Corridor" on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has formed. In this paper, by overcoming the problems of data decentralization and standard inconsistency, permafrost characteristics and changes along the engineering corridor are systematically summarized based on the survey and monitoring data. The results show that: 1) Being controlled by elevation, the permafrost is distributed in flake discontinuity with mountains as the center along the line. The total length of the road section in permafrost regions is 365 km, of which the total length of the permafrost section of National Highway 214 is 216.7 km, and the total length of the permafrost section of Gong-Yu Expressway is 197.3 km. The mean annual ground temperature (MAGT) is higher than -1.5 °C, and permafrost with MAGT lower than -1.5 °C is only distributed in the sections at Bayan Har Mountain and E'la Mountain. There are obvious differences in the distribution of ground ice in the different sections along the engineering corridor. The sections with high ice content are mainly located in Zuimatan, Duogerong Plain and the top of north and south slope of Bayan Har Mountain. The permafrost thickness is controlled by the ground temperature, and permafrost thickness increases with the decrease of the ground temperature, with the change rate of about 37 m/°C. 2) Local factors (topography, landform, vegetation and lithology) affect the degradation process of permafrost, and then affect the distribution, ground temperature, thickness and ice content of permafrost. Asphalt pavement has greatly changed the heat exchange balance of the original ground, resulting in serious degradation of the permafrost. Due to the influence of roadbed direction trend, the phenomenon of shady-sunny slope is very significant in most sections along the line. The warming range of permafrost under the roadbed is gradually smaller with the increase of depth, so the thawing settlement of the shallow section with high ice-content permafrost is more significant.     

太湖流域公路及航道勘察中软土剪切指标综述

以太湖流域软土勘察数据为基础,针对公路及航道勘察设计中软土剪切指标的获取、选择、分类以及各指标之间的相互关系进行阐述,同时提出适合本地区的经验公式。