华北干旱异常的地域特征

利用1951～1996年月降水量和气温资料,以降水量为主,兼顾底墒及蒸发状况,定义了华北地区24站春、夏季干旱指数。区域及单站干旱指数的代表性分析表明,该干旱指数可以真实、客观地反映该区的干旱状况。文中还采用了方差极大旋转经验正交函数,分离出春季干旱的3个主要类型和夏季旱涝的4个主要类型。另外,对空间模的极大值中心所表示的含义也进行了讨论。     

阻塞高压活动的气候变化及其对中国某些地区旱涝的影响

用１９６５年到１９９０年共２６ａ逐日５００ｈＰａ天气图统计了北半球阻塞高压的活动特征，证实北半球有两个大的活动区。这两个区都有季节和年际变化，总次数有逐年减少趋势。研究了冷暖年份阻塞高压活动的差别，发现与２６ａ平均值相比，暖年次数偏少，冷年偏多，冷暖年之差很显著，在地理分布上有很好的反相关。分析了厄尔尼诺年阻塞高压分布特点，发现厄尔尼诺年乌拉尔山地区阻塞高压较常年显著偏少。内蒙古地区和江淮流域的旱年和多雨年，东半球阻塞高压的地区和数量分布都呈相反趋势。     

华北干旱的多时间尺度组合预测模型

根据华北地区干旱具有显著的年代际和年际变化特性,该文提出了建立多时间尺度预测模型的新构想。利用奇异谱动力学重构的方法将干旱序列的年代际和年际时间尺度变化进行分离,然后分别建立两种时间尺度变化的预测模型,最后将两者进行组合。在建立年际变化预测模型时,使用信噪比的方法将前期大气和海温出现显著异常变化区域的强信号引进到预测模型中。1996~2002年跨季度的预测试验表明,这一建模方案可以较好地反映华北干旱的变化趋势,并具有一定的预测技巧。     

近百年南京旱涝灾害动态监测指标的研究

利用南京1905—2004年的月降水量资料,引用帕尔默旱涝指数计算方法,建立适用于南京地区并能够反映旱涝演变过程的动态旱涝监测指标M。由于考虑了时间因子的影响,M指数比Z指数更能反映出动态旱涝的累积演变过程。分析M指数发现,近百年南京地区极端干旱月份多于极端湿润月份,夏季和秋季出现旱涝的机率大于春季和冬季,且旱涝具有连续性,持续时间都在2 a以上。南京地区各季动态旱涝监测指数在近百年中主要以20～15 a、9 a的周期振荡为主,部分时段还存在5 a左右的高频振荡。     

玉林市近50年来干旱的发生规律及防御对策

根据玉林市春、夏、秋三个季节干旱对农业生产的影响，参照历年的旱情资料，确定出干旱的农业气象指标，分析47a来干旱的时空分布规律和特点，并针对玉林市的具体情况提出一些防御干旱的对策。     

Voluntary relocation - An exploration of Australian attitudes in the context of drought, recycled and desalinated water

Throughout history settlements have been abandoned due to lack of water. Such a fate is of concern to public officials in settlements facing water scarcity - a condition which is anticipated to increase due to the impacts of climate change, and other factors including increasing per capita water use, and population growth. Key questions surround how to best adapt to these circumstances. A strategy little explored is relocation. This paper presents results from a qualitative study conducted in eight geographically diverse Australian locations. The willingness of individuals to relocate under three hypothetical water scenarios was investigated: (1) if the water in their community ran out, (2) if recycled wastewater was put in their community's drinking water supply, and (3) if desalinated water was put in their community's drinking water supply. Results indicate that most people would not relocate if recycled or desalinated water was used to augment their community's drinking water supply, but they would if their water supply ran out. Our results highlight that while there is initial public opposition to the augmentation of existing potable water supplies with recycled or desalinated water, people would prefer these solutions, over being forced to move location. Respondents were highly aware of the social, economic and public infrastructure costs associated with relocation decisions. Relocation would therefore, for most, only be the very last option if their water demands could not be met. However, it was difficult for most to imagine the situation becoming so dire. Our results highlight the importance of a comprehensive and consultative approach to managing supply in water scarce locations.     

高温干旱期间土壤-植被-大气系统水分特征

根据农田实际观测资料,利用改进的彭曼公式和设计的高温强度指数等。分析了江西省2003年特大高温干旱期间土壤水分特征、农田蒸发散量、高温强度指数与土壤水分的响应关系。结果表明,2003年6-9月特大高温干旱期间,江西省土壤-植被-大气系统的水分变化特征与高温干旱的空间分布、强度有较好的一致性．但土壤水分的最低值与高温强度的峰值有10d左右的滞后效应。