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951.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN MULTIVARIATE CALIBRATION 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
B.R.KOWALSKI M.B.SEASHOLTZ Laboratory for Chemometrics BG- University of Washington Seattle WA U.S.A. 《地理学报(英文版)》1991,(3)
With the goal of understanding global chemical processes,environmental chemists have some of the mostcomplex sample analysis problems.Multivariate calibration is a tool that can be applied successfully inmany situations where traditional univariate analyses cannot.The purpose of this paper is to reviewmultivariate calibration,with an emphasis being placed on the developments in recent years.The inverseand classical models are discussed briefly,with the main emphasis on the biased calibration methods.Principal component regression(PCR)and partial least squares(PLS)are discussed,along with methodsfor quantitative and qualitative validation of the calibration models.Non-linear PCR,non-linear PLSand locally weighted regression are presented as calibration methods for non-linear data.Finally,calibration techniques using a matrix of data per sample(second-order calibration)are discussed briefly. 相似文献
952.
地震趋势预测的一种新模型研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文根据自激励门限自回归模型原理,对多年的地震活动形势进行了分析,建立了用于地震大形势分析的客观化数值预测模式-在线预测模型。根据1980年以来中国大陆实际发生的地震资料对这一模型的可靠性进行了检验。统计结果表明,利用在线预测模型在对未来地震趋势进行预测时,其年度形势特征量的最大误差为0.3,平均误差为0.12;因此该模型能够比较客观地反映地震形势变化的自然特征及规律,较好的预测未来的地震活动趋势。这一模型的建立为促进地震趋势向客观化、定量化预测方向发展,提供了一种科学途径 相似文献
953.
954.
“蓝牙”技术与数字地震监测 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
“蓝牙”技术是一种无线数据与语音通信的开放性全球规范 ,它以低成本的近距离无线连接为基础 ,为固定与移动设备通信环境建立一个特别连接。它将给数字遥测地震台网的通讯技术带来一场新的革命。本文通过介绍“蓝牙”技术的基本原理 ,分析数字遥测地震台网的通讯要求 ,展望“蓝牙”技术在地震台网中的应用前景。 相似文献
955.
956.
航空三线阵CCD影像测制城市数字正射影像 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
提出了利用三线阵CCD相机测制城市数字正射影像和建立三维模型与目标,开展航空直接获取数字影像的摄影测量。着重讨论了利用三线阵CCD影像计算自由外方位无素并生成模型DEM然后利用少量控制点建立地面-模型坐标转换关系,生成地面坐标系的DEM和正射影像。 相似文献
957.
气候变化对中国农业生产的影响 总被引:89,自引:1,他引:88
根据1958 ̄1997年中国310个气象站的月平均最高、最低气温,月平均降水量,日照时数等气象参数分析了中国气候的背影特征。用3个大气环流模型,即HadCM2、CGCM1、ECHAM4来模拟未来中国气候变化的情景。同时,建立未来气候变化的6种方案。最后,根据3个GCMs模拟的结果,利用国际应用系统分析研究所(IIASA)发展并改进的农业生态地带模型(AEZ)评估气候变化对中国农业生产的影响。评估主 相似文献
958.
陈昱 《地球信息科学学报》2000,2(4):14-18
我国实施西部开发战略,是采取以科技为先导,以信息产业为突破口,使之避免和减少对资源掠夺性开发,减少对环境污染,实现资源与经济的可持续发展。“数字地球”在这方面可以发挥巨大的作用。西部开发还必需放在全球变化、东亚大陆时空变迁规律的大环境中,从整体环境和地球大气圈、水圈、固体圈各因子相互作用和耦合过程的角度考虑。而“数字地球”正是具有独特的全球化宏观性,将地球作为一个有机整体来研究。因此,西部开发应充分运用当代“数字地球”这一先进技术群为西部社会、经济和环境的提高发挥更大的作用。使西部信息资源通过智力资本的投入,成为快速增值的知识资产. 相似文献
959.
以地层等高线和地质柱状图为建模基础信息,采用曲面样条函数进行插值计算地质曲面,并对AutoCAD进行二次开发,将二维抽象的等高线信息以三维可视化的图形效果在AutoCAD的图形窗口中直观形象地表示出来,为开采和规划决策提供依据.此方法可使煤矿主采区域、城市活断层探测以三维地层显示,对煤矿行业,地震活断层研究有一定的参考价值. 相似文献
960.
Dimethylsulphide (DMS) has been implicated in climate change as a possible negative feedback to global warming, and several Models have been developed that simulate the production of DMS in the marine environment. The focus of this study is to improve the nitrogen based Gabric Model, using field data collected during the Southern Hemisphere First Marine Aerosol Characterisation Experiment (ACE-1) in the Southern Ocean in 1995. Two Model Runs (Series A and B) were carried out with six simulations of varying biotic and abiotic inputs applied over the voyage transect (41-48°S), reflecting Model default values or field values from the experiment. The abiotic inputs were time-step, dissolved dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP) and DMS, and the biotic nitrogen inputs were from phytoplankton, bacteria, zooflagellates, large protozoa, micro and mesozooplankton. The focus of the abiotic assessment was nutrient (nitrate) uptake and dissolved DMSP and DMS output. Model output of the biotic compartments was assessed for congruence with predicted ecological patterns of succession.
Despite a limited data set the study provides a good insight into the utility of the Model, which functioned as a heuristic rather than predictive tool. In simulation 1 (Series A) where the only field value was nitrate, all latitudes from 41-48°S concurred with the ecological succession predicted by the Model authors and the successional pattern predicted by other researchers, with a double phytoplankton peak indicating remineralisation of nitrogen via the microbial loop. In many simulations the Model produced lower values of dissolved DMS than were measured, and production of DMS in the Model appears constrained. However, in simulation 5 (Series A) DMS model outputs were closest to the mean dissolved DMS levels reported on RV Discoverer. In this simulation, field values were used for phytoplankton, nitrate, dissolved DMSP and DMS, with bacterial abundance and micro and mesozooplankton increased over their Gabric default values. Also, the phytoplankton double peak occurred earlier, as did the peaks in bacteria, zooflagellates, and large protozoa. Simulations that deviated more significantly from the predicted successional patterns were characterised by single peaks in phytoplankton growth and delayed bacterial growth. Series C simulations at latitude 43°S, in an attempt to reduce phytoplankton predation by bacteria, increased DMS output reasonably successfully. However, significant recalibration of the Model is recommended in conjunction with field studies to gather vital background biological data - particularly in the areas of nutrient limitation, phytoplankton speciation, and the cellular content of the DMS precursor compound, DMSP. 相似文献
Despite a limited data set the study provides a good insight into the utility of the Model, which functioned as a heuristic rather than predictive tool. In simulation 1 (Series A) where the only field value was nitrate, all latitudes from 41-48°S concurred with the ecological succession predicted by the Model authors and the successional pattern predicted by other researchers, with a double phytoplankton peak indicating remineralisation of nitrogen via the microbial loop. In many simulations the Model produced lower values of dissolved DMS than were measured, and production of DMS in the Model appears constrained. However, in simulation 5 (Series A) DMS model outputs were closest to the mean dissolved DMS levels reported on RV Discoverer. In this simulation, field values were used for phytoplankton, nitrate, dissolved DMSP and DMS, with bacterial abundance and micro and mesozooplankton increased over their Gabric default values. Also, the phytoplankton double peak occurred earlier, as did the peaks in bacteria, zooflagellates, and large protozoa. Simulations that deviated more significantly from the predicted successional patterns were characterised by single peaks in phytoplankton growth and delayed bacterial growth. Series C simulations at latitude 43°S, in an attempt to reduce phytoplankton predation by bacteria, increased DMS output reasonably successfully. However, significant recalibration of the Model is recommended in conjunction with field studies to gather vital background biological data - particularly in the areas of nutrient limitation, phytoplankton speciation, and the cellular content of the DMS precursor compound, DMSP. 相似文献