四川三星堆遗址多源遥感研究

运用遥感考古技术，通过对卫星和航空遥感图像的处理、解译及相互映证，对三星堆的古河道、古城池进行了全面调查，发现了马牧河由南往北的多期古河道及一些未曾被发现的古城遗址，得出三星堆古城池分为内外二层的结论。     

InSAR相位分解及其在生成DEM和研究地震形变场中的应用

InSAR是极具发展潜力的微波遥感新技术,可应用于数字高程模型的产生、制图和大范围微小地表形变的测量。考虑参考面、地形和地表形变等因素,本文从几何角度分析和讨论了In-SAR的相位分解,并给出了各相位分量的函数表达式,阐述了地表高程和形变信息提取的基本原理。最后以JERS和ENVISAT卫星数据为例,展示了合成孔径雷达干涉测量在生成数字高程模型和提取地震形变场中的应用及其数据处理过程。     

基于Web GIS的上海数字农业集成系统

上海农业集成系统是基于JZ地理信息系统软件(精准农业信息公司开发的一套基于Web发布的地理信息系统发布引擎)开发的一套BS架构的农业系统。该平台采用了ASP.NET技术、SQL Server数据库管理技术以及地图发布引擎(JZ地图引擎)等技术,将传感器采集到的实时数据发布到网上,使各种不同目的的客户能够及时了解、分析和处理数据,并根据数据的实际情况及时应对农作物生长过程中的不良状态。本文对该平台的关键技术、数据管理、功能模块和安装步骤等方面作了详细的介绍。     

基于DEM的遥感数据复原方法研究

介绍了一种基于数字高程模型（DEM）的遥感数据复原新方法。此方法将地形因子作为最主要的作用因子，不考虑卫星传感过程中的随机影响。首先，根据基础地理数据，按其等高线层生成DEM； 然后，利用DEM，通过实测样点、DEM和经过纠正的遥感数据的信息融合，进行遥感数据中像元样点的坡度、坡向分析，建立DEM与遥感信息的相关关系模型，以数学统计方法描述地形因子对遥感数据的作用机理； 最后，进行逐像元的遥感信息复原(归一化)。结果表明，该方法具有较好的信息复原效果，可消除或减少地形对遥感数据的影响，增强遥感技术在山区复杂地形下的实用性。     

青海玉树单台地震序列的尾波Q值研究

利用玉树单台记录到的2006年7月19日玉树Ms5．4级地震序列的数字地震波形资料，计算了不同频率下该序列尾波Q值的变化特征，为今后将数字地震资料应用到地震预报工作中提供了参考依据。     

Pits,rifts and slumps: the summit structure of Piton de la Fournaise

A clear model of structures and associated stress fields of a volcano can provide a framework in which to study and monitor activity. We propose a volcano-tectonic model for the dynamics of the summit of Piton de la Fournaise (La Reunion Island, Indian Ocean). The summit contains two main pit crater structures (Dolomieu and Bory), two active rift zones, and a slumping eastern sector, all of which contribute to the actual fracture system. Dolomieu has developed over 100 years by sudden large collapse events and subsequent smaller drops that include terrace formation. Small intra-pit collapse scars and eruptive fissures are located along the southern floor of Dolomieu. The western pit wall of Dolomieu has a superficial inward dipping normal fault boundary connected to a deeper ring fault system. Outside Dolomieu, an oval extension zone containing sub-parallel pit-related fractures extends to a maximum distance of 225 m from the pit. At the summit the main trend for eruptive fissures is N80°, normal to the north–south rift zone. The terraced structure of Dolomieu has been reproduced by analogue models with a roof to width ratio of approximately 1, suggesting an original magma chamber depth of about 1 km. Such a chamber may continue to act as a storage location today. The east flank has a convex–concave profile and is bounded by strike-slip fractures that define a gravity slump. This zone is bound to the north by strike-slip fractures that may delineate a shear zone. The southern reciprocal shear zone is probably marked by an alignment of large scoria cones and is hidden by recent aa lavas. The slump head intersects Dolomieu pit and may slide on a hydrothermally altered layer known to be located at a depth of around 300 m. Our model has the summit activity controlled by the pit crater collapse structure, not the rifts. The rifts become important on the mid-flanks of the cone, away from pit-related fractures. On the east flank the superficial structures are controlled by the slump. We suggest that during pit subsidence intra-pit eruptions may occur. During tumescence, however, the pit system may become blocked and a flank eruption is more likely. Intrusions along the rift may cause deformation that subsequently increases the slump’s potential to deform. Conversely, slumping may influence the east flank stress distribution and locally control intrusion direction. These predictions can be tested with monitoring data to validate the model and, eventually, improve monitoring.     

Gibbs sampler by sampling-importance-resampling

Among the Markov chain Monte Carlo methods, the Gibbs sampler has the advantage that it samples from the conditional distributions for each unknown parameter, thus decomposing the sample space. In the case the conditional distributions are not tractable, the Gibbs sampler by means of sampling-importance-resampling is presented here. It uses the prior density function of a Bayesian analysis as the importance sampling distribution. This leads to a fast convergence of the Gibbs sampler as demonstrated by the smoothing with preserving the edges of 3D images of emission tomography.     

省级基础地理信息数据更新方法探讨

主要从更新方法、技术方案及数据共享方面讨论了省级基础地理信息数据更新的相关问题。     

On an Earth ellipsoid best-fitted to the Earth surface

Historically, the mean Earth ellipsoid is obtained by fitting an ellipsoid of revolution to the geoid. Such an ellipsoid, however, does not necessarily best fit the physical surface of the Earth due to the existence of topography outside the geoid. In this paper, we present a purely geometrically defined Earth ellipsoid that best fits the physical surface of the Earth so that the resulting ellipsoidal height attains minimum global mean square value. Using a global digital terrain model and a global geopotential model, the size, shape and position of such an Earth ellipsoid have been numerically estimated. Received: 6 September 1996 / Accepted: 1 April 1998     

教师在数字化测图教学实践中的主导作用

介绍在数字化测图实践中,各关键技术环节上教师的主导作用,总结了实践教学的经验和体会。