Sapphirine in SW Sweden: a record of Sveconorwegian (–Grenvillian) late-orogenic tectonic exhumation

In the Sveconorwegian granulite region of SW Sweden, sapphirine occurs in reaction coronas in Mg- and Al-rich kyanite eclogites which form parts of mafic complexes. Aluminous to peraluminous sapphirine forms symplectitic intergrowths with plagioclase±corundum±spinel after kyanite. Kyanite and omphacite were the main reactants in the formation of sapphirine. The sapphirine formed during decompression from the eclogite facies ( P >15  kbar) through the high- to medium-pressure granulite and upper amphibolite facies at c. 750  °C. Preserved growth zoning in garnet, frozen-in reaction textures, and chemical disequilibrium suggest a rapid tectonic exhumation. Ductile deformation in the surrounding gneisses and parts of the mafic complex is characterized by foliation development, WNW–ESE stretching and dynamic recrystallization under granulite to upper amphibolite facies conditions, simultaneous with the sapphirine formation. This decompression, high-grade re-equilibration and associated deformation took place during the exhumation of the Sveconorwegian eclogites, bracketed between 969±14 and 956±7  Ma. Probable tectonic causes are late-orogenic gravitational collapse and/or plate divergence following the Sveconorwegian–Grenvillian continent–continent collision. There are no indications of metastability of aluminous and peraluminous sapphirine in the decompressed kyanite eclogites; sapphirine is stable in amphibole-poor and amphibolitized varieties, including rocks that have undergone dynamic recrystallization. Close similarities between rocks from different parts of the world with respect to reaction textures suggests that sapphirine+plagioclase-forming reactions are a universal feature in high-temperature decompressed kyanite eclogites.     

南极长城站夏季哨声的观测与分析

在中国首次南极考察期间,我们对哨声和VLF发射进行了37天的连续观测。本文首先对观测设备作了介绍,在对观测资料进行统计分析的基础上就哨声类型、发生率、色散特征等作了描述,然后重点对磁暴期间两天的哨声活动作了较细致的分析,并由此推求出其传播途径上的电子浓度变化。观测到了磁暴期间等离子体层的倒空现象和其后的回填过程。计算表明,倒空的速率为109el/cm2·s,向上的回填通量为5x108 el/cm2·s。     

水盐梯度下黄河三角洲湿地植被空间分异规律的定量分析

三角洲湿地植被的形成和分布同时受水深、土壤含盐量两个环境因子的作用。采用模糊数学排序方法分析了黄河三角洲湿地植被在水深、土壤含盐量两个环境梯度下的空间分异规律。结果表明,由TWINSPAN划分而得到的8个植被类型在模糊数学排序图中有各自的分布范围,界线明显。以穗状狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spica-tum)等水生植物为优势种的群落分布在排序图的左上部,为黄河三角洲湿地高水深、低盐分地区;以柽柳(Tam-arix chinensis)、翅碱蓬(Suaeda heteroptera)等典型盐生植物为优势种的群落分布在排序图的右下部,为黄河三角洲的低水深、高盐分地区;其他以芦苇(Phragmites australis)、荻(Triarrhena sacchariflora)、旱柳(Salix matsudana)等为优势种的群落分布在排序图的中部。利用Gini-Simpson指数,在模糊数学排序图中分析了植物物种多样性随水深、土壤含盐量梯度的空间变化,结果表明,高水深、低盐分和低水深、高盐分地区植物物种多样性均较低,而二者过渡区域植物物种多样性较高。     

梭梭幼苗死亡与土壤和大气干旱的关系研究

以古尔班通古特沙漠南缘沙漠中的一年生梭梭幼苗为研究对象,对环境气象因子、土壤含水率、幼苗根系垂直伸展状况、幼苗死亡动态进行了全生长期的连续监测研究。结果表明,尽管梭梭幼苗根系伸展迅速,当年可达1.5 m,幼苗死亡率动态变化仍然与土壤表层含水率显著相关,而与根区或深层含水率不显著相关。但统计分析结果显示,土壤表层含水率并不总是梭梭幼苗死亡率波动的主导因素。当土壤含水率低至0.82%时,无论大气干旱程度如何,幼苗死亡率都急剧升高;而当土壤含水率高于1.25%时,幼苗可以耐受大气干旱,幼苗死亡只与土壤表层含水率显著相关;当土壤含水率在0.82~1.25%之间时,幼苗死亡率与大气干旱程度（空气饱和差）显著相关。据此我们推测,当土壤表层含水率低于1.25%时,大气干旱主导死亡率的变化;反之,则土壤水分主导。     

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基于物元可拓的河南省柘城县浅层地下水质量综合评价

该文采用物元可拓法对2008年和2019年河南柘城县浅层地下水质量进行综合评价,并与综合评分法、单指标评价法的评价结果进行对比,分析物元可拓法的可靠性及水质变化趋势。研究表明:柘城县浅层地下水综合质量等级总体好于综合评分法和单指标评价法评价结果,绝大多数样品点综合质量等级优于Ⅲ类,Ⅳ类、Ⅴ类地下水质量影响因素主要为F-和总硬度;对比2008年与2019年水质变化,柘城县浅层地下水具有Ⅰ类水向Ⅱ类水、Ⅳ—Ⅴ类水向Ⅲ—Ⅳ类水变化的趋势,与2008年样品的物元可拓指数预测结果一致。物元可拓法将综合关联度与可拓指数相结合,既客观地反映地下水水质总体状况,又定性地分析样本水质的变化趋势,使评价结果更接近于实际情况,评价方法在水质评价领域具有应用价值和研究意义。     

一种基于激光点云数据的房屋轮廓线提取方法

提出了一种基于激光点云数据提取房屋轮廓线的方法.首先在屋顶激光点云数据中搜索平面距离最远的两个激光点,选择其一为起始点,根据相邻边缘点连线的一侧不存在激光点的原则,检测屋顶所有的边缘点;然后对边缘点分组,利用最小二乘直线拟合方法分别拟合各条轮廓线并进行规则化;最后,选择轮廓线最外侧的激光点,对各条轮廓线进行平移外扩,并通过相邻轮廓线相交确定屋顶角点的坐标.实验结果表明,与通常采用的对屋顶激光点云构建不规则三角网(TIN)获取边缘点的方法相比,该算法运行效率明显提高,检测到的屋顶边缘点数量更多,获取的屋顶轮廓线精度更高.     

Causes for continuous siltation of the lower Yellow River

Previous studies indicate that aggradation of a river channel is caused by upriver and/or downriver controls, but the evaluation of their relative importance is often difficult. A method is proposed to isolate the effect of the downriver control based on the slopes of the existing river profile, those of the graded profile estimated from the discharge-sediment relationship and slope reduction due to local base-level rise. The method was applied to the rapidly aggrading lower Yellow River. The downriver control in this case refers to the local base-level rise associated with deltaic extension during the period under discussion. The result shows that the main portion of siltation along the river is not caused by downriver control but by the slope difference between the existing and the graded profiles over a period within the last 700 years, assuming conditions of discharge and sediment load during the period from 1962 to 1985 are reflective of the long term. The marked slope difference between the existing and the graded profiles of the river is a result of changes in the river environment in the past several thousand years including the increase of sediment load, local base-level rise associated with river lengthening by deltaic growth, and relative sea-level rise due to tectonic subsidence of the coastal alluvial plain.