地震前兆资料的快速应用

陕西省地震局研制的一套软件解决了地震前兆数字化和大华北资料共享后的大量数据在分析预报中的快速应用问题。内容有“九五”、“十五”、模拟和大华北资料的下载、处理、保存、计算、统计和制图等功能。采取了简化操作、成批处理、自动成图等方法,有效地提高了分析速度,与Mapsis互相兼容,取长补短,能在20分钟内完成地震趋势会商前的准备工作,在震情分析中发挥了良好的作用。     

Investigating dynamic mechanisms of geological phenomena using methodology of computational geosciences: An example of equal-distant mineralization in a fault

This paper presents a research methodology associated with approximately a decade old computa- tional geosciences. To demonstrate how it can be used to investigate the dynamic mechanisms of geological phenomenon, we use as an example the equal-distant distribution of gold deposits in a three-dimensional permeable fault within the Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia. The related numerical results demonstrate that: (1) convective pore-fluid flow in fluid-saturated porous media is the control- ling dynamic mechanism leading to the equal-distant distribution of gold deposits along the fault; (2) the main characteristic of the new methodology is to change the traditionally used empirical, descrip- tive and qualitative methodology into the fundamentally scientific principles based predictive and quantitative methodology. Thus, this new methodology provides a modern scientific research tool for investigating the dynamic mechanisms associated with observed geological phenomena in nature.     

A cascade approach to continuous rainfall data generation at point locations

High-resolution temporal rainfall data sequences serve as inputs for a range of applications in planning, design and management of small (especially urban) water resources systems, including continuous flow simulation and evaluation of alternate policies for environmental impact assessment. However, such data are often not available, since their measurements are costly and time-consuming. One alternative to obtain high-resolution data is to try to derive them from available low-resolution information through a disaggregation procedure. This study evaluates a random cascade approach for generation of high-resolution rainfall data at a point location. The approach is based on the concept of scaling in rainfall, or, relating the properties associated with the rainfall process at one temporal scale to a finer-resolution scale. The procedure involves two steps: (1) identification of the presence of scaling behavior in the rainfall process; and (2) generation of synthetic data possessing same/similar scaling properties of the observed rainfall data. The scaling identification is made using a statistical moment scaling function, and the log–Poisson distribution is assumed to generate the synthetic rainfall data. The effectiveness of the approach is tested on the rainfall data observed at the Sydney Observatory Hill, Sydney, Australia. Rainfall data corresponding to four different successively doubled resolutions (daily, 12, 6, and 3 h) are studied, and disaggregation of data is attempted only between these successively doubled resolutions. The results indicate the presence of multi-scaling behavior in the rainfall data. The synthetic data generated using the log–Poisson distribution are found to exhibit scaling behaviors that match very well with that for the observed data. However, the results also indicate that fitting the scaling function alone does not necessarily mean reproducing the broader attributes that characterize the data. This observation clearly points out the extreme caution needed in the application of the existing methods for identification of scaling in rainfall, especially since such methods are also prevalent in studies of the emerging satellite observations and thus in the broader spectrum of hydrologic modeling.     

微动信号的数据处理与岩土频谱特性分析

频谱是微动信号的一个重要动力学参数,微动信号的频谱特性与场地覆盖层厚度和地基土刚度的变化密切相关,既可反映岩土层的类型特征,又能反映工程场地的动力特性。详细探讨了目前较为常用的利用微动信号进行场地动力特性分析的方法,并对这些方法进行了研究和比较。简要介绍了功率谱估计方法,同时,通过实例分析了微动信号的变化规律和场地微动信号的频率响应特性。     

模拟水氡观测数据快速整理软件简析

介绍了为解决模拟水氡资料数字化问题而编制的模拟水氡观测数据处理软件的特点、功能以及使用方法等．认为,该软件经黑龙江省多个台（点）和辽宁沈阳台使用,效果良好,可大大提高工作效率。     

A parallel mesh-free contaminant transport model based on the Analytic Element and Streamline Methods

This paper introduces a new method for simulating large-scale subsurface contaminant transport that combines an Analytic Element Method (AEM) groundwater flow solution with a split-operator Streamline Method for modeling reactive transport. The key feature of the method is the manner in which the vertically integrated AEM flow solution is used to construct three-dimensional particle tracks that define the geometry of the Streamline Method. The inherently parallel nature of the algorithm supports the development of reactive transport models for spatial domains much larger than current grid-based methods. The applicability of the new approach is verified for cases with negligible transverse dispersion through comparisons to analytic solutions and existing numerical solutions, and parallel performance is demonstrated through a realistic test problem based on the regional-scale transport of agricultural contaminants from spatially distributed sources.     

The digital seismometer, a modern instrument

On the basis of an analysis of the development history of seismometers, the conclusion is made that a new generation of instruments—digital seismometers—should be created. The functions of a digital seismometer and its advantages over other existing instruments are described in brief.     

Classification of seismic signals at Villarrica volcano (Chile) using neural networks and genetic algorithms

Each volcano has its own unique seismic activity. The aim of this work is to construct a system able to classify seismic signals for the Villarrica volcano, one of the most active volcanoes in South America. Since seismic signals are the result of particular processes inside the volcano's structure, they can be used to forecast volcanic activity. This paper describes the different kinds of seismic signals recorded at the Villarrica volcano and their significance. Three kind of signals were considered as most representative of this volcano's activity: the long-period, the tremor, and the energetic tremor signals. A classifier is implemented to read the seismic registers at 30-second intervals, extract the most relevant features of each interval, and classify them into one of the three kinds of signals considered as most representative of this particular volcano. To do so, 1033 different kinds of 30-s signals were extracted and classified by a human expert. A feature extraction process was applied to obtain the main characteristics of each of them. This process was developed using criteria which have been shown by others to effectively classify seismic signals, based on the experience of a human expert. The classifier was implemented with a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) artificial neural network whose architecture and training process were optimized by means of a genetic algorithm. This technique searched for the most adequate MLP configuration to improve the classification performance, optimizing the number of hidden neurons, the transfer functions of the neurons, and the training algorithm. The optimization process also performed a feature selection to reduce the number of signal features, optimizing the number of network inputs. The results show that the optimized classifier reaches more than 93% exactitude. identifying the signals of each kind. The amplitude of the signals is the most important feature for its classification, followed by its frequency content. The described methodology can be used to classify more seismic signals to improve the study of the activity of this volcano or to extend the study to other active volcanoes of the region.     

新疆数字化地震前兆数据的多重保护探讨

对新疆数字化地震前兆数据的安全解决方案进行了探讨.在实际工作中采取有效的预防措施,预防任何原因造成的数据丢失的可能,讨论在灾难性数据发生时,第一时间内恢复数据的可行方案,降低数据丢失或损坏造成的影响,为新疆数字化地震前兆数据加上多重安全保险.     

阵列声波处理技术的研究与应用

本文将根据在声学解释处理技术方面的研究成果,有侧重地介绍高分辨率阵列声波提取技术、频散校正技术、利用斯通利波同时反演地层渗透性和各向异性的阵列声波处理技术,同时还将详细的阐述这些特殊处理技术的基本原理和具体的实现办法,并通过一些实际应用的例子来证明这些特殊处理技术的有效性和先进性.