城市风貌规划中水系风貌规划方法研究

水系风貌是城市风貌的重要组成部分,是城市风貌规划中的一个重要环节.在对水系风貌规划的重要性和对实例的分析研究后,提出了城市风貌规划中水系风貌规划的方法及内容:展现城市风貌的亲水性,满足人们对水的眷恋;赋予水系深层内涵,让水系更具有文化韵味,体现城市风貌;在合理利用的情况下并对其进行有利的保护,让其成为可持续资源.     

云南黎明高山丹霞地貌成因及其演化模式

始新统红色磨拉石建造和裂隙网奠定黎明丹霞地质景观条件,岩石中富含各种致色元素,使丹霞峰林赤壁呈现多种颜色;内外动力共同作用,形成黎明地区分布范围广、极具独特性的高山丹霞地貌单体形态和组合形态。高山丹霞地貌的形成与演化,可分为四个主要阶段。     

Timescales and the role of inheritance in long-term landscape evolution,northern New England,Australia

Landscape evolution in northern New England is characterized by the persistence of landforms over long time periods. The topography in the study area was initiated by Paleozoic diapiric intrusion of granitic rocks as highs within metasedimentary and volcanic rocks. This framework was probably reinforced by differences in the resistance of the massive igneous and the fractured metasedimentary rocks to erosion. As a result, both the Tertiary and present-day relief of the area consists of uplands developed on granitic rocks partly overlain by Paleozoic volcanic rocks, and lowlands developed on Paleozoic metasediments. Extensive volcanism in the Tertiary had only a minimal effect on this relationship. A significant impact of Tertiary volcanism, however, was the diversion of major streams across topographic highs. Despite 19-35 Ma of incision, these streams are still far from establishing equilibrium profiles and dissecting the highs. The persistence of topography for a timescale of the same order of magnitude as that conventionally thought to be required for planation is due to reduced denudation rates in a passive tectonic setting and the presence of erosion-resistant Paleozoic igneous units. The latter influence is indicated by knickpoint persistence for 19-35 Ma on streams diverted across these rocks. Since it is generally considered that such disequilibria are short-lived features formed by Quaternary or ongoing deformation, this knickpoint persistence has important implications for landscape analyses that use disequilibria to assess recent tectonism in a landscape.     

论五指石旅游区的个性及开发策略

本文运用旅游地理学，旅游市场学基本原理，分析了五指石旅游区的个性特征，结合其区位和经济条件，论述了将来的开发策略，认为应以建议好山寨门为突破口进行旅游区的整体形象建设，注意各景区重点及其与其它设施的配套规划，迅速解决交通与缺水问题，集约开发系列旅游产品以增强旅游总体效益。     

Denudation,isostasy and landscape evolution

The idea that the isostatic response to progressive denudational unloading can be episodic over cyclic timescales is widely cited in the geomorphological literature. We demonstrate, however, that this notion, which has been regarded as a possible mechanism of widespread landscape rejuvenation, is based on a fundamental misunderstanding of the principles of flexural isostasy. Rather than a discontinuous response, in cases where the half-width of the applied load is greater than a few tens of kilometres the lithosphere experiences a continuous compensation which is dependent upon the wavelength of the applied load rather than upon a lateral, or vertical, threshold of unloading which has to be exceeded before isostatic recovery is initiated. Although a flexural isostatic response cannot account for episodic uplift during a denudational cycle, it can explain the growth and persistence of significant marginal upwarps along passive margins across which there is a marked contrast in denudation rates. Such marginal upwarps, in turn, probably play a critical role in the long-term evolution of drainage systems and landscapes in adjacent continental hinterlands.     

A model for heat and water balance estimation and its application to land use and climate variation

This paper presents a method, which has been recently developed in the Department of Agrometeorology of the Poznań Agricultural University, for estimating heat balance components based on standard meteorological data, plant development stage, and land-use conditions. Estimates of latent heat flux components made it possible to obtain values of areal evapotranspiration and surface runoff. The method was applied in four catchment areas in Central Poland under present climatic conditions as well as under new, expected climatic conditions caused by an increase of ‘greenhouse gases’ in the atmosphere. Some changes in land use were also considered. The results show significant changes in the water balance when comparing present and future conditions of precipitation and evapotranspiration.     

中国东南部丹霞地貌区小尺度植被分异结构研究

陡崖坡广泛发育是丹霞地貌的基本形态特征。典型的丹霞地貌山块往往四面陡崖,山块之间也因此形成被陡崖围合的沟谷。特殊的地貌造就了许多特殊的小生境,产生了特殊的植被分异现象。本文梳理了山地自然分异和丹霞地貌生态与植被分异方面的研究文献,发现人们对于丹霞地貌区小尺度植被分异的关注不足。为此,针对丹霞地貌区小尺度植被分异这个最具有个性化的自然分异现象与本质进行了初步探讨,得到主要结论：丹霞地貌区小尺度的自然生态分异不符合一般意义上山地自然带分异规律,其根本原因在于地貌所引起的生境差异;丹霞地貌区的山顶效应实质上是“干岛”效应,其沟谷效应实质上是一种“热岛+湿岛”效应;孤立山顶的边缘形成生态结构“突变带”,使得山顶形成孤立的“环状生态圈层”;因地貌差异形成的小生境差异,决定了丹霞地貌区的植被分异图谱。这种小尺度植被分异研究能够丰富中国山地科学研究,并为丹霞地貌区植被生态环境保护提供一定的参考。     

基于RS与GIS的密云县生态环境效应分析

北京一号小卫星数据和Landsat卫星TM/ETM+数据进行生态环境效应遥感分析。首先,对三期遥感影像进行解译得到土地利 用状况图,并分析了其变化情况; 然后,应用GIS技术,结合景观生态学的方法分析了景观结构变化; 利用RS技术分析了密云县 植被及地表温度; 最后,分析了不同土地利用和不同生态区划的NDVI和地表温度的变化特点。综合上面的分析,指出了RS与GIS方 法在城市生态环境分析方面的优势。     

Exploring a combination of objective and subjective assessment in landscape classification: Side case from Turkey

Landscape is a product of interactions between human and nature that bring multiple characteristics to discrete geographic settings. Landscape character assessment (LCA) is a process of describing, mapping and evaluating distinct characters in the landscape. The aim of this study is to integrate objective and subjective assessment in landscape classification in the case of Side district in Antalya, Turkey. The methodology of the study is based on a holistic approach to combine map-based biophysical information and on-site visual landscape characteristics into the LCA process. Principal component and cluster analysis were used to understand relationships and spatial patterns between 29 landscape character areas and types which were previously defined by previous work. The main source of data was landscape characters, and 35 character attributes was processed as variables. Cluster analysis showed that landscape character areas and types in Side were gathered into two main cluster groups and five sub clusters. The majority of landscape character areas tended to constitute separate subclusters, while character types appeared to form large groups of clusters in which recognisable land-use patterns were the main activity. According to the cluster dendrogram, it was possible to interpret spatial linkages between the clusters of character areas and types and to delineate geographic classification of the main landscapes in Side. Scaling relations for LCA in a pattern-process-product framework provided an explicit understanding of the data layers in landscape classification and where the clustering can function. Biophysical characteristics comprised the pattern of the landscape, while visual characteristics demonstrated the condition of the landscape as a product. The process depends upon transformation between the objective and the subjective as a link between pattern and product. Further steps would be to conduct semistructured surveys to assess local perceptions and preferences about landscape characters for landscape quality objectives.