新型农村社区建设对农户生计变化影响研究——以三峡库区重庆市忠县天子村社区为例

改善农户生计是新型农村社区建设需要解决的最主要问题,农户生计变化决定农户生计策略的选择。运用参与式农村评价法(PRA)对忠县复兴镇天子村新型农村社区进行实地调研,并在DFID可持续生计框架下,从农户生产经营方式、家庭收入结构、人居环境和公共服务保障4个方面选取13个指标,建立农户生计变化评价指标体系,以揭示新型农村社区农户生计变化特征。同时,运用Logistic模型分析揭示了农户生计变化的影响因素。研究结果表明,新型农村社区建设对农户生计变化影响显著,与迁入新型农村社区前相比,在生产经营方式、家庭收入结构、人居环境和公共服务保障4个方面,农户生计值都有了较大变化;在基于农户意愿的影响因素分析中,人居环境、公共服务保障对农户生计变化呈正相关影响,其中区位条件和公共服务保障对农户生计变化影响最大。     

基于熵思想的民族区城市生态系统研究——以云南省16个市州为例

基于生态资源环境与社会协调发展的区域城镇化研究已成为我国现阶段地理学研究中的重要科学问题之一。应用熵思想对2010—2012年云南16个市州的支持型输入熵、压力型输出熵、还原代谢型熵和消费代谢型熵、熵流、熵产生及总熵变情况进行定量研究。结果表明:云南省各市州城市社会经济生态系统还处于发展阶段,主要以有序度下降为主;云南省各市州的支持型输入、压力型输出、还原代谢型和消费代谢型4种类型熵存在着显著的空间差异性与单一熵主导性并存现象;云南省各市州城市社会经济生态系统的熵流、熵产生、总熵变存在着显著的空间差异性;云南省各市州城市社会经济生态系统的综合发展得分总体上呈现出东部优于西部、南部优于北部的空间分异格局。     

Advance agriculture in the desert: the Israeli case story

The Israeli Desert constitutes 60% of the country's total area. Regional annual precipitation is 100–200 mm and evaporation reaches 2,500 mm. Traditional desert agriculture of rain fed wheat and sheep, goat and camels grazing is common. Despite the harsh climate conditions, advance agriculture is concentrated in foci where water resources exist. Desert agriculture takes advantage of the winter(October–April) due to a mild climate season for growing vegetables, flowers, herbs and fruit which are mostly exported to European countries. The key factor is the sustainable management of the local natural resources. The regional research and development(RD) system is generating adequate local knowledge and technologies. The most important key factor is developing water resources, and using irrigation saving water systems such as drip irrigation. Technologies of protected agriculture such as greenhouses and plastic tunnels are used. The unfit desert soil is substitute by sand and artificial growing media. For gaining market purposes, introduction of botanical species was implemented for various flowers and vegetable varieties, avocado, pitaya, and jojoba. Controlled drip irrigation and drainage helps to solve salinity problems. Integrated Pest Management(IPM) is used to overcome plant protection issues. Advance raising of milking cows was developed by using reduction heat stress methods. Tilapia are raised in open ponds and greenhouse ponds, and ostriches adapted to desert conditions were introduced. On the southern Judean hills where precipitation is 250 mm, through soil conservation and rain harvesting, significant afforestation is changing the desert scenery. The human factor on this process such as farmers, agricultural extension agents and research scientists is the leading factor.     

地图见证武汉十年发展历程

立足武汉现状,从城市风貌、城市建设、城市生活等方面用地图和文字进行描述,通过面、线、点将武汉的十年变化在空间上进行定位和说明,以“数字武汉”的形式勾绘出武汉的每一个发展步伐,见证“魅力武汉”的实质和内涵,以最直观的方式展示了武汉的十年变迁。     

大比例尺GIS数据更新服务框架综述

CAD数据在图形表达、存储和管理上表现非常完美,能满足现在大部分的图形绘制应用。但是,CAD数据不能很好地保存和管理与空间位置相关的属性信息,使得这种数据格式并不能很好地支持图、属兼顾的GIS应用。从现有的CAD数据转换、更新GIS数据库并不是一个简单的数据格式转换的过程,其间涉及到数据模型的转换、存储管理方式改变等众多复杂问题,其研究的进展将会直接影响到目前GIS数据更新模式、过程。本文从CAD、GIS数据特点入手,以将现有CAD数据采集自动更新到GIS数据库目标,从系统架构、功能结构和工作流程等几个方面对大比例尺GIS数据更新服务框架展开论述。     

数字沈阳基础地理信息空间框架建设数据整理入库方法研究

"数字沈阳基础地理信息空间框架建设行政区划、道路、水系、绿地数据整理入库"是基础地理数据库建设的一个支撑点。首先、对入库目标数据进行综合分析,然后,确定数据入库的技术流程,针对各类数据自身特点在完全满足相关规程的基础上,组织数据入库。     

天津市土地整理储备管理信息系统总体设计

土地整理储备工作涵盖了土地计划、土地收购、土地整理储备和土地供应等多个环节,具有业务过程复杂,持续周期长等特点,迫切需要利用信息化手段提升管理效率。结合天津市土地整理储备工作现状,探讨了土地整理储备信息化的实现方法与技术,设计了天津市土地整理储备管理信息系统总体架构,开发了集业务协同、过程监控、宏观统筹管理和辅助决策支持功能于一体的管理系统,并对系统功能作了详尽的介绍。     

Hexagonal connectivity maps for Digital Earth

Geospatial data are gathered through a variety of different methods. The integration and handling of such datasets within a Digital Earth framework are very important in many aspects of science and engineering. One means of addressing these tasks is to use a Discrete Global Grid System and map points of the Earth's surface to cells. An indexing mechanism is needed to access the data and handle data queries within these cells. In this paper, we present a general hierarchical indexing mechanism for hexagonal cells resulting from the refinement of triangular spherical polyhedra representing the Earth. In this work, we establish a 2D hexagonal coordinate system and diamond-based hierarchies for hexagonal cells that enables efficient determination of hierarchical relationships for various hexagonal refinements and demonstrate its usefulness in Digital Earth frameworks.     

Research on SAR data integrated processing methodology oriented on earth environment factor inversions

ABSTRACT

As an important advanced technique in the field of Earth observations, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) plays a key role in the study of global environmental change, resources exploration, disaster mitigation, urban environments, and even lunar exploration. However, studies on imaging, image processing, and Earth factor inversions have often been conducted independently for a long time, which significantly limits the application effectiveness of SAR remote sensing due to the lack of an overall integrated design scheme and integrated information processing. Focusing on this SAR application issue, this paper proposes and describes a new SAR data processing methodology – SAR data integrated processing (DIP) oriented on Earth environment factor inversions. The simple definition, typical integrated modes and overall implementation ideas are introduced. Finally, focusing on building information extraction (man-made targets) and sea ice classification (natural targets) applications, three SAR DIP methods and experiments are conducted. Improved results are obtained under the guidance of the SAR DIP framework. Therefore, the SAR DIP theoretical framework and methodology represent a new SAR science application mode that has the capability to improve the SAR remote sensing quantitative application level and promote the development of new theories and methodologies.     

应用精细油藏描述技术实现S3区可持续发展

对S3区开展的精细油藏描述,发现由于储层胶结性差、埋深浅、笼统注采以及防砂措施不配套等因素影响,整个区块出现储量动用不均衡,原开发方式已经不适应油藏的开发形式的需要。在油藏开发调整中,进行平面开发区域的合理划分与重组。针对不同区域储层特征、沉积特点、水驱开发特征、现有井网完整程度和剩余油分布状况,对不同区域采用适合的开发方式,实现在同一区块采用多元的开发方式进行整体二次开发,使该区块生产能力得到改善。